User:Leowezy/Dictionary
Nouns
Kojoshi | Ingerish 1 | Ingerish 2 | Ingerish 3 | Ingerish 4 | Ingerish 5 | Registry (if not universal) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||||
acchōfu | government | executive | ||||
aekko | draft | sketch | ||||
aenkaiwe | stadium | |||||
aenlai | aircraft | K.I., R.I. | ||||
aentágyu | forest (area) | |||||
aentē | forest | R.I.: forest biotope | ||||
a'éropō | airport | |||||
ajji | next station | |||||
alshokku | breakfast | K.I. | ||||
alshū | morning | |||||
alshūs | morning (archaic) | |||||
altífōwe | archive | |||||
am | rain | |||||
amha | summer | T.I., K.I. | ||||
amrong | castle built on top of a ridge or hill | |||||
ánal | analysis | |||||
arem | sun | |||||
arhazi | first station | |||||
arihang | archery | |||||
ashkal | world | T.I., K.I. | ||||
ashkan | work | service | ||||
ashkínoe | autumn | T.I., K.I. | ||||
assol | union (not labour unions) | |||||
ātsu | coal | |||||
azaggu | nation | |||||
B | ||||||
baélzi | last station | direction of a train | ||||
balgafáchūm | prosperity | control | ||||
bálkon | balcony | |||||
Bánakin | army (military) | |||||
bappoeregwol | proceeding | process | R.I.: provision (clause that offers exception to a law) | K.I., R.I. | ||
buéro | city office/department | |||||
Būmal | equiv. Of a Bachelor's degree | |||||
byoengwe | hospital | |||||
C | ||||||
chai | page | sheet | ||||
champyonsaē | waterway | |||||
cheryu | white | |||||
cho | forest (place names) | |||||
chóntse | opportunity | option to do sth. | R.I. | |||
chúju | fluency | |||||
D | ||||||
Daebi | brother | T.I. | ||||
Dáhano | Administration | |||||
darasushan | age | era | ||||
dattarān | supreme court | |||||
denching | telecommunication | |||||
denkan | telephone box | |||||
densoi | telephone | |||||
dígwansol | diplomatic mission | embassy staff | ||||
do | point | |||||
dómaen | discipline | field of study/work | ||||
duére | executive order | directive | ||||
Dyandoesha | Ingerland | |||||
E | ||||||
efoengzon | quarry | pit | opencast mine | |||
ekkaem | view point on a langluet/on a coast | |||||
éshkim | fencing | |||||
esshae | war | battle | T.I., K.I. | |||
F | ||||||
fan’goel | place of work | |||||
fármasi | pharmacy | T.I., K.I. | ||||
fōbal (lui) | (for) example | |||||
foeton | freight | |||||
Forsamé | armed forces | |||||
fóski | gold | |||||
F | ||||||
gafamdoen | duty | task | function | |||
gangmi | ocean | |||||
gántsu | treasure | |||||
gáronti | guarantee | responsibility for correctness | R.I. | |||
gekkwae | theatre | |||||
Gimbye kōfogótsu | Motorway (in Kojo) | |||||
gipun | science (broad) | |||||
gisshae | K.I.: night | R.I.: time between sunset and sunrise | K.I., R.I. | |||
góbal | allowance | flat-rate | ||||
gōf | golf | |||||
gōsaeidaran | regional court | |||||
gukyaei | property | R.I. | ||||
H | ||||||
hael’yéron | qualification | eligibilty | competence | meeting a required criterion | ||
Hainye | father | K.I. | ||||
hakkāyue | issue | matter | affair | |||
hakke | convention | |||||
halim | leaf | |||||
hāmaeltai | municipality | |||||
han'gara | technology | |||||
hīmchi | basis | fundament | ||||
hipparā | construction site | T.I., K.I. | ||||
hōfi | valley | |||||
hōkengdō | career | |||||
hōsol | job vacancy | empty post | ||||
hún'gō | shipfare | shipping | ||||
hyeng | rail | platform | ||||
hyengmang | railyard | train parking space | ||||
hyengjo | railyard | railway maintenance facility | ||||
I | ||||||
icchisho | arrivals | |||||
icchoetsōno | immigration | |||||
igaengchi | relationship (between countries, companies…) | |||||
ilza | book | |||||
imre | salary | pay (private sector) | wage | |||
indásu | industry | |||||
Ingli | sister | T.I. | ||||
ingyoe | content | |||||
ishkel | control | |||||
J | ||||||
jae | evening | |||||
jaei | land | soil | earth's surface | |||
jaeikol | runway (airfare) | |||||
jaeyosohyoel | land reclamation | |||||
jer | evening (archaic) | |||||
jessu | spring | K.I. | ||||
Jōbunhakke | people's convention (Kojolese parliament) | |||||
ju (jur) | water (T.I.) | drinking water (K.I.) | body of water (T.I.) | sewage or clean pipe water (R.I.) | ||
jugwo | waterworks | sewage treatment plant | ||||
K | ||||||
kábunjowe | stock exchange | |||||
kágaldosim | inner city | |||||
karetaki | stone age | |||||
katu | terrace | |||||
kázen | casern | barracks | ||||
kikai | opportunity | chance | K.I. | |||
koémangchiwe | market hall | |||||
kōfeibunwe | city/town hall | |||||
kógalwe | (tv) studio | |||||
kóha | hut | small house | ||||
kókke | council | |||||
kokkyō | border | |||||
kónfaero | conference | |||||
kóntsuridíso | construction site | site | R.I. | |||
kōuetamolno | deli | R.I. | ||||
kowe | grave (arch.) | burial site (arch.) | ||||
kúriyé | Postal service | |||||
kuttuem | custom (cultural) | |||||
Kwachae | woman | K.I. | ||||
kyakkai | cooperative | cooperation | ||||
kyamulwe | ferry house | |||||
kyanbun | (private) agency | |||||
kyanfā | (national government) agency | |||||
L | ||||||
láfontāsh | advantage | |||||
lánche | insect | R.I. | ||||
lettore | letter | |||||
líchi | lake | |||||
lishi | history | |||||
logishtikku | logistics | |||||
lózipō | sport airfield | leisure airport | ||||
luwa | law | |||||
M | ||||||
mā | human | |||||
maeil | ||||||
maekkisho | departure | |||||
maekkoetsōno | emigration | |||||
Maekkyosil | Prefect | |||||
Maekkyosilfā | Office of the Prefect | |||||
maēro | labyrinth | hedge maze | ||||
Mama | mother | mum | T.I. | |||
man'gwo | power plant | |||||
mankai | competition | |||||
marīchon | training | |||||
Máyol | mother | K.I. | ||||
méishī | deli | T.I., K.I. | ||||
mekí | mosque | |||||
milītaeryu | military | |||||
miren | partner (so. who shares a common interest) | |||||
mítom | part-time job | |||||
moeta | horizon | outlook | T.I., K.I. | |||
N | ||||||
nafahang | harbour | T.I., K.I. | ||||
nagarasha | (university) student | |||||
nain | mountain | |||||
nakkōzi | prior station | |||||
nálnūm | last name (lit.: chosen name) | |||||
néruka | present | |||||
netsū | (river) shore | (river) bank | ||||
nil | well | |||||
noé | node | R.I. | ||||
nomi | map | |||||
O | ||||||
Ochae | man | K.I. | ||||
Óduekin | air force (milit.) | |||||
oezónkai | festival (usually religious) | K.I. | ||||
Ōkarong | equiv. Of a PhD/doctoral degree | |||||
okkong | contract | treaty | R.I. | |||
ómpessha | disabled person | |||||
Ōnagara | University | |||||
oshoeng | public | |||||
osoingamsói | responsibility | |||||
osofaé | cruise | |||||
osofaélai | cruise ship | |||||
osómaei | renumeration | pay-grade (state officials) | ||||
osozal | copy | duplication | T.I., K.I. | |||
otash | display | exhibit | K.I., R.I. | |||
P | ||||||
pacchan | rice (grown in flooded paddies) | |||||
pahanjī | requirement | |||||
Papa | father | dad | T.I. | |||
párfo | perfume | fragrance | ||||
párlekai | parliament (generic term) | |||||
pashkil | foundation | trust | endowment | |||
patsū | proof | |||||
Paushil | navy (milit.) | |||||
pautang | harbour | landing stage | T.I. | |||
payata | shoe | |||||
pecchi | pet | T.I. | ||||
pelgwo | resource | |||||
pitōn | festival | T.I. | ||||
R | ||||||
raén | Queen (historic title in western Kojo | |||||
raito | web application | online-plattform | ||||
rajaen’gyo | strategy | |||||
rakuotashwe | pharmacy | R.I. | ||||
raribawe | water park | swimming pool for playing | ||||
refāgyu | unit inside a ministry | field of expertise inside an organisation | ||||
reggyadum | management | managing | ||||
rénle | bird | |||||
ressoróng | restaurant | |||||
rézo | network | |||||
ríkin | research | |||||
rízai | mind | brain (metaphorically) | T.I., K.I. | |||
rinin | personell | |||||
roélijon | religion | |||||
roen‘giésh | expertise | practically aquired knowledge | ||||
Rōka | equiv. of a (non-consecutive) Master's degree | |||||
S | ||||||
saeffusói | continuation | sequel | ||||
sāmahando | constitution | |||||
senka | subject (at uni) | |||||
senpā | room | chamber | ||||
sēzu | politics | policy (general strategy, not specific law) | ||||
shataei | certificate | |||||
shil | heart | T.I., K.I. | ||||
shínchopō | (Kojolese) constitution | |||||
shíyubi | defense | |||||
shóukai | (trade) fair | |||||
showaeng | property | R.I. | ||||
showugan | museum | |||||
simitachi | cemetery | |||||
sochizággai | overseas | foreign lands | ||||
soelsha | sister | K.I., R.I. | ||||
sogwosoi | surrounding | environment | ||||
solkai | club | chamber | ||||
sul'apétawe | town/city hall | |||||
sulchae | city | town | R.I. | |||
T | ||||||
tácham | flood | |||||
taē | (planet) earth | R.I. | ||||
Taechi | cross | |||||
taechikyō | christianity | christian church (denomination, community) | ||||
taechisūsha | christians | |||||
taedo | cross-section | intersection | ||||
taéte | treaty | contract | K.I. | |||
taigi | sport | |||||
táikomi | hope | good outlook | ||||
tákoechiwe | wholesale | central market | ||||
tanī | family | T.I., K.I. | ||||
tasha | landscape | |||||
tau | K.I., R.I.: daytime | T.I.: day | ||||
tesan | view(point) | sight | perspective | (contentual) standpoint | ||
tokkyaen | town (place names) | |||||
tom | (public transport) ticket | |||||
Tónsae | brother | K.I., R.I. | ||||
tsukikae | replacement | T.I., K.I. | ||||
tsumri | winter | K.I. | ||||
tsungbon | culture | |||||
tsuri | flower | |||||
U | ||||||
uelchae | village | R.I. | ||||
uelfā | service (municipal agency on the regional level) | |||||
uénki | territory | |||||
ufobal | timetable (transportation) | |||||
uimtan | question | inquiri | K.I. | |||
ugóbawe | swimming pool for excercise/sport | |||||
uzam | energy (power network) | |||||
W | ||||||
wamzudamolno | spatial planning | |||||
weiwe | prison | |||||
woke | arm | limb | ||||
wokkwe | elongated building | |||||
wúhakkai | organisation | association | R.I. | |||
Y | ||||||
yaecchu | spring | T.I. | ||||
yaélai | bicycle | T.I., K.I. | ||||
yaesshang’gwol | (job) benefit | bonus | additional perk | |||
yētekel | language | |||||
yilchúmi | interest | concern | need | |||
yinfa | colour | |||||
yultai | (natural) environment | |||||
Z | ||||||
Zangákka | equiv. of a (consecutive) Master's degree | |||||
zan’ne | day (24 hours) | K.I., R.I. | ||||
zaráng | heritage | |||||
zenbawe | spa | onsen | swimming pool for relaxation | |||
zensho | grammar | |||||
zēsayin | (border) customs | |||||
zibbu | department | subsection of a company/public authority | ||||
zika | horse | |||||
zō | victim | T.I., K.I. | ||||
zoggwaran | synagogue | |||||
zueshóukai | (trade) fair |
Verbs
Kojoshi | Ingerish 1 | Ingerish 2 | Ingerish 3 | Ingerish 4 | Ingerish 5 | Registry (if not universal) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||||
amshu | to begin doing something | to take office | K.I., R.I. | |||
amyu | to rain | rain | ||||
anályu | to analyse | |||||
aru | to be | to exist somewhere | K.I. | |||
azelu | to say | to chat | to talk | T.I. | ||
B | ||||||
byoeltsu | to kill | T.I., K.I. | ||||
byumu | to sleep | K.I. | ||||
C | ||||||
chelnu | to offer | to be available | ||||
chuemu | to protext (from sth.) | |||||
D | ||||||
dashu | to plan | |||||
díraeu | to think | to believe | to suppose | to guess | K.I. | |
E | ||||||
elpyaenfu | to lead | to guide | to exercise control over | |||
enkēlu | to fall/die in war | |||||
etadorau | to be committed to sth. | to put effort into sth. | ||||
F | ||||||
fólkaishu | to warmly receive, to welcome | |||||
fuézyadu | to shoot (a gun) | |||||
fúshu | to do | to work on a job (old fashioned) | ||||
G | ||||||
gafaemu | to work on | to treat | K.I. | |||
gyinelu | to buy | T.I. | ||||
gyunyu | to move (permanent, like moving house, shift a chance, change school) | |||||
H | ||||||
hayelu | to fly | |||||
haznuelu | to reach | |||||
I | ||||||
icchalu | to send (in) | |||||
igaengchishu | to relate to sth | to be connected to something | to be relevant for sth. | |||
imkaibu | to coordinate sth. | to collaborate with so. | K.I. | |||
ingamu | to say | to talk | to speak | K.I. | ||
ishu | to hear | |||||
J | ||||||
jijiyaeng'u | to trade | |||||
jottu | to give | T.I. | ||||
K | ||||||
kokkyōshu | to border sth. | |||||
kóntsuru | to build | to carry out construction work | K.I. | |||
ku | to be (descriptive) | T.I., K.I. | ||||
kyabau | to coordinate with so. | |||||
L | ||||||
laébumru | to live | |||||
laébumwe | residence | residential building | ||||
lishi | history | |||||
lusunu | to take a picture | |||||
M | ||||||
maekkafaemu | to develop | |||||
maekkalu | to send (out) | |||||
maekkigyunyu | to move house (non-specific if move to or away from adressant) | to relocate | ||||
marzu | to train | to practice in an organised manner | ||||
mijilinlu | to be interested in sth. | |||||
mishu | to buy | K.I., R.I. | ||||
N | ||||||
nalkyu | to choose | |||||
nambu | to be | to exist somewhere | R.I. | |||
O | ||||||
odamishu | ||||||
odamishu | to sell | K.I. | ||||
oetsōmu | to migrate | |||||
ontérinu | to agree to sth. | to accept sth. | K.I., R.I. | |||
osoaku | to represent | |||||
osoingamu | to be responsible | |||||
otasu | to sell | R.I. | ||||
otazelu | to offer | K.I. | ||||
P | ||||||
pettelchu | to rotate | |||||
pyáfu | to rise | to get up | ||||
pyegifu | to disuse | |||||
R | ||||||
raru | to play | to spend leisure time | ||||
roenglanzu | to spread | to be transmitted (germs etc.) | R.I. | |||
S | ||||||
saeffushu | to continue sth. | to go on with sth. | ||||
settainōku | to make available | to provide | ||||
shárukanyaelu | to protect | to preserve | ||||
shōtalju | to embrace | to appreciate | to encourage | |||
sowenlu | to teach | |||||
soworu | to learn | |||||
T | ||||||
tamtsu | to think (both process and 'to think, that…') | to believe | to ponder | T.I. | ||
tamtsu’u | to think (mind-process, not 'to believe sth.') | to contemplate | K.I. | |||
tuekau | to open sth. (T.I., K.I.) | to open sth. to public use (R.I.) | ||||
toidaebu | to blossom | |||||
U | ||||||
uetau | to eat | |||||
umsolgu | to apply (for a job) | K.I., R.I. | ||||
W | ||||||
wálu | to run | |||||
wámdau | to plan | K.I. | ||||
wesshu | to contact | K.I. | ||||
Y | ||||||
yaeshitteru | to advance sth. | to spread sth. | to promote sth. | |||
yaeshkou | to advance | to rise into | to be promoted | to ascent | ||
yuku | to go | to move by foot | K.I. | |||
Z | ||||||
zoékau | to maintain | to upkeep |
Adjectives
Kojoshi | Ingerish 1 | Ingerish 2 | Ingerish 3 | Ingerish 4 | Ingerish 5 | Registry (if not universal) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||||
aku | south | |||||
anályumfel | analythical | |||||
B | ||||||
bang | low | subordinate | ||||
bojōaeng | proficient | to be skilful at | ||||
C | ||||||
chidoe | physical | material | ||||
choewal | equestrian | K.I., R.I. | ||||
D | ||||||
dehal | difficult | |||||
dōdaeki | regional | |||||
dyong | east | |||||
E | ||||||
émino | outstanding | eminent | R.I. | |||
F | ||||||
fīngal | warm (physical and emotional) | |||||
G | ||||||
gaggwoelbunreisūka | equitable | |||||
genji | local | in a small area | ||||
H | ||||||
haelgyazó | normal | common | usual | |||
haerū | far | distant | ||||
haingbue | available at a low cost | discounted | K.I. | |||
humenyamin | amber | K.I. | ||||
hóti | close | near | ||||
I | ||||||
J | ||||||
jarinum | temporary | K.I. | ||||
jeangba | busy | |||||
K | ||||||
kágal | inner | |||||
kámpō | voluntarily | |||||
kibō | north | |||||
kifaimdōdaeki | stretegic | |||||
komkosa | thematically wide | varied | ||||
kōng | deep | |||||
kyanbue | inhouse | internal | inside an agency/company | |||
L | ||||||
limbē | west | |||||
lomsa | more (countable) | K.I., R.I. | ||||
M | ||||||
maecchaē | great | large | important | K.I. | ||
maéi | beautiful | visually pleasing | K.I. | |||
maelduoen | call for tenderopen bidding | advertisement | ||||
maggitā | nacre-coloured | |||||
mashkal | special | out of the ordinary the way sth. Is (qualitative) | ||||
mijizággai | international | |||||
miryoku | attractive | appealing | K.I. | |||
munchipal | municipal | |||||
N | ||||||
nyū | dark | |||||
O | ||||||
onlain | online | |||||
osují | favourite | |||||
P | ||||||
pacchi | wet (fields, land) | |||||
pai | bright (light) | |||||
pal | brown | |||||
R | ||||||
ralnu | to write | K.I. | ||||
S | ||||||
shim | fast | quick | rapid (K.I.) | T.I., K.I. | ||
shotten | hard | |||||
sochizággai | foreign | of/from a different country | ||||
sumaron | underwater | submarine | R.I. | |||
supaéfi | special | noteworthy | outstanding in importance/size/amount… (quantitative) | |||
T | ||||||
taechikyomsol | christian | |||||
toicho | all (K.I.: very strong emphasis) | T.I., K.I. | ||||
tossal | clear | distinct | pronounced | |||
U | ||||||
uítai | valid (K.I.) | durable until (R.I.) | K.I., R.I. | |||
ungsō | calm | peaceful | T.I., K.I. | |||
W | ||||||
weng | wet | |||||
Y | ||||||
yemen | outer | |||||
Z | ||||||
zággai | national | |||||
zóngmo | important | to be considered | to play an important role | R.I. |
Numerals
Numerals in Kojoshi retain a certain stem, and their ending changes depending on what grammatical purpose they serve. Often these endings look similar to the particle with a similar function, although there are many exceptions and irregularities.
When forming large compound numbers, all numerals stay in their standard form and only the last numeral indicates the grammatical function, with 11 and 12 forming exceptions. Particle clusters have to be avoided with numerals. If for example one wants to say "(the item) on the fifth (rank of the shelf)", the particle ending for ~th and "of" would not merge, but instead the lowest tier of information (here the ordinal ~th part) is conveyed in the ending of the numeral, and the other particles are attached after that in their standard form, forming "hile de". Note that these situations usually only occur when the sentences are extremely shortened and all already mentioned information is omitted, as the long form would be "SHELF so hile RANK de".
Ingerish | Standard name of number itself, counting, money |
Quantifier ("so") 5 dogs, 7 years, 10 degrees |
Ordinal number The 5th row |
Year Usually other time particles following |
Day Day of the month, sim. to ord. number |
-ary primary, secondary, tertiary... |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ara | aso | ale | atali | purímaē | |
2 | yaéra | yaésso | yaére | yaettali | sékondaē | |
3 | yúra | yússo | yúre | yuttali | yússodo | |
4 | chura | chuso | chule | chutari | kwátenaē | |
5 | hira | hizo | hile | hitari | kínaē | |
6 | wera | weso | wele | wetari | sénaē | |
7 | yota | yotso | yose | yōdari | yotsodo | |
8 | utta | uttso | usse | uttari | uttsodo | |
9 | inya | inso | inle | indari | insodo | |
10 | tén | ténso | ténle | tettari | ténsodo | |
11 | tárea | táreso | tárele | táratáli | ||
12 | tyáera | tyáso | tyáre | tyaettari | ||
13 | chén-yúra | chén-yússo | chén-yúre | |||
14 | chén-chura | chén-chuso | chén-chule | |||
20 | yaé-cchén | yaé-cchénso | yaé-cchénle | |||
21 | yaé-cchén-ara | yaé-cchén-aso | yaé-cchén-ale | |||
30 | yúra-cchen | yúra-cchenso | yúra-cchénle | |||
40 | chura-cchen | chura-cchenso | chura-cchénle | |||
100 | tōku | tōkuso | tōkure | |||
123 | tōku-yaé-cchén-yúra | tōku-yaé-cchén-yússo | ||||
1,000 | kau | kazo | kalu | |||
1,123 | Kau-tōku-yaé-cchén-yúra | Kau-tōku-yaé-cchén-yússo | ||||
10,000 | tén-kau | tén-kazo | ||||
126,000 | tōku-yaé-cchén-wera-kau | tōku-yaé-cchén-wera-kazo | ||||
1,000,000 | rifilem | rifilso | rifile |
Time and Date
Months
- Arhash (py)
- Petesh (py)
- Márash (py)
- Chigats (hp)
- Maé (ax)
- Rokkats (hp)
- Hyuli (py)
- Ógus (py)
- Sekkembesh (py)
- Jūgats (hp)
- Nófom (ax)
- Baél (py)
py = pyilser, hp = hopponese, ax = ataraxian ethymology
Days of the week
- Kantau
- Urban / Ūban
Pronouns and Determiners
Pronouns in Kojolese differ depending on the register used. The degree of nuancedness varies depending on the register, and some pronouns have different meanings in different registers despite being spelled and pronounced the same.
I | yaesh |
You (sg.&pl.) | do/dō1 |
He/She | nya/nyā1 |
It | ji/jī1 |
We (inlc.&exl.) | mel |
They | naráng |
- Depending on whether a vowel (long) or consonant (short) is following
I | wádash1 |
You (sg.&pl.) | kigang |
He | alga/al2 |
She | naráng3 |
It | chira/occhira |
We (exlc.) | mel |
We (inlc.) | kigákkodash |
They | kára |
- Till the 20th century it was common to use yaesh instead of wádash in Kēikishi settings when holding inner monologues, e.g. thinking about or speaking to oneself. Today this feature is for the most part only found in literature, idioms and figurative speech such as rhetorical questions.
- Old Pyilser: arka, "king", was the standard to address the rule directly. When the monarchy became unpopular, it became used as a standard pronoun for males.
- Court members betitled Queen Nobunga with plural naráng instead of "she"; it stuck and became the standard polite "she".
I | je |
You(Sg.) | chú |
He | íl |
She | aél |
It | il |
He/She (Gender neutral pers. sg.) | |
One (animate sg., "a person" or animal) | hom |
We (exclusive) | nú |
We (inclusive) | |
You (pl.) | bū |
They (personal) | aelé |
They (personal/animate) | |
They (unambiguous, usually inanimate) | |
You (sg. or pl.) |
- here: ai
- this/these (one here) (pronoun; "I like this"): aile
- this/these (one here) (determiner; "I like this book"): amren
- there: kō
- this/these (one there) (pronoun): kōle
- this/these (one there) (determiner): kol
Affixes
Affixes are used to create compound words with a more nuanced meaning compared to the base word. They can be added after (suffix) or before (prefix) the base word.
Changing word class
To From
|
Verb | Noun | Adjective |
---|---|---|---|
Verb | - | root (sometimes full verb)+-doen/-molno/-sói/-hīchon...: standard nominalisation stem+sha/cha: "doer" |
-u/e/i.mfel (not to be confused with Ingerish -ing or -ed form, usually carries different meaning than equivalent simple noun-modifying clause ("analytical" instead of "analysing") |
Noun | -yu/-shu turns noun into action most commonly associated; actor -> to act To make something <noun>; large array of affixes and prefixes, see below the table ... |
- | -daeki creates common adjective ... ... |
Adjective | to make something <adjective>: -ku/-jaeyu/-yōnshu to become <adjective>: PH. |
-msol creates common noun: liberal<ism> sha/cha a person that is... |
- |
verb root: drop the final syllable
verb stem: drop the final u when preceding consonant can be put at the end of a syllable, otherwise change u to i.
Place names
- -sul common for towns and cities
- -uel common for villages
- -kwen bath, spa town
- -tsūm like -dom in dukedom, kingdom etc
- -chae added to aforementioned suffixes to create the general word for village, city etc.
- -chi market
- -nai rock, mountain
- -gwo valley, side of a mountain slide
- -rū valley, plain between to mountains
Streets
- -daitō large representative boulevard
- sal large representative ring road
- -kesha major arterial road
- -toku collector road
- -tyambun planned street running orthogonal to purposeful axis
- -tyam'mi planned scenic park-avenue, usually with trees and visual axis
- -sol path, old trade route
- -michi common residential street
- -roekka bypass, through-pass
- -tsu narrow alley
- -kal (race) track
- Gúwan square
Qualitative
- zóng(shin)- central (main)
- shi- central (region)
- shad-(vowel) / shadd-(syllable with versatile cons./h, cons. replaced by dd) / sha-(syllables with fixed cons., fixed cons. doubled) far
- dō- regional
- ta- large, big, major, of a different scale
- ko- small, minor
- hakk-/hang/, (-vowel/w->y/y, -consonant) special, out of the ordinary, unusual
- sō-/sōf (-cons., -vowel) ordinary, normal, usual, general
- soém/soémi (-vowel.,-cons.) semi-, half, hybrid
- bol- all, overview
- miji- inter-
- arha- first, starting point (arhazi, arhawe)
- nakkō- prior (nakkōzi, nakkōwe)
- a'-(cons.) / ā-(w, y) / apy-(vowel) next, subsequent(ajji, azi, āwe)
- baélj-(vowel) / baél- last ending point(baélzi, baélwe)
- icch- inwards, impact, to (be) hit, arrivals
- hyoel- to buy, to win for one's side
- ota-/oda- to let go/give away/to loosen
- maekk- outward, to go away/to flee/to depart
- oso- like Ingerish re-, "again" or "back"
- saekk- / sae-(dbl. cons.) to go on, continue, to not end
Noun specifiers and generalizers
- -we generic building, example: hyosilwe, office building; Gēshusamnengwe, Opera house; Yínyuē-Taitaiwe, theatre ...
- -sha creates a profession etc. from a noun or sometimes from a verb: Demomínzu<sha> -> Democracy<crat>
- -saē -fare, as in shipfare, airfare; -layer/-level, as in federal level, surface layer
- -lai -craft as in aircraft, motorcraft
- -ka palace, residency (archaic)
- -kaso research institute
- -zi some type of public transportation, usually rail: Chezi, Norikichezi, Dōzi, Dyanchezi
- -kanú shop
- -díso place, site (construction site etc.)
- -gyu area, site (industrial/commercial area, landuse etc.)
- -gwo plant, as in "power plant", or work, as in "waterworks"