User:Geoboi/Sandbox/Yerevi: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
!colspan="3" | Qamaric Script
! colspan="4" | Qamaric Script
!Faye
!Faye
!IPA
!IPA
!
! colspan="4" | Qamaric Script
!colspan="3" | Qamaric Script
!Faye
!Faye
!IPA
!IPA
|-
|-
|'''ᠠ'''
!'''ᠠ'''
|
|ᠠ᠊
|
|᠊ᠠ᠊
|᠊ᠠ
|A a
|A a
|[ä]
|[ä]
|
!ᠪ
|ᠪ
|ᠪ᠊
|
|᠊ᠪ᠊
|
|᠊ᡋ
|B b
|B b
|[b]
|[b]
|-
|-
|'''ᠡᡃᠠ'''
!'''ᠡᡃᠠ'''
|ᠡᡃᠠ᠊
|᠊ᡃᠠ᠊
|᠊ᡃᠠ᠊
|᠊ᡃᠠ
|᠊ᡃᠠ
|Ȧ ȧ
|Ȧ ȧ
|[ʌ]
|[ʌ]
|
!'''ᠮ'''
|'''ᠮ'''  
|ᠮ᠊
|᠊ᠮ᠊
|᠊ᠮ᠊
|᠊ᠮ
|᠊ᠮ
Line 360: Line 361:
|[m]
|[m]
|-
|-
|'''ᠡᡝ'''
!'''ᠡᡝ'''
|
|ᠡᡝ᠊
|
|᠊ᡝ᠊
|᠊ᡝ
|E e
|E e
|[e]
|[e]
|
!'''ᠯ'''
|'''ᠯ'''
|ᠯ᠊
|᠊ᠯ᠊
|᠊ᠯ᠊
|᠊ᠯ
|᠊ᠯ
Line 372: Line 374:
|[l]
|[l]
|-
|-
|'''ᠢ'''
!'''ᠢ'''
|ᡕ᠊
|᠊ᢈ᠋᠊
|᠊ᢈ᠋᠊
|
|᠊ᠢ
|I i
|I i
|[i]
|[i]
|
!'''ᠲ'''
|'''ᠲ'''
|ᠲ᠊
|
|᠊ᡨ᠌᠊
|
|᠊ᡨ
|T t
|T t
|[t]
|[t]
|-
|-
|'''ᠣ'''
!'''ᠣ'''
|ᠣ᠊
|᠊ᠣ᠊
|᠊ᠣ᠊
|᠊ᠣ᠋ ᠊ᠣ
|᠊ᠣ᠋ ᠊ᠣ
|O o
|O o
|[ɔ]
|[ɔ]
|
!'''ᡩ'''
|'''ᡩ'''
|ᡩ᠊
|᠊ᡃᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠌᠊
|᠊ᡃᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠌᠊
|᠊ᡨ
|᠊ᡨ
Line 396: Line 400:
|[d]
|[d]
|-
|-
|'''ᡠ'''
!'''ᡠ'''
|ᡠ᠊
|᠊ᡠ᠊
|᠊ᡠ᠊
|᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡠ
|᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡠ
|U u
|U u
|[ʊ]
|[ʊ]
|
!'''ᡔ'''
|'''ᡔ'''
|ᡔ᠊
|
|᠊ᡔ
|
|
|ts
|ts
|[ts]
|[ts]
|-
|-
|'''ᠨ'''
!'''ᠨ'''
|ᠨ᠊
|᠊ᠨ᠊
|᠊ᠨ᠊
|᠊ᠨ᠌
|᠊ᠨ᠌
|N n
|N n
|[n]
|[n]
|
!'''ᢣ'''
|'''ᢣ'''
|ᢣ
|᠊ᢣ᠊
|᠊ᢣ᠊
|
|
Line 420: Line 426:
|[ʈʂ]
|[ʈʂ]
|-
|-
|'''ᢊ'''
!'''ᢊ'''
|ᢊ᠊
|᠊ᢊ᠋᠊
|᠊ᢊ᠋᠊
|᠊ᢊ
|᠊ᢊ
|Ꞑ ꞑ
|Ꞑ ꞑ
|[ŋ]
|[ŋ]
|
!'''ᢋ'''
|'''ᢋ'''
|ᢋ᠊
|
|᠊ᢋ᠊
|
|
|J j
|J j
|[ɖʐ]
|[ɖʐ]
|-
|-
|'''ᠬ'''
!'''ᠬ'''
|ᠬ᠊
|᠊ᠬ᠊
|᠊ᠬ᠊
|᠊ᠬ
|᠊ᠬ
|K k
|K k
|[k~q]
|[k~q]
|
!'''ᡪ'''
|'''ᡪ'''
|ᡶ᠋᠊
|
|᠊ᡶ᠋᠊
|
|᠊ᡶ᠋ᢈ᠋ ᠊ᡪ
|Ẓ ẓ
|Ẓ ẓ
|[ʐ]
|[ʐ]
|-
|-
|'''ᠭ'''
!'''ᠭ'''
|
|ᠭ᠊
|
|᠊ᠭ᠊
|᠊ᡴ
|G g
|G g
|[ɡ~ɢ]
|[ɡ~ɢ]
|
!'''ᠶ'''
|'''ᠶ'''
|ᠶ᠊
|
|᠊ᠶ᠊
|
|᠊ᠷ
|R r
|R r
|[ɾ]
|[ɾ]
|-
|-
|'''ᡸ'''
!'''ᡸ'''
|
ᢢ
|
|ᡸ᠊
ᢢ᠊
|᠊ᡸ᠊
 
᠊ᡴ᠍᠊
|᠊ᡸ
 
᠊ᡴ᠌
|Q q
|Q q
|[ɣ]
|[ɣ]
|
!'''ᡄ'''
|'''ᡄ'''
|ᡄ᠊
|᠊ᡄ᠊
|᠊ᡄ᠊
|᠊ᡄ
|᠊ᡄ
Line 468: Line 484:
|[s]
|[s]
|-
|-
|'''ᠴ'''
!'''ᠴ'''
|
|ᠴ᠊
|᠊ᠴ᠊
|
|
|H h
|H h
|[h]
|[h]
|
!'''ᠽ'''
|'''ᠽ'''
|ᠽ᠊
|
|᠊ᠽ᠊
|
|
|Z z
|Z z
|[z]
|[z]
|-
|-
|'''ᢉ'''
!'''ᢉ'''
|ᠬ᠋᠊
|᠊ᡴ᠌᠊
|᠊ᡴ᠌᠊
|
|
|Ḥ ḥ
|Ḥ ḥ
|[ħ]
|[ħ]
|
!'''ᡕ'''
|'''ᡕ'''
|ᡕ᠊
|᠊ᢈ᠋᠊
|᠊ᢈ᠋᠊
|᠊ᡕ
|᠊ᡕ
Line 492: Line 510:
|[j]
|[j]
|-
|-
|'''ᡦ'''
!'''ᡦ'''
|
|ᡦ᠊
|᠊ᡦ᠊
|
|
|P p
|P p
|[p]
|[p]
|
!'''ᢗ'''
|'''ᢗ'''
|ᢗ᠊
|᠊ᢗ᠊
|᠊ᢗ᠊
|᠊ᢗ
|᠊ᢗ
Line 504: Line 523:
|[ȷ̊]
|[ȷ̊]
|-
|-
|'''ᠹ'''
!'''ᠹ'''
|ᠹ᠊
|᠊ᠹ᠊
|᠊ᠹ᠊
|᠊ᠹ
|᠊ᠹ
|F f
|F f
|[ɸ]
|[ɸ]
|
!'''ᡐ'''
|'''ᡐ'''
|ᡐ᠊
|᠊ᡐ᠊
|᠊ᡐ᠊
|᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡏ
|᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡏ
Line 587: Line 607:
===Diaspora===
===Diaspora===
Outside of Leresso, Yerevi is rarely learned by those not a part of the Yerevi Diaspora community.  In fact, the language is so concentrated within the country that dialects rarely vary from the standard language more than sound shifts.
Outside of Leresso, Yerevi is rarely learned by those not a part of the Yerevi Diaspora community.  In fact, the language is so concentrated within the country that dialects rarely vary from the standard language more than sound shifts.
=== On The Map ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Ingerish
!Yerevi (written)
!Yerevi (Faye)
!Notes
|-
|road, street, etc.
|ᡕᠠᡴ᠌ᠠᡄ
|yaḥas
|Abbreviated to "ᡕᡴ᠌ᡄ"
|-
|port, harbor
|ᠨᢈ᠋ᠴᠠᡔᠠᠹ
|nihatsaf
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}

Latest revision as of 19:51, 20 October 2022

Yerevi
[ʈiləˈsɐ̂ ʔɒ̂ jʉˈɾɛɡ]
Estimated number of speakers11.8 million
Regulating bodyᠭᢈ᠋ᡔᡃᠠᠨᠠᠶᡝᡴ ᢇ᠋ ᡕᡠᠶᡝᠴᠠᠨ᠌ / Gicạnareg ‘A Yẹrehan
Writing System
Qamaric alphabet
Norms of linguistic structure
Noun declensions
CaseGenderNumber
Verb conjugations
AspectMoodNumber
PersonTenseVoice
Adjective declensions
CaseGenderNumber

Overview

Yerevi (ᡩᡠᢊ᠋ᠠᠯ ᡕᡠᡰᡝ᠌ dɯnħəl jɯɾɛ˦ ), romanized as Dẹnḥal Yẹre̒ (Yeré), is a Kadmaric language spoken in and around Leresso. dɨɳəl jɨɾɛ˧˦

Phonology

Vowel chart for Aludresi Yerevi.
Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m

‹ᠮ›

n

‹ᠨ›

ŋ

‹ᢊ›

Plosive p

‹ᡦ›

b

‹ᠪ›

t

‹ᠲ›

d

‹ᡩ›

ʈ

‹ᠻ›

ɖ

‹ᡘ›

k k͈

‹ᠬ› ‹ᡗ›

ɡ

‹ᠭ›

Fricative ɸ

‹ᠹ›

β

‹ᠶ›

s

‹ᡄ›

z

‹ᡅ›

ʂ

‹ᠼ›

ʐ

‹ᠽ›

x

‹ᠰ›

ɣ

‹ᢢ,᠊ᡴ᠍᠊›

ħ

‹ᠬ᠋᠊›

ʕ

‹ᢧ›

h

‹ᠴ›

Affricate t͡s

‹ᡔ›

d͡z

‹ᡪ›

ʈ͡ʂ

‹᠊ᢣ›

ɖ͡ʐ

‹ᢋ›

Approximant l [ɫ]

‹ᠯ›

ȷ̊

‹ᢗ›

j

‹ᡕ›

w

‹ᡏ›

Tap ɾ

‹ᡰ›

Consonants Labial Alveolar Retroflex / Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m ‹ᠮ› n ‹ᠨ› (ɳ) ŋ ‹ᢂ›
Plosive Voiceless p ‹ᡦ› t ‹ᠲ› (ʈ) k ‹ᠬ›
Voiced b ‹ᢂ› d ‹ᡩ› (ɖ) g ‹ᠭ›
Fricative voiceless ɸ ‹ᠹ› s ‹ᡄ› x ‹ᢂ› h ‹ᢂ›
voiced β ‹ᢂ› z ‹ᢂ› ɣ ‹ᢧ›
Affricate voiceless ts ‹ᡔ› ʈʂ ‹ᢣ›
voiced ɖʐ ‹ᢋ›
Approximant voiceless ȷ̊ ‹ᢗ›
voiced (β̞) l ‹ᠯ› j ‹ᡕ› w ‹ᢂ›
Rhotic ɾ ‹ᠶ› (ɽ)


Nouns

Yerevi uses a noun class system.

Tones

Yerevi is a tonal language. Tones are only applied on the last syllable’s vowel. They are not written unless the final syllable ends in a vowel. Each vowel has an implied tone at the end of a word, so it’s easy to figure out what words have which tone. If a word does not end in [m n l w j], the implied tone is neutral (Ø˧). If a word ends in [m l w j], the implied tone depends on the letter. If the vowel is [a ạ], the implied tone is still neutral. If the vowel is [e i], the implied tone is high [˧˦]. If the vowel is [o u ẹ], the implied tone is low [˨˩]. The distinctions are clearer in spoken speech than in written Yerevi, since the writing system is extremely old. IF the word ends in [n], which many do, the [n] sound changes depending on the vowel and implied tone. If the preceding vowel is [o u a ạ], the tone is either neutral or low and the [n] is pronounced [ɳ] and written ᢊ. If the preceding vowel is [e i ẹ], the tone is high and the [n] is pronounced [n] and written ᠊ᠨ᠌.

Writing System

Written Yerevi uses a highly complex alphabetic writing system, with distinct initial, medial, and final forms for each letter. There are several exceptions to various final forms of vowels based on the preceding consonant, where the supposed orthographic tone is ignored in favor of a neutral tone.

VOWELS Aa
/ɑ/ 		Ạạ
/ə/ 		Ee
/ɛ/ 		Ẹẹ
/ɯ/ 		Ii
/i/
 Oo
/o/
 Uu
/u/
Isolated ᠠ ᠠᡃ ᡝ ᡠ ᢈ ᠣ ᡇ
Initial ᠠ᠊ ᠠᡃ᠊ ᠡᡝ᠊ ᡠ᠊ ᠡᢈ᠋᠊ ᠣ᠊ ᡇ᠊
Medial ᠊ᠠ᠊ ᠊ᡃᠠ᠊ ᠊ᡝ᠊ ᠊ᡠ᠊ ᠊ᢈ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠣ᠊ ᠊ᡇ᠊
Final High Tone [˧˦] ᠊ᠠ
 ᠊ᡃᠠ ᠊ᡝᢈ᠋ ᠊ᡠᢈ᠋ ᠊ᢈ᠋ᢈ᠋ ᠊ᠣᢈ᠋ ᠊ᡇᢈ᠋
Neutral [˧] ᠊ᡝ ᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡆ ᠊ᡈ
Low Tone [˧˨] ᠊ᡝ᠌ ᠊ᡠ ᠊ᢈ ᠊ᠣ ᠊ᡇ


In addition to the Qamaric script, there also exists a Romanish alphabet used for transliteration, known as the Faye Romanization System.

Qamaric Script Faye IPA Qamaric Script Faye IPA
ᠠ ᠠ᠊ ᠊ᠠ᠊ ᠊ᠠ A a [ä] ᠪ ᠪ᠊ ᠊ᠪ᠊ ᠊ᡋ B b [b]
ᠡᡃᠠ ᠡᡃᠠ᠊ ᠊ᡃᠠ᠊ ᠊ᡃᠠ Ȧ ȧ [ʌ] ᠮ ᠮ᠊ ᠊ᠮ᠊ ᠊ᠮ M m [m]
ᠡᡝ ᠡᡝ᠊ ᠊ᡝ᠊ ᠊ᡝ E e [e] ᠯ ᠯ᠊ ᠊ᠯ᠊ ᠊ᠯ L l [l]
ᠢ ᡕ᠊ ᠊ᢈ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠢ I i [i] ᠲ ᠲ᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ T t [t]
ᠣ ᠣ᠊ ᠊ᠣ᠊ ᠊ᠣ᠋ ᠊ᠣ O o [ɔ] ᡩ ᡩ᠊ ᠊ᡃᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ D d [d]
ᡠ ᡠ᠊ ᠊ᡠ᠊ ᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡠ U u [ʊ] ᡔ ᡔ᠊ ᠊ᡔ ts [ts]
ᠨ ᠨ᠊ ᠊ᠨ᠊ ᠊ᠨ᠌ N n [n] ᢣ ᢣ ᠊ᢣ᠊ ch [ʈʂ]
ᢊ ᢊ᠊ ᠊ᢊ᠋᠊ ᠊ᢊ Ꞑ ꞑ [ŋ] ᢋ ᢋ᠊ ᠊ᢋ᠊ J j [ɖʐ]
ᠬ ᠬ᠊ ᠊ᠬ᠊ ᠊ᠬ K k [k~q] ᡪ ᡶ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡶ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡶ᠋ᢈ᠋ ᠊ᡪ Ẓ ẓ [ʐ]
ᠭ ᠭ᠊ ᠊ᠭ᠊ ᠊ᡴ G g [ɡ~ɢ] ᠶ ᠶ᠊ ᠊ᠶ᠊ ᠊ᠷ R r [ɾ]
ᡸ

ᢢ

ᡸ᠊

ᢢ᠊

᠊ᡸ᠊

᠊ᡴ᠍᠊

᠊ᡸ

᠊ᡴ᠌

Q q [ɣ] ᡄ ᡄ᠊ ᠊ᡄ᠊ ᠊ᡄ S s [s]
ᠴ ᠴ᠊ ᠊ᠴ᠊ H h [h] ᠽ ᠽ᠊ ᠊ᠽ᠊ Z z [z]
ᢉ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡴ᠌᠊ Ḥ ḥ [ħ] ᡕ ᡕ᠊ ᠊ᢈ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡕ Y y [j]
ᡦ ᡦ᠊ ᠊ᡦ᠊ P p [p] ᢗ ᢗ᠊ ᠊ᢗ᠊ ᠊ᢗ 'Y 'y [ȷ̊]
ᠹ ᠹ᠊ ᠊ᠹ᠊ ᠊ᠹ F f [ɸ] ᡐ ᡐ᠊ ᠊ᡐ᠊ ᠊ᡠ᠌ ᠊ᡏ W w [w]


ᠰᠠᡸᡨ᠌ᠠᢊ᠋ᠠᠠ ᡶ᠋ᡝᠮᠠ ᠮᠠᠯᢈ᠋ᡴ᠌ᠠᠠ ᡶ᠋ᡝᢊ᠋ᠠᠨ᠌ saqdaꞑa jemac̦ maliḩa jeꞑan

Examples

Ingerish Name Written Yerevi Transcription
[IPA]
Aludres ᠠᠯᡠᡨ᠌ᠶᡝᡄ
Maqanta ᠮᠠᡴ᠍ᡝᠨᡨ᠌ᠠ Maqȧnta
[ˌmä.ɣʌnˈtä]
Layrityan ᠯᠠᢈ᠋ᠶᢈ᠋ᡨ᠌ᢈ᠋ᠠᢊ Layridyaƞ
[lɑɪ̯ɾidjɑ̄ɳ]
Etatono ᠡᡝᡨ᠌ᠠᡨ᠌ᠣᠨ᠌ Etatòn
[ɛt̬ɑt̬òɳ]
Latina ᠯᡃᠠᡨ᠌ᢈ᠋ᠨᠠ Lạtinā
[lət̬ɪnɑ̄]
Iola ᡕᠣᠯᡃᠠ Yolạ́
[jolə́]
Trevers ᠲᡰᡝᠶᡝ᠌ Trevè
[tɾɛʋɛ̀]
Past ᢊᡝᡶ᠋ᡝᢊ᠋ᠠᠠ ᢊᡝᠬᢈ᠋ᠭᡝ

ꞑekige

Perfect present ᡶ᠋ᡝᢊ᠋ᠠᡄ

jeꞑas

ᠬᢈ᠋ᠭᡝᡄ

kiges

Habitual present ᡶ᠋ᡝᢊ᠋ᠠᠨ᠌

jeꞑan

ᠬᢈ᠋ᠭᡝᠨ᠌

kigen

Future ᡶ᠋ᡝᢊ᠋ᡝᡏ

jeꞑạw

ᠬᢈ᠋ᠭᡃᠠᡏ

kigạw

Diaspora

Outside of Leresso, Yerevi is rarely learned by those not a part of the Yerevi Diaspora community. In fact, the language is so concentrated within the country that dialects rarely vary from the standard language more than sound shifts.

On The Map

Ingerish Yerevi (written) Yerevi (Faye) Notes
road, street, etc. ᡕᠠᡴ᠌ᠠᡄ yaḥas Abbreviated to "ᡕᡴ᠌ᡄ"
port, harbor ᠨᢈ᠋ᠴᠠᡔᠠᠹ nihatsaf
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