Mallyore
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| Republic of Mallyore Republika Maliorska Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰻⰽⰰ Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ | |||
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| Motto: "Recte et fortiter" Upright and Strong | |||
| Anthem: Divna li je zemja naša | |||
| Capital and largest city | Nikolovac | ||
| Official languages | Mallyorian | ||
| Ethnic Groups | Mallyorian (86.2%) Escadian (5.1%) Zalivnian (3.4%) other (5.3%)[1] | ||
| Demonym | Mallyorian | ||
| Government | Parliamentary democracy | ||
| • President | Ivan Kjaković | ||
| • Prime Minister | Zvonimir Korošić | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 41,266.70 km2 15,933.16 sq mi | ||
| Population | |||
| • Estimate (2021) |  4,286,372 | ||
| • Census (2013) | 4,241,366 | ||
| • Density | 103.87/km2 | ||
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate | ||
| • Total | $181.97 billion | ||
| • Per capita | $42,459 | ||
| HDI | 0.884 very high | ||
| Timezone | WUT +6 (no DST) | ||
| Currency | las (MLS) | ||
| Drives on the | right | ||
Mallyore (/ˌmælˈɪɔːɹ/, Mallyorian: Maliorska (Romantian script), Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ (Velitic script), pronounced [maliˈoːrskaː]), officially the Republic of Mallyore (Mallyorian: Republika Maliorska/Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰻⰽⰰ Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ) is a unitary parliamentary republic located in central Uletha. It is bordered by Zalivnia to the west, Suria to the southwest and Escadia to the south and east. It also shares a maritime border with Drabantia to the north on the Egalian Lake. The country covers a total area of 41,268 km2 and roughly it can be divided on northern coastal lowlands and southern mountainous area.[2] The population is over 4.2 million and comprises mostly ethnic Mallyorians, out of which 1.1 million live in the largest city and capital Nikolovac. The only official language is Mallyorian.
The first Mallyorian state was the Principality of Črešnja established in the late 8th century. Hrvoje the Great became the first (self-proclaimed) king in 894 when state reached its peak. When queen Jelena Lijepa married Escadian king Vyndenira I in 1153, the Kingdom of Mallyore entered the real union with Escadia. In the 14th century, Mallyore as the politically weaker constituent of the Union, lost all of its sovereignty. Although it did not have any political power, Mallyorian area was the most developed part of the country and Mallyorians played the important role in history of the Union. Semi-autonomous Duchy of Mallyore was established by the Act of Varvent in 1799 and full independency was regained in 1918.
After the Blue Revolution, caused by the Great Famine of 1942-43, the government was taken over by authoritarian socialist leader Želimir Boravica who ruled the country for next 30 years. The period in 70s and early 80s when democracy and free market were redintegrated is called the Mallyorian Restoration (Maliorska obnova). Today, Mallyore is a modern high-income advanced economy with high standard of living.
Etymology
The origin of the name Maliorska is still unclear. The most popular theory says it is a combination of words mali ("little") and orao ("eagle") with usual Slevic suffix -ska/sko on the end.[3] This theory is based on a fact that eagle was a common emblem in medieval Mallyore state.[4] Ingerish word Mallyore comes from Escadian name Mäljoria and it is in usage since late 19th century. The country is in older Ingerish documents inscribed as Mallyoria or Maliorland.
History
Early ages
Historians have postulated that throughout prehistory, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Mallyore. The ethnicity and linguistic affiliation of these groups have been hotly debated; the time and route of the original settlement of Slevic peoples in these regions lacks written records and can only be defined as fragmented.
The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory of Mallyore is Grabovac, dating from the Lower Egalian culture of the early Iron Age, around 800 BC.[5] The Slevic groups who would form Mallyore migrated to these areas in the second half of the 3rd century AD, together with the Suric tribes.
In late 8th century, the christization of the area began. However, the transition from paganism was a long and tough process which lasted for almost three centuries.[6] The first organized written language was Old Church Mallyorian, used mainly by first priests.
Principality of Črešnja
According to the De Administrando Regno written by Pretannic scholar Cepheus in 9th century, the first Mallyorian state was organized during late 8th century in Črešnja valley, on the northern border of present-day Mallyore and Escadia.[7] Duke Domagoj enlarged territory to river Banava on south and established Sibinj, the capital of Principality of Črešnja. In early 9th century, Držislav I and Časlav defeated Chirans and Escadians, extending Mallyorian power. Višeslav overthrowed Časlav's son Mutimir in 861, founding the Višeslavović dynasty.[8]
Kingdom and the Great Union
By the end of 9th century, Maroje the Great (Maroje Veliki) controlled the area between Udesa and Banuj rivers. He proclaimed himself as a king of the Kingdom of Mallyore in 894. During his rule the state reached a peak in terms of both area and population.[9][10] Dmitar Krešimir succesfully opposed Egalian raids, but rising Escadian power threatened his reign. In the Banuvian Wars, the Kingdom of Escadia gained fertile lands in the north. Until 12th century, Mallyorian kings controlled territory similar to present-day Mallyore. The Kingdom was often trembled by uprisings and rebellions, resulting in frequent Surian and Escadian attacks.
When king Držislav III died under doubtful circumstances, his wife Jelena Lijepa married Escadian king Vyndenira I to save kingdom from Suric invasion. The Union was confirmed by Sibinj Charter (Mallyorian: Sibinjska poveja) in 1153.[11] Although Jelena Lijepa arranged the real union, Escadian kings often misinterpreted the deal after her death. In the beginning, the influence of Mallyorian nobility was strong and they enjoyed extensive rights, mainly through autonomus Mallyorian parliament Sabornik. The rivalry between Mallyorian and Escadian noble houses was intense, causing occasional crises.[12] Several peasant uprisings enfeebled the House of Zrinski, the most powerful Mallyorian noble house, leading to a decline of Mallyorian importance in the Union. By the end of the 14th century, the Kingdom of Mallyore lost all formal autonomy and it was split between Escadian counties.[13]
During First Escadian-Surian War (1536-1549), most of the Mallyorian territory was occupied by Surric troopes. After defeating Surians in the Battle of Zalomin, Mallyorian noble Matija Glavinić helped to end the siege of Rilg. After that act, Mallyorian nobility regained some power and land, but Mallyore remained unequal in the Union.
In the second half of the 16th century, the territory of Mallyore saw an economic and cultural prosperity. This period is at the present called Mallyorian Renaissance: many artists, writers and architects created their famous works, leaving valuable heritage. Trade across Egalian Lake flourished, and some Mallyorian merchants sailed all to the Mediterranean and Pretannic Sea.[14][15] Nikolovac grew into the second largest city and most important commerce hub, while Svetivan was a crucial port on the Egalian Lake for the Surian Empire. The waves of famine and plague in 1591 and 1616, respectively, slowed down the growth, but Mallyorian area remained one of the most developed parts of the country.
At the threshold of 17th century, the church reformation movements found a stronghold in Pobanavlje region, especially in Banavski Brod. Escadian government strongly opposed local Ballatian movement and fought the protestants. The situation escalated in 1603, when army massacred 900 people in Banavski Brod.[16] The oppression ceased in 1611 with Mrkop Edict of Toleration (Mallyorian: Mrkopski edikt o toleranciji) which guaranteed limited freedom to other religions.[17]
With the administrative reform in 1640, the Mallyorian lands were united in one region (Escadian: krai, Mallyorian: županija). Two years later, the attempt to create separate Mallyorian Parliament ended with public hanging of organizers in Nikolovac.[18] Absolute authority of Vaalmo IV suppressed efforts to modernize the country and give more rights to the ethnic minorities like Mallyorians and Banuvians. Policies of intensive escadization and centralization restrained a pursuit for freedom.
In 1676, many coastal cities and towns stood against new ship tax which caused momentous Rastušje uprising. Consequently, Escadian government imposed an embargo on all ports in the County of Mallyore and redirected trade routes to Banuvian part of Egalian coast, mainly to Varvent. Important commerce hubs like Nikolovac, Svetivan and Banovci were heavily affected, creating extensive economical consequences. Many people emigrated to Varvent and Rilg, or started to smuggle.[19] The ban was withdrawn only seven years later.
The 18th century was an era of stability and progress. The Escadian-Mallyorian Kingdom[note 1], also known as the Great Union expanded to the east, increasing Escadian domination and influence in the wider region. Although Mallyorian lands didn't have much political power, the position of Mallyorian cities, merchants and nobles improved. Taami the Great (1714-1750) maintained strong army and powerful bureaucracy under his control. His son Vaasemaa of Otena accepted intellectual and philosophical ideas from Western Uletha. He opened many schools and universities, promoting science, literature and art.[20] Serfdom was banned in 1749, just before his death.[21]
In 1788, Mallyorian, Escadian and Drabantian scholars and intellectuals conceived Encyclopædia Egallica, the first general encyclopedia in Central Uletha, which helped in collecting common knowledge and popularization of science.[22][23]
Duchy of Mallyore
After the death of king Vyndenira XIV in 1796, the Union was quivered by the wars of succession.[24][25] Mallyorian and Drabantian nobility took a chance and imposed the Act of Varvent, enacted on 5th May 1799. Disunited Escadian nobles ceded Northern Banuvia region to Drabantia and autonomous duchies of Mallyore and Banuvia were established. Consecutively, duchies recognized Valdemaa I as a monarch of Escadian-Mallyorian-Banuvian Kingdom, also known as the Second Union. Sabornik, the Parliament of the Duchy of Mallyore, was restored, chaired by elected Duke of Mallyorian Lands. The Duchy had autonomous finances, judiciary, trade policies, administration, educational system and police. Military and foreign affairs were shared with Escadian and Banuvian part of Monarchy, as well as a part of common finances.[26]
The creation of the Duchy sparked off the National Revival movement (Mallyorian: Maliorski narodni preporod) in the first half of the 19th century. Many libraries and cultural institutions as the Mallyorian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Mallyorian: Maliorska akademija znanosti i umitnosti) and Matica maliorska were opened.[27] Mallyorian language was standardised as a counterweight to Escadian, along with promotion of national literature and culture. Numerous newspapers and books were published, boosting national spirit and education as well.
Along with cultural impulse, the Duchy faced rapid industrialization and urbanization.[28] Nikolovac and Banavski Brod experienced population boom, causing housing shortages. Infrastructure developed swiftly, as a dense network of rails and roads was built. Autonomous trade deals and liberalization accelerated Mallyorian economy, raising the gap with the rest of the Kingdom.[29] In the end of 19th century, social inequality was in rise which led to mass protests and demonstrations, often encouraged by central Escadian government. Mallyorian Parliament demanded higher autonomy and lower payment to the royal treasury. In 1904 Duchy of Mallyore fought for better status, but it was not granted for Duchy of Banuvia too, as central government considered it as an integral part of Escadia.[30] Nine years later, the governments of two duchies tried to run independence referendums, but the organizers were arrested and Banuvian Parliament was dissolved. Finally, boosted with international support and political crisis in Escadia, Mallyorian government held a new referendum in 1918, with vast majority of 94% voting for independence.[31] The first president Jakša Franković proclaimed sovereign Republic of Mallyore on 12th June 1918.
Socrealism and modern history
Although 1920s brought economical growth, political turbulences in neighbouring countries contributed to feeling of instability and fragility. Right-wing government openly endorsed Banuvian independence movement and opposed communist forces in Escadia. The peak of tension was the Eight-Day War in 1929 (Mallyorian: Osmodnevni rat), suspended by international forces. Since then, Mallyore closed borders and paused diplomatic relations with Escadian communist regime.[32][33]
The disastrous drought striked whole region in 1942 and 1943, causing turmoil and mass demonstrations against the government. Želimir Boravica, one of the generals of the army, turned his unit against the government and started the Blue Revolution. This coup d'état was later connected with the communist government of Escadia.[34][35] Boravica assembled workers and middle class promising better social situation, food, free housing and new jobs. In late 1943, he set up a "temporary socialist regime" which lasted more than 30 years. The era of Boravica's authoritarian rule is called socrealism, regarding to his famous statement: "Socialism is our only reality and we must defend it under any circumstances."[36][37][38] By the end of decade, all political parties were banned, privately owned companies and estates were nationalized and the economy was based on planned market socialism, closely related to Escadia.
After the April Resolution in 1954, Boravica detached from Escadian government and introduced workers' self-management (Mallyorian: radničko samoupravjanje), which created better economic conditions than in other socialist states.[39] In the era of socrealism, Mallyore went through new wave of industrialization and urbanization, resulting in centralization of all functions in Nikolovac and neglecting other parts of the country. Between 1944 and 1975 Nikolovac's population grew 89%, while whole country had a growth rate of 18%.[40] Still, Boravica's government faced weaker economic growth than countries with free market and democracy, generating dissatisfaction and emigration.
The political climate was repressive during the 1950s, including numerous show trials and hundreds of thousands of political prisoners, but became more open and tolerant after the April Resolution. The Liberalization March in 1962 was brutally stopped with several casualties.[41] In 1973, after Boravica's unexpected death, economic and political difficulties started to mount and the government began to crumble. On the first democratic elections after 1940, left-wing parties won majority and started implementing social democracy. The financial crisis and lack of political leadership brought instability and short-term governments in mid 70s. On 1977 parliamentary election conservative-liberal majority was formed and free market program with liberalization and deregulation was introduced. Mallyorian economy started growing rapidly again in early 80s, catching up the developed countries. The period of transition from socrealism to free market and democracy is called the Mallyorian Restoration.[42]
In 1982, Mallyore was one of the founding nations of Egalian Union, a political and economical organization uniting countries from the region.[43]
By the end of century, emigration rates dropped and economic growth caused a wave of immigration, primarily from Escadia.[44] Today, Mallyore is a high-income advanced economy with a high development index, a very high standard of living, performing favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of a market economy with a comprehensive social security system.
Geography
Mallyore is located in central Uletha, on the shores of Egalian Lake. It lies mostly between latitudes 50° and 53° N and longitudes 86° and 90° E. The territory covers around 36,200 square kilometres (14,000 square miles).
Elevation ranges from the mountains in the south and east to the lowland shores of the Egalian Lake where two thirds of population lives. Northern and central hilly parts are traversed by major rivers such as Banava, Rumina and Črešnja. Forests cover more than 15,000 sq km of total area (41%), most of them located on the east. The biggest water body after Egalian Lake is Rakovac Lake, shared with Escadia.
Climate
Biodiversity
Politics
Mallyore is a unitary state using a parliamentary system of governance since 1918.[45] The head of state is the president, who is elected by popular vote and has an important integrative role. He is elected for five years and at maximum for two consecutive terms. He has mainly a representative role and is the commander-in-chief of the Mallyorian military forces.[46]
The executive and administrative authority in Mallyore is held by the Government of Mallyore (Vlada Republike Maliorske), headed by the Prime Minister and the council of ministers or cabinet. The two largest political parties in Mallyore are MDS and SDU.
The current constitution originates in 1974.[47]
Economy
Mallyore consistently ranks high in terms of GDP per capita, due to its highly industrialized economy, and well-developed social market economy.[48] Until the 1980s, many of Mallyore's largest industry firms were nationalised; in recent years, however, privatisation has reduced state holdings. A balanced budget, low public debt, flat-rate income tax, free trade regime, competitive commercial banking sector, innovative e-services are hallmarks of Mallyorian market economy.
The economy of Mallyore is open and export-oriented, making it strongly influenced by the conditions of its exporting partners' economies. Escadia has historically been the main trading partner of Mallyore, making it vulnerable to rapid changes in the Escadian economy.[49] Since Mallyore became a member state of the Egalian Union, it has gained closer ties to other E8 economies, reducing its economic dependence on Escadia. Suria and Pretany also play an important role in international trade. In 2018, Mallyorian exports were valued at 157.8 billion MDN with 149.6 billion MDN worth of imports.[50]
In 2019 GDP (PPP) was $174.30 billion or $40,734 per capita. Real GDP growth in 2019 was 4.4%.[51] The average net salary of a Mallyorian worker in December 2019 was 9,604 MDN per month, and the average gross salary was 13,309 MDN per month. As of January 2021, registered unemployment rate in Mallyore was 3.6%.[52]
The economic output is dominated by the tertiary (service) sector which accounted for 67.5% of GDP, followed by the secondary (industrial) with 30.4% and primary (agriculture) sector accounting for 2.1% of GDP.
In December 2019, Mallyore had 2,149,511 registered workers, while national public debt was 31.3% of national GDP.[53]
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Finance and banking
Mallyore's largest banks are Nikolovačka banka, VPB and state-owned bank, MNB. A lot of international banks operate in Mallyore, mainly from Suria, Escadia and Western Ulethan countries. Mallyorian banking sector is highly developed and still increasing.[54] National currency, Mallyorian las (MLS) is very stable, especially after 2011 economic crisis. In many sectors, Surian Atyln, Escadian Crown and Pretanic Pauddle are also present.[55]
Energy
The most of energy consumption, production and transmission is controlled by national company MEP. Mallyere production of energy sources covers 68% of national demand and the rest is imported. In 2018, 53% of Mallyore's energy consumption came from non-renewable resources, mainly fossil fuels. The government's target is to make a half of energy consumption coming from renewable resources by 2020. Since 1990s, Mallyore is largely encouraging wind and solar power, now becoming one of world leaders in production of renewable energy. In 2017 28.9% of electricity was generated by wind, 10.2% by hydro-power and 1.3% by solar power.
Transportation
The motorway network in Mallyore is well-developed and built mostly in last 30 years. By the end of 2019, Mallyore had completed more than 850 kilometres of highways (autoceste) and expressways (brze ceste) following various national and Pan-Egalian corridors.[56] The busiest highways are the A1, connecting Rakovac and Svetivan via Nikolovac and the A4, connecting Nikolovac and Rilg in Escadia, passing near Banavski Brod. A widespread network of state roads acts as motorway feeder line while connecting all major settlements in the country.[57]
Mallyore has extensive rail network and one of the densest in the world.[58] Almost the half of tracks are electrified and more than a third of them are double or multiple-line tracks.[59] Mallyorian Railways (Maliorske žejeznice) is the main railway operator, with about 60 million passengers carried every year. The first high-speed rail routes connecting Nikolovac with Sibinj and Banavski Brod have been introduced in 2014, with trains reaching the speed of 230 km/h (143 mph).
King Krešimir Airport in Nikolovac is the main and largest airport in the country. In 2019, it handled 7.1 million passengers with routes connecting Nikolovac with all major Ulethan destinations.[60] Banavski Brod Airport saw a significant rise of low-cost and charter flights in recent years, reaching a number of 1 million passengers for the first time in 2018. Other international airports include Promin Airport and Svetivan Airport, respectively.
The Port of Nikolovac is major cargo and passenger port on the Egalian Lake. It is an important waterway connection for both Mallyore and Escadia with international ship traffic via Ina river. The Port of Svetivan is the second largest lake port, valuable for northeastern Suria.[61]
Tourism
Mallyore offers tourists a wide variety of natural and cultural amenities. More than 8.4 million tourists visited Mallyore in 2019[62], and the most attractive destination is the capital of Nikolovac with famous Gothic cathedral from 13th century, large and well-preserved medieval town on the hill and 19th-century city center. A lot of cultural amenities, museums, galleries and venues can be found in the New Town (Nova varoš) neighbourhood, built across Rumina river mostly in Neoclassical style. The Nikolovac Castle and Baroque Lower Town (Donja strana) neighbourhood are popular sights, too.
Mallyore is also famous for many other historic cities, castles and fortresses from different historical epoques, namely Matošćan Castle and Djević Castle.[63] Large historical centers can be found in Nikolovac, Banavski Brod, Sibinj, Rakovac, Svetivan and Križan.
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The whole country is rich with thermal and mineral springs with many spas, giving it a nickname "The Land Of Thousand Springs".[64] Some of famous spa towns are Šarlinske Toplice, Vrutci and Stupičke Toplice near Nikolovac. They also usually offer congress and gambling tourism; Mallyore is one of the countries with the highest percentage of casinos per 1,000 inhabitants in Uletha.[65] The Grand Casino Koehl in Nikolovac is the most popular and oldest casino in the region.[66]
One of Mallyore's main tourist attractions are the Southern Mountains, especially the Risak and Glavina mountains. They feature many rare plant and animal species and offer numerous skiing, hiking and mountaineering opportunities.[67] Rivers and streams in the mountains of southern Mallyore are often used for rafting and other white-water based activities and sports.
Many medieval and traditional folklore festivals take a place in various cities and villages. The Svetivan Summer Festival is famous for a weapon dance called Maroška. Autumns of Stoška (Stoške jeseni) and Dances of Rakovac (Rakovački plesovi) attract many domestic and international tourists as well. The Ortholic shrine of Božanovci gathers many pilgrims from the country and region.
The Entrio Festival is one of the world's most renowned electronic music festivals held every year in Sibinj.[68] Other acclaimed music festival include three-week rock festival in Kastilac and Musicinno Fest in Banavski Brod.
In 2019, the number of international visitors exceeded 7 million, most of them arriving from Escadia (28%), Suria (26%), Pretany (14%), UL15h (9%) and Drabantia (8%).[69]
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, Mallyore had a population of 4,241,366. Estimated population for October 2021 is 4,286,372 and the annual growth in the same year was 0.11%. With 118 inhabitants per square kilometer (34.0/sq mi), Mallyore ranks average among the Ulethan countries in population density. The most densely populated are Nikolovac and Banavski Brod metro areas.
The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2018 was estimated at 1.59 children born/woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and one of the lower in the world. The life expectancy in 2019 was estimated at 79.52 years (76.23 years male, 82.62 years female).
In the 2013, Mallyore's main and absolute ethnic group were Mallyorians (86.4%). Escadians are the largest ethnic minority (5.1%). Other notable ethnic groups include Zalivnians (3.4%), Banuvians (2.2%), Bardash people (0.8%) and Surians (0.5%).
Religion
As a secular state, Mallyore has no official religion. Freedom of religion is a right defined by the Constitution which also defines all religious communities as equal in front of the law and separated from the state.
According to the 2013 census, 70.1% of Mallyorians identify as a member of Ortholic Church. 12.1% of the population describes themselves as irreligious and 4.9% decided not to respond.
In poll taken in 2010 less than two thirds of respondents (62%) stated that they believe in a God. 21% of them answered that they believe in some sort of spirit or life force and 17% said they don't believe in any sort of spirit, God or life force.[70] A poll taken in 2014 showed that only 12% of Mallyorians aged 19-35 attend church regularly.[71]
Languages
The only official language of Mallyore is Mallyorian, the first language for 4.9 million people worldwide and 94% inhabitants of the country.[72] Modern Mallyorian is a South Slevic language which developed from Proto-Slevic and Old Mallyorian language through years. It has been standardized during 19th century in the period of the National Revival.
Mallyorian language is an example of synchronic digraphia; both Romantian and autochthonous Velitic script are formally used. Although authorities recognized Romantian script as preferred in public administration, due to historical reasons and importance, Velitic script kept co-official status. The law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means, leaving the choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.). A survey from 2015 showed that 61% of Mallyorians favour the Romantian alphabet, 18% favour the Velitic one and 21% have no preference.[73]
Minority languages such as Escadian and Zalivnian hold co-official status in the settlements in which the size of the minority population meets the legal threshold of 20% in two consecutive censuses.
The deaf community uses the Mallyorian Sign Language.[74]
Mallyorian language became equal with Escadian in the Duchy of Mallyore by the Act of Varvent in 1799. Sixty years later, Sabornik (the Parliament) proclaimed Mallyorian as the only official language on the territory of the Duchy, while Escadian remained important in trade and administration.[75]
A 2017 survey revealed that 89% of Mallyorians claim certain knowledge of at least one foreign language, up from 80% in 2007.[76] The most popular foreign languages are Ingerish, Escadian and Surian.
Education
Literacy in Mallyore stands at 99.8 per cent. Primary education in Mallyore starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2004 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by gymnasiums and vocational schools. Nationwide leaving exams (Mallyorian: državna matura) were introduced for secondary education students in the school year 2006–07. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Mallyorian language, mathematics, foreign language) and optional subjects. It is a prerequisite for university education.
Attending public primary and secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher education, is free. Students only pay directly for textbooks, basic equipment, cafeteria food, student dorms and other necessities, although state also gives thousands of scholarships each year. In addition, the state pays health insurance for students. There are very few private schools in the country.
Education in Mallyore has a long history, with the first university being University of Banavski Brod, founded in 1396. Largest and the oldest continuously operating Mallyorian university is University of Nikolovac, founded in 1529.
Health
Healthcare in Mallyore is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.[77] Health insurance is compulsory. Healthcare is delivered to all citizens and residents by mixed public and private system and public, university and semi-private hospitals. In 2019, Mallyore spent 8.9% of its GDP on healthcare. Mallyore ranks high in the world in life expectancy with 76.2 years for men and 82.6 years for women, and it had a low infant mortality rate of 2.3 per 1,000 live births.[78][79]
Culture
Because of its geographical position, Mallyore represents a blend of different cultural spheres. It has been a cross-roads of influences from Western culture and the East. The National Revival movement was the most significant period of national cultural history, as the 19th century proved crucial to the emancipation of the Mallyorian language and saw unprecedented developments in all fields of art and culture, giving rise to a number of historical figures.[80]
The Ministry of Culture is tasked with preserving the nation's cultural and natural heritage and overseeing its development. The Ulethan Heritage Site List includes nine sites in Mallyore.[81]
Mallyore is categorised as having established a very high level of human development in the Human Development Index, with a high degree of equality in HDI achievements between women and men. Recognition of same-sex unions in Mallyore has gradually improved over the past decades, culminating in registered civil unions in May 2012, granting same-sex couples equal inheritance rights, tax deductions and limited adoption rights.[82]
Arts and literature
Architecture in Mallyore reflects influences of bordering nations, especially from Escadia and Suria. Large squares named after culture heroes, well-groomed parks, and pedestrian-only zones, are features of these orderly towns and cities, especially where large scale Baroque urban planning took place, for instance in Nikolovac, Banavski Brod and Sibinj. Subsequent influence of the Art Nouveau was reflected in contemporary architecture.[83]
Besides the architecture encompassing the oldest artworks in Mallyore, there is a long history of artists in Mallyore reaching to the Middle Ages. The 19th and the 20th centuries brought about affirmation of numerous Mallyorian artisans, helped by several patrons of the arts such as bishop Josip Juraj Leizenger. Mallyorian artists of the period achieving worldwide renown were Hrvoje Hratković and Jurica Meštrović.
The Svetivan tablet, a stone inscribed with the Velitic alphabet found in Svetivan monastery and dated to 1047, is considered to be the oldest surviving prose in Mallyorian language.[84] The beginning of more vigorous development of Mallyorian literature is marked by the Renaissance and Marko Maretić. Besides him, Renaissance playwright Maroje Knežić, Baroque poet Ivan Gametić, Mallyorian national revival poet Ivan Žuranić, novelist, playwright and poet Vatroslav Bogut, children's writer Ivana Velić-Baronić, writer and journalist Marijana Žlezna, poet and writer Gustav Gorjanić, expressionist and realist writer Miroslav Lange, poet Tin Vidanović and novelist Denis Domjanić are often cited as the greatest figures in Mallyorian literature.[85]
Music and theatre
Mallyore has made many contributions to the fields of folk, popular and classical music. Mallyorian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Mallyorian music.[86] Mallyore has renowned composers of contemporary classical music, Fran Lajc, Josip Dežman, Viktor Heredy and Milko Bijaković among them. One of the greatest Mallyorian composers, Franjo Šulek, was also among the most significant musicians of the 19th century. His music was invigorated by the themes, modes and rhythmic patterns of the national folk music.[87]
During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music. Harmony singing is a deep rooted tradition in Mallyore, and is at least three-part singing (four voices).[88] The Mallyorian Philharmonics, founded in 1714 as part of the University of Nikolovac, is among the oldest such institutions in the world.[89] The struggle against escadization during the National Revival movement brought important music pieces, including the first national opera Poj u boj za narod svoj in 1822 and the national anthem Divna li je zemja naša, according to Pavao Krunić's 1809 poem. The early 20th century emerged Impressionism and unique Mallyorian Jazz. The most popular music genres in the 21th century are pop, rock, dance and rap.[90]
The theatre appeared in Mallyorian lands in the late Middle Ages.[91] In the 19th century, the theatre played an important role in the National Revival and later, in the 20th century it became a part of the modern Ulethan theatre art. The Mallyorian National Theatre and National Opera and Ballet House in Nikolovac are the most important theatre venues in the country. Today, street theatre and puppetry are very popular forms, especially among the younger population.[92]
Media
The freedom of the press and the freedom of the speech are guaranteed by the Constitution. MRT (Mallyorian Radiotelevision, Mallyorian: Maliorska radiotelevizija) is national public broadcasting company. The most watched main news program is TVM24, followed by EGT and Viva. The best-selling daily national newspapers are Dnevni, Jutarnje novine and Nikolovački visnik founded in 1895.
The tradition of Mallyorian cinematography started in 1897 when Miran Vojčić was successful in creating one of the first cameras in the world. Mallyorian cinema developed rapidly after the independence in 1918. Since then, Mallyore has produced numerous directors, film producers, cartoonists and actors that achieved fame in the country and world.[93]
Mallyore has also emerged as a hub for video game developers in Uletha, with the country now being home to dozens of studios. Among the most successful ones are nDixis and MIt Games. Today, the most globally successful Mallyorian games include Light Warrior, The Fury Drive, Checkpoint: Maze and others.
Cuisine
Sports
See also
Notes
- ↑ Popis stanovništva 2013., Mallyorian Statistic Bureau
- ↑ "Maliorski geografski atlas" by National Mallyorian Geographic Society, 1972
- ↑ "Teoretika maliorskega imena" by Institut za povist, 1949
- ↑ "Maliorska i eskadska heraldika u srednjemu viku" by Josip Rešetin, 1988
- ↑ "Razvoj grabovačke kulture" by Snižana Korić and Branko Maat, 1966
- ↑ "Povist kršćanstva u Maliorana", 1.dio, by Juban Oršić, 1997
- ↑ "Državni kontinuitet i maliorsko državno pravo" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1974
- ↑ "Višeslavovići, od 861. do 1152." by Igor Rambanija, 2009
- ↑ "Demografija sridnjovikovnega Maliorskega Kraljevstva" by Utiha Banović, 1991
- ↑ "Život Maroja Velikega" by Jona Babić-Diklo, 1999
- ↑ "Sibinjska poveja i njezin uticaj na povist Maliorana - kako ujosmo u Uniju s Eskadskom" by Zigmund Jadris, 1977
- ↑ "Halubinski i Ožegovački ustanci" by Leopold Gortan, 1958
- ↑ "Teritorijalna i politička dezintegracija maliorskih zemâlj u 14. stoliću" by Dominik Vangić, 1988
- ↑ "Pomorstvo i trgovina u sridnjovikovnoj Maliorskoj" by Ivan Hanžetić, 2003
- ↑ "Kamo plovjahu maliorski trgovci?" on mirnaplovidba.mo
- ↑ "Krvavi početci crkvene reforme u Pobanavlju" by Branka Stambolić, Maliorski povisnik, 1995
- ↑ "Temeji religijskega liberalizma u modernoj povisti" by Maša Fazanski-Nestorić, Pravni institut Franjo Kulak, 1976
- ↑ "Osvrt na Devetolipanjska višanja" by Zolte Miričić on povisniportal.mo, 14th July 2015
- ↑ "Poslidice Rastuškega ustanka" in "Maliorski otpor u Uniji krozan stolića" by Pjerino Pakaj, 1957
- ↑ Escadian royal families, Luke Daame, 1966
- ↑ "Uticaj ukidanja kmetstva u Uniji na društveno-povisna zbivanja" by Renko Zlaam, 1940
- ↑ Encyclopædia Egallica, Mallyorian State Archive
- ↑ "200 lît Egalske enciklopedije" by Mallyorian History Institute, 1988
- ↑ "Povisna zbivanja krajen 18. stolića" by Zorana Babiš-Urličić, 2003
- ↑ "Historijat eskadskega plemstva, 2. dio" by Grozdan Aameta, 1988/89
- ↑ "Povist Maliorske od Varventskega akta do neovisnosti" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1976
- ↑ gradnikolovac.mo/povist/znacajnegradevine
- ↑ "Razvoj industrije u Drugoj Uniji" by Renko Zlaam, 1937
- ↑ Ekonomska raščlamba eskadskega, maliorskega i banuvskega dila monarhije" by Ivica Zorov-Matečić, 2004
- ↑ "Banuvsko pitanje - nekad i danas" by Petar Fijuk, 2011
- ↑ "Analiza rezultât referenduma za neovisnost 1918. po kotarih" by Mallyorian History Institute, 1999
- ↑ "Eskadski civilni rat - pogled s maliorske strane" by Juraj Dobrinić, 1935
- ↑ "Krhka demokracija dvadesetih" by Lorena Bogojubek, 2014
- ↑ "Iskra eskadskega komunizma i njen uticaj na Egaliju" by Antun Zineski, 1980
- ↑ "Plava revolucija - dobro osmišjen plan?" by Krešimir Fabijanić, 2018
- ↑ "Biografija Želimira Boravice" by Srećko Kasić Naletilić, 1979
- ↑ "Antologija socrealizma" by Matija Jubić and Vedran Baturek, Naša povist, 2005
- ↑ "Socialist movements in Central Uletha" by Anthony Bears, 1999
- ↑ "Poslidice Travanjske rezolucije na Maliorsku" by Matko Zlarinac, 2011
- ↑ "Demografska povist Maliorske u 20. stoliću" by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ "Sićanje na Marš liberalizacije" by Branka Stambolić, Maliorski povisnik, 1998
- ↑ "Pozitivne i negativne stvari Maliorske obnove - vridilo li je?" on povisniatlas.mo
- ↑ ebc.eg/foundation
- ↑ "Migracije u razdoblju 1975.-2010." by Željko Stanković, 2014
- ↑ "Krhka demokracija dvadesetih" by Lorena Bogojubek, 2012
- ↑ uredspridsidnika.mo/ulogeizadace
- ↑ Ustav Republike Maliorske, ustav.mo
- ↑ The Comparison of Central Ulethan Economies, George Powson, 2015
- ↑ "Analiza uticaja eskadskega gospodarstva na maliorsko" by Nikolovac Economic Heritage Institute, 2017
- ↑ Trgovinska bilanca u 2018., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ Godišnji statistički bilten 2019., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ Anketna stopa nezaposlenosti, sičanjsko izvišće 2021., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ Osnovni statistički podatci, Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ "Porast financijskega sektora u poslidnjih 20 lît" by Tihomir Staničić, 2013
- ↑ "Kojim valutama se najviše trguje na maliorskim burzama?" on financijskapismenost.mo by Zorica Didinko
- ↑ 2019 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Mallyore (in Ingerish)
- ↑ "Rentabilnost i održivost maliorskih autocêst", Građevinski institut Maliorske, 2011
- ↑ The Rails and Railways of the World, Marc LeGrange, 1991
- ↑ mzpp.mo/ozejeznicami
- ↑ "Kralj Krešimir priša magično čislo od 7 mijûn putnîk" on maliorskaavijacija.mo
- ↑ "Maliorske luke na pragu 21. stolića" by Zoran Ječak, 1999
- ↑ Turistički dolasci i noćenja u 2019, Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ "Dvorci i tvrđave Maliorske", Matija Kadies, 1996
- ↑ Godišnji bilten Maliorske turističke zajednice, 2018
- ↑ "Problem kockanja u Maliorskoj - uzroci i rišenja" by Dijana Tomčić-Makin, 2017
- ↑ grandcasinokoehl.mo/povist
- ↑ "Ča vidit i radit na Risku i Glavini" on upoznajmodomovinu.mo by Ilona Bariček, 2018
- ↑ entrio.com/about
- ↑ Turistički dolasci i noćenja u 2019., Mallyorian Statistic Bureau
- ↑ "U koga i ča Maliorani viruju?" on nikolovackivisnik.mo, 2010
- ↑ "Ankete i upitnici o viroispovisti i religiji" by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau, 2014
- ↑ "Maliorski geografski atlas" by National Mallyorian Geographic Society, 1972
- ↑ "Romanica ili velitica - budućnost ili prošlost?" by Tončica Znaor in Jutarnje novine, 19th October 2015
- ↑ maliorskodrustvogluhih.mo/o-nama
- ↑ "Razvoj standardnog maliorskog jezika u 19. stoljeću" by Teuto Stelčić, 1978
- ↑ "Koliko Maliorani govoridu strane jazike?" by Ivančica Danski on zivim.mo
- ↑ zdravstvo.gov.mo/o-ministarstvu
- ↑ gov.mo/proracun-2019
- ↑ "Smrtnost dojenčadi u 2019." by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau
- ↑ "Značaj Maliorskega narodnega preporoda u današnjimi okvirimi" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1981
- ↑ uhs.org/members/mallyore
- ↑ ilgbtq.org/2018-data
- ↑ "Urbana arhitektura Sridišnje Ulete" by Zdenko Zdilar, 1999
- ↑ "Pismenost u Maliorân, 1.dio" by Nenad Faar, Znanje, 1992
- ↑ "Velikani maliorske književnosti" on citamoknjigu.mo
- ↑ "Narodna glazba kroz vikove" by Rastislav Majurek, 1981
- ↑ "Atlas maliorskih velikân" by Mallyorian History Institute
- ↑ "Maliorsko višeglasno pivanje od 12. stolića do danas" by Jubica Derenčik, 1978
- ↑ malphilharm.mo/onama
- ↑ "Ča se sluša u Banavskemu Brodu" on banavski.mo by Ivana Znaić, 2018
- ↑ "Povist kazališća i glume" by Anamari Dešić, 1992
- ↑ "Uzlet lutkarskega i uličnega kazališća" by Gorjan Amaćin, Kazališni vinac, April 2014
- ↑ "Napriduje li maliorska kinematografija?" on svitdanas.mo by Ida Bilančić
References
Template:Members of E8 Template:Members of UA Template:Navbox Countries of the World
- ↑ Official name of the realm in period 1153-1799 was Kingdom of Escadia and Mallyore, often shortened as Escadian-Mallyorian Kingdom or just Escadia