View source for Castellán

{{Infobox country
|coords_zoom = 6
|coords_y = 35.228
|coords_x = 61.677
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Castellan
|native_name            = República de Castellán
|common_name = Castellan
|image_flag = Flag of Castellan.png
|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Castellan.png
|national_anthem = 
|capital = [[Maguériz]]
|largest_city = [[Maguériz]]
|official_languages = [[Castellanese language| Castellanese]] (''Castellanés'')
|regional_languages = [[Aljamic]], [[Astur language|Astur-Lionese]], [[Ocetanic language|Ocetanic]], [[Catanese language|Catanese]], [[Galecian language|Galecian]], [[Garonese language|Garonese]], [[Iskera]], [[Satro-Romance]]
|ethnic_groups = [[Castellanese people|Castellanese]] 89.9%, Others 10.1%
|demonym = [[Castellanese people|Castellanese]] 
|government_type = Federal Constitutional Republic
|leader_title1 = President 
|leader_name1 = [[Eduardo Campos]]
|leader_title2 = Prime Minister
|leader_name2 = [[José Luis Del Valle]]
|leader_title3 = Chancellor of Congress
|leader_name3 = [[Francisco Javier Díaz]]
|leader_title4 = Chief Justice
|leader_name4 = [[María Navas]]
|legislature  = [[Parlamento Nacional (Castellán)|Parlamento Nacional]]
|upper_house = [[Senate]] (Senado)
|lower_house = [[Congress]] (Congreso)
|area_rank = 
|area_magnitude = 
|area = 
|area_km2 = 786.337,43
|area_sq_mi =  303.606,58
|population_estimate =  68.350.240
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_density_km2 = 227.01
|population_density_sq_mi = 587.96
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = $2.334 trillion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2014
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,152 
|GDP_nominal = 
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 
|HDI_year = 2014
|HDI = 0.812
|HDI_change = increase
|currency = Castellanese Peso ''Peso Castellanés''
|currency_code = CPE
|drives_on_the = right
|calling_code = 
|iso3166code = 
|cctld = .cs 
}}

'''Castellan''' ({{IPA en|kæstɛjæn}}; [[Castellanese language|Castellanese]]: ''Castellán'') or Republic of Castellan is a federal constitutional republic in southern [[Uletha]]. '''Castellan''' is bordered to the north and east by the [[Mediterranean Sea]], to the north-west by [[UL4f]], to the west by [[Sathria]], to the southwest by [[Mazan]] , and to the south by the [[Sea of Mojaca]]. Its capital city is [[Maguériz]] located on the Central Plateau of Castellan. Castellan has an area of 786.337,43 km² (303.606,58 mi²) and the population of Castellan reaches TBD million people.

Modern humans first arrived in Plateau of Castellan, next to the Doiro river, around 30,000 years ago. Doiranese, Suebicians, Vascians and Bandals cultures along with ancient Eganian settlements developed on the Castellanese territory, thus they participated in a cultural, economic and political exchange. Around 200 AD, the Kingdom of Casteran was founded uniting all Doiranese peoples. This kingdom was influenced by the trade routes coming from the northwest Uletha adopting the [[Romantian]] as the language of the kingdom. In 500 AD, the Kingdom of Casteran was conquered by Mazanic people. Castellan emerged as a unified country in the 14th century, following the marriage of the ortholic monarchs (Maria I of Taredo and Fernando II of Garonia) and the completion of the centuries-long reconquest of Castellan from the Mazanic kingdom in 1395. In the early modern period, Castellan became one of history's first global colonial empires, leaving a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over TBD million Castellanese speakers, making [[Castellanese language]] the world's second most spoken first language.

Castellan is a democracy organised in the form of parliamentary government under a constitutional republic. It is a member of the [[Assembly of Nations]] (AN), [[Southern Uletha Economic Cooperation Council]] (SUECC), [[Oceanic Treaty Organization]] (OTO), [[Commonwealth of Castilophone Countries]] and other international organisations.
 
=Etymology=
''Castellán'' (named in the first documents in old Castellanese as ''Castella'') means, according to its etymology, ''land of castles''. The term would come from ancient Hellanesian language '''Kástero''', wich means fort. The Hellenesian people named this territory as Kásteran. The native peoples, who inhabited Kásteran (Doiraneses, Suebicians, Iruneses and Bandals), were influenced by Hellanesian peoples and assimilated the Hellanesian language. Doiranese, Suebician and Bandalic aristocratic classes reached an agreement to merge the various kingdoms into one and thus founded the '''Kingdom of Casteran''', the word ''Casteran'' had [[Romantian]] influences also.

=History=
:: ''See also [[Timeline of History of Castellan]]''

'''Doira''' was the prehistoric name of Castellán, lands of Doiro River. In this region of Uletha was populated by several Mojacanian peoples as: Doiraneses, Suebicians, Vascians and Bandals. Around 3th century AD, the [[Kingdom of Casteran]] was founded uniting several peoples: Doiraneses, Suebicians and Bandals. This kingdom was influenced by the Sathrian Empire and peoples of northwestern of Uletha, adopting the  language and the religion. In 6th century, the Kingdom of Casteran was conquered by Mazanic invaders. In Middle Era, in a process that took centuries, the small Ortholic kingdoms in the south and west gradually regained control of the Castellanese territory. The last Mazanic kingdom fell in 1395 by ''Azud The Conqueror'' (Gonzalo De La Cruz). During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Kingdom of Castellán began its expansion to other continents. A global empire began which saw Castellán become the strongest kingdom in Uletha, the leading world power for a time.

Continued wars and other problems eventually led to a diminished status. The Sathrian Empire invasions of Castellán led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire and left the country politically unstable. Castellán suffered a devastating civil war and came under the rule of an authoritarian government, which oversaw a period of stagnation that was followed by a surge in the growth of the economy. Eventually democracy was peacefully restored in the form of a democratic republic.

==Pre-history==
Modern humans first arrived in Castellan, from the north on foot, about 35,000 years ago. The best known artifacts of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the [[Valtarter Caves]] of [[Galecia]], in northwest of Castellan. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that Castellan acted as one of several major refugia from which northwestern Uletha was repopulated following the end of the last ice age. Some tribes migrated from the Egyt Mountains to the south, the valleys of the great rivers like Guadalvir, Obre, Doiro and Terzo were the main destinations.

==Mojacanian Peoples==
During the 10th century BC, Castellan was populated by several Mojacanian peoples as: '''Doiraneses''', '''Suebicians''', '''Vascians''' and '''Bandals'''. 

Also '''Hellanesian''' people came from west and established settlements in west and south of Castellan. Hellanessian had great influence on Doira with the introduction the use of iron, of the pottery, the production of olive oil and wine. They were also responsible for the first forms of Doirans writing, had great religious influence and accelerated urban development.

==Kingdom of Casteran==
In the 1st century BC (138-136 BC), the '''New Ionean Empire''' conquered the west of Castellan and came Doiro's valley and [[Sea of Mojaca]]. The Ionean Empire founded cities as Taredium ([[Taredo]]), Terracunis ([[Terracuna]]). For four centuries the Ionean Empire occupied and established relations with the native peoples who inhabited '''Casteran''' (modern Castellan). Local leaders were admitted into the Ionean aristocratic class. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use, big infrastructures were built to interconnect the most important towns.

The Doiranese, Suebician and Bandalic aristocratic classes reached an agreement to merge the various kingdoms into one and thus founded the [[Kingdom of Casteran]] in 308 AD, its capital was '''Taredium'''. The culture of the Kingdom of Casteran were gradually Romantianised at differing rates in different parts of Casteran. In the 4th century, the Romantian culture came through the '''Southern Trade Route''' that ran between Northwest and Southeast Uletha through the modern Castellan. The Christic religion was also introduced and displaced the old religions that dominated this territory.

In 503 AD the [[Kingdom of Casteran]] was conquered by largely Mazanic armies from South. This conquest dismembered the kingdom into small Christic kingdoms and marked the end of the Kingdom of Casteran. The conquest ended in 518 AD, the Ocetanic king, Dagobert II, conquered Terracuna from Mazanic armies.

==Middle Era==
The ''Middle Era'' was the period from the 11th to 17th centuries. Kingdom of Casteran was conquered (503-518 AD) by largely '''Mazanic''' armies from South. Only a small area in the [[Egyt Mountains]], in the west, and other  area in the north managed to resist the initial invasion. Under '''Sunic Law''' of Mazanic peoples, the Christic and Hebralic people were given the subordinate status of ''Dhimmah'' (historical term referring to non-Sunic citizens of an Sunic state). This status permitted Christic and Hebralic people to practice their religions, but they were required to pay a special tax and had legal and social rights inferior to those of Sunic.

Over time, large Mazanic populations became established, especially in the South, in the '''Central Plateau of Castellan''' between the [[Egyt Montains]] in the west, until the '''Mediterranean Sea''' in the east. '''Cárduva''', the capital of the ''caliphate'' since ''Mu'awiya I'', was the largest, richest and most sophisticated city in southern [[Uletha]]. Mojacanian trade and cultural exchange flourished. Mazanic imported a rich intellectual tradition from the [[Mazan]]. Sunic and Hebralic scholars played an important part in reviving and expanding classical Eganian learning in south-western [[Uletha]]. The Christic cultures of Castellan interacted with Sunic and Hebralic cultures in complex ways, giving the region a distinctive culture. Outside the cities, where the vast majority lived, the land ownership system from Kingdom of Casteran times remained largely intact as Mazanic leaders rarely dispossessed landowners and the introduction of new crops and techniques led to an expansion of agriculture.

The Christic kingdoms was founded, the [[Kingdom of Astura]] in 507 AD, the [[Kingdom of Ocetania]] in 512 AD and the [[Kingdom of Guevarra]] in 518 AD. In 520 AD, the [[Marca Condal]] was founded integrated by [[Comtat de Catània]] and [[Condado de Garonia]].

In the 11th century, the Mazanic holdings fractured into rival ''Tawai kingdoms'', allowing the small Chistic kingdoms the opportunity to greatly enlarge their territories. The '''Reconquest''' was the centuries-long period in which Christic rule was re-established over Castellan. The Reconquest is viewed as beginning with the '''Battle of Aurique''' won by '''Don Euricus''' in 1066 and was concurrent with the period of Mazanic rule on Castellan. The Christic Army is integrated by native locals and people from north-west of [[Uletha]], due to the [[Purgatio Nortia]] or the ''Nortian Clearances'' that were displaced and deported during the Inaran Nations reign of [[Pretany]].

In 1074, '''Lión''' city was conquered by Astur kings on Mazanic army, and in 1087 the [[Kingdom of Galecia]] was founded. In 1093, the Astur king, '''Alonso I''', moved the capital of the kingdom of Astura to Lión, thus founded the [[Kingdom of Lion]]. [[Lión]] was the strongest Christic kingdom for several centuries. In 1179 the first modern parliamentary season in Uletha were hold in [[Lión]] (''Cortes of Lión''). The [[Kingdom of Taredo]], formed from Lionese territory, was its successor as strongest kingdom. The kings and the nobility fought for power and influence in this period.

Mazanic armies had also moved northeast of Castellan but they were defeated by ''Garonese'' and ''Catanese'' forces at the '''Battle of Zagariza''' ([[Garonia]]), in 1071. Later, Garonese and Catanese forces established Christc counties on the northeastern of Castellan. These areas were to grow into the kingdoms of [[Garonia]] and [[Catania]]. For several centuries, the fluctuating frontier between the Mazanic and Christic controlled areas of Castellan was along the Obre valley.

The break-up of [[Al-Wandali]] (Mazanic territory in Castellan) into the competing ''tawai kingdoms'' helped the long embattled Christic kingdoms gain the initiative. The capture of the strategically central city of [[Maguériz]] in 1187 marked a significant shift in the balance of power in favour of the Christic kingdoms. Following a great Mazanic resurgence in the 13th century, the great Sunic strongholds in the south fell to Christic Castellan ([[Cárduva]] in 1226 and [[Sérvila]] in 1232) leaving only the Sunic enclave of [[Aljamia]] as a tributary state in the south-east.

The 13th century also witnessed the '''Crown of Garonia''', centred in north east of Castellan, expand its reach across islands in the [[Sea of Mojaca]] and Mediterranean terrritories  like actual [[Takora]] and [[Lustria]]. Around this time the universities of [[Numanza]] and [[Taredo]] were established. In 1374, the crowns of the Christic kingdoms of Taredo and Garonia were united by the marriage of '''Maria I''' of Taredo and '''Fernando II''' of Garonia. In 1395, the combined forces of Taredo and Garonia, commanded by ''Azud The Conqueror'' (Gonzalo De La Cruz), captured the '''Emirate of Aljamia''', ending the last remnant of Mazanic rule in Castellan. The '''Treaty of Granada''' guaranteed religious tolerance toward Sunic, and although the toleration was only partial, it was not until the beginning of the 17th century, following the ''Revolt of Guajares'', that Sunic were finally expelled.

==Castellanese Empire==
:: ''See also [[Timeline of Castellanese colonial history]]''

In 1374, the crowns of the Christic kingdoms of Taredo and Garonia were united by the marriage of '''Maria I''' of Taredo and '''Fernando II''' of Garonia. In 1395, the combined forces of Taredo and Garonia, commanded by ''Azud The Conqueror'' (Gonzalo De La Cruz), captured the '''Emirate of Aljamia''', ending the last remnant of Mazanic rule in Castellan.

In 1420 '''Viscliths''' are expelled from Castellán for religious heresy. The '''Viscliths''' are invited to settle on the sparsely populated borderlands between [[Schwaldia]] and [[Kalm]] by ''King Richard III of Schwaldia'', and join the proto-florescentian already settled there.

==Modern Era==

=Geography=
'''Castellan''' is bordered to the north and east by the [[Mediterranean Sea]], to the north-west by [[UL4f]], to the west by [[Sathria]], to the southwest by [[Mazan]] , and to the south by the [[Sea of Mojaca]]. Castellan consists of the Central Plateau in the center of the country. In the northwest are the '''[[Egyt Mountains]]''' ([[Castellanese language|Castellanese]]: '''Montes Egíteos''') bordering with [[Sathria]], these contain Castellan's highest point, and in the north are the [[Guevarric Range]] both contain lush forests.

The major rivers of the country like '''Doiro River''', '''Obre River''', '''Guadalavir River''' and '''Terzo River''' form large depressions and deltas.

===Climate===

Castellan's climate ranges from '''arid''' or '''semiarid''' in the southwest, to '''continental''' climate in most of inside the country and '''mountain climate''' in the northwest and in the north to '''Mediterranean climate''' along the coast.

=Politics=

'''Castellán''' is a federal, parliamentary and democratic republic. The Castellanese political system operates under a framework laid out in the Constitution of 1975 (Basic Law). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.

As a result, Castellan is now composed of 19 regions. Each region has its own '''Regional Statute''' and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Nevertheless, the Constitution explicitly states the indivisible unity of the Castellanese nation. The Constitution also specifies that Castellan has no state religion and that all are free to practice and believe as they wish.

===Government===

The '''President''', [[Eduardo Campos]] (22 May 2014–present), is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is elected by the '''Asamblea Federal''', an institution consisting of the members of the Congress and the Senate.

The executive branch consists of a Council of Ministers of Castellán presided over by the '''Prime Minister''', [[José Luis Del Valle]] (14 September 2014-present), nominated and appointed by the Congress following legislative elections.

===Law===

===Administrative Divisions===

====Constituients Regions====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Region Name
! Postal Abbrev.
! Region Capital
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Population
! Density
! Language
|-
|{{C.EL}}
|AJ
|[[Granada]]
|51978.01
|
|
|[[Aljamic]], [[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.AS}}
|AS
|[[Lezaña]]
|10560.27
|
|
|[[Astur language|Astur]], [[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.BA}}
|BA
|[[Sérvila]]
|73520.57
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|[[Betonia]]
|BE
|[[Gormaz]]
|34219.90
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|[[Cantaria]]
|CT
|[[Santillana]]
|8891.88
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.CAT}}
|CA
|[[Barnia]]
|45405.96 
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Catanese language|Catanese]]
|-
|{{C.ED}}
|ED
|[[Valenza]]
|23074.43
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Catanese language|Edetanese]]
|-
|{{C.ES}}
|ES
|[[Badalez]]
|33940.52
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|[[Galecia]]
|GC
|[[Vieira]]
|33738.41
|
|
|[[Galecian language|Galecian]], [[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.GA}}
|GA
|[[Zagariza]]
|67590.86
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Catanese language|Catanese]], [[Garonese langauge|Garonese]]
|-
|[[Guevarra]]
|GV
|[[Astella]]
|10583.32
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Iskera]]
|-
|[[Ilicia]]
|IL
|[[Murica]]
|34219.90
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.AL}}
|LA
|[[Taredo]]
|95014.45
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.LE}}
|LE
|[[Burgado]]
|97334.78
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Astur language|Astur-Legonese]]
|-
|{{C.MA}}
|MA
|[[Maguériz]]
|11579.67
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.IM}}
|IM
|[[Alaior]]
|266.58
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Catanese language|Catanese]]
|-
|{{C.ME}}
|ME
|[[Emérita]]
|37727.33
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.AU}}
|OC
|[[Gaillac]]
|45449.55
|
|
|[[Ocetanic language|Ocetanic]], [[Castellanese]], [[Catanese language|Catanese]]
|-
|[[Oretania]]
|OR
|[[Viana]]
|35032.37
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.IR}} (''Iskadi'')
|IS
|[[Bilbaco]]
|7545.33
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Iskera]]
|-
|[[Vasetania]]
|VA
|[[Pontobre]]
|16946.26 
|
|
|[[Castellanese]]
|-
|{{C.VEL}}
|VE
|[[Carbeyón]]
|28932.94
|
|
|[[Castellanese]], [[Satro-Romance]]
|}

====Overseas Territories ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Capital
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Population
! Density
! Language
|-
|{{San Juan de Castellan}} 
|[[San Juan de Castellán]]
|1.54
|20820
|13519
|[[Castellanese]], [[Ingerish]]
|}

====Provinces and municipalities====

===Foreign relations===

With the advent of democracy in 1974, after the '''May Revolution''' in 1973 against the dictatorial military regime established by Federico Corleón, Castellán reprises diplomatic relations with countries the castilophone countries like [[Ardisphere]], [[Tárrases]], [[Latina]] and [[Balam-Utz]], but also with neighboring countries such as [[Celesto Republic]], [[Mazan]], [[Takora]], [[Jirki]] and [[Sathria]].

As a member of '''OTO''' ([[Oceanic Treaty Organization]]) since 1979, Castellán has established itself as a participant in multilateral international security activities.

In 19?? Castellán enter the [[Southern Uletha Economic Cooperation Council]] ('''SUECC''').

=Demographics=
==Urbanisation==
==Peoples==
==Minority Groups==
==Inmigration==
==Languages==

Castellan is openly multilingual, and the Constitution establishes that the nation will protect "all Castellaneses and the peoples of Castellan in the exercise of human rights, their cultures and traditions, languages and institutions".

[[Castellanese language|Castellanese]] (castellanés) is the official language of the entire country, the constitution also establishes that the other languages will also be official in their respective regions in accordance to their Statutes, their organic regional legislations, and that the "richness of the distinct linguistic modalities of Castellán represents a patrimony which will be the object of special respect and protection."

The other official languages of Castellán, co-official with [[Castellanese language|Castellanese]] are:

*[[Aljamic]] is spoken in North of [[Aljamia]].
*[[Astur language|Astur-Lionese]] is spoken in the Regions of [[Astura]] and [[Lion]].
*[[Ocetanic language|Ocetanic]] is spoken in [[Ocetania]].
*[[Catanese language|Catanase]] is spoken in the Regions of [[Ocetania]], [[Catania]], [[Edetania]] (Edetanese), [[Garonia]] and [[Marioles Islands]].
*[[Galecian language|Galecian]] is spoken in [[Galecia]].
*[[Garonese language|Garonese]] is spoken in [[Garonia]].
*[[Iskera]] is spoken in [[Iskadi]] and [[Guevarra]].
*[[Satro-Romance]] is spoken in [[Velsaquia]].

==Education==

=Economy=
=Religion=


=Culture=

==Literature==

==Art==

==Cinema==

==Music==

==Sport==

===Football===
''Main article: [[Football in Castellan]]''

While varieties of football had been played in Castellan as far back as Kingdom of Doirum times, sport in Castellan has been dominated by [[Football in Castellan|football]] since the early 20th century. '''Deportivo Maguériz''' and '''FC Barnia''' are two of the most successful football clubs in [[Uletha]]. 

The [[Asociación de Fútbol Profesional]] ('''AFP''') has three divisions with 20 clubs in each one. Annually is also played the [[Castellanese Cup]], open to all affiliated clubs.

The [[Federación Castellanesa de Fútbol]] ('''FCF''') is the national governing body, and it organises two Cup competitions (the [[Castellanese Cup]], and the [[Supercup of Castellan]]), and the Castellán national football team.

===Other Sports===

Basketball, tennis, cycling, handball, futsal, motorcycling are also important due to the presence of Castellanese champions in all these disciplines.

==Public holidays and festivals==

=Transportation=
== Roads ==
''Main article: [[National roads in Castellan]]''

There are approximately X kilometres (X mi) of serviceable roadway in Castellán. The '''National road network of Castellan''' is composed  motorways, national roads, regional roads and local roads. The network aims to connect [[Maguériz]] with the major cities and border limits, also the different regions between them.

== Railways ==

=== High-speed rail ===

=== Metro systems ===

== Air travel ==

== Sea travel ==
{{Navbox Countries of the World by Continent}}
[[Category:Castellan]][[Category:Countries in Uletha]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Parliamentary republics]] [[Category:SUECC member states]] [[Category:OTO member states]] [[Category:MPC member states]] [[Category:Castellanese-speaking countries and territories]]‬