User:What3089 and User talk:Geoc3ladus: Difference between pages

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I am the current owner of Sonnenburg, feel free to contact me via Discord (my username is Jake1.7)
Welcome to my talk page!


{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| <strong>Archived Comments</strong>
|-
|
== Image uploads ==
Hello! Thanks for adding your state to the index page and uploading some images. Just as a note, you do need to categorize your images and select the appropriate license when uploading the images. All the directions are listed out on the upload page. If you could take a moment and circle back to them, it would be appreciated. Just edit the pages like you would any article. Also, please do provide the source for the AI-generated flower art. It helps us to keep track of things and ensure that we're following the rules with regard to copyright. Thanks! &mdash; [[User:Alessa|Alessa]] <sub>([[User talk:Alessa|talk]])</sub> 20:21, 18 December 2022 (UTC)
== Images again ==
There is no reason to upload files from Wikimedia Commons to OGF Wiki (in fact it brings only harm to available server space and as such it's forbidden). You can link them directly without uploading the same way as you link files which are uploaded. For that reason I changed the file links (to files uploaded at 3th Dec) to original from Commons and marked the uploaded files for deletion. [[User:Rustem Pasha|Rustem Pasha]] ([[User talk:Rustem Pasha|talk]]) 17:59, 8 December 2023 (UTC)


This is where I test stuff
- Hey there, thanks for letting me know and for fixing the photos for me! Much appreciated! If there's anything else you'd like to let me know, don't hesitate! I will do my best to respond! --[[User:Geoc3ladus|Geoc3ladus]] ([[User talk:Geoc3ladus|talk]]) 21:10, 9 December 2023 (UTC)
 
 
=== IPA key ===
 
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"
! colspan="3" | [[Consonant]]s
|-
! IPA
! Examples
! Ingerish approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>b</big>
| '''b'''eet
| '''''b'''ait''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>d</big>
| '''d'''ak
| '''''d'''uck''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>f</big>
| '''f'''iets
| '''''f'''eats''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>ɣ</big>
| '''g'''aan
| no Ingerish equivalent;
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>h</big>
| '''h'''ad
| ''be'''h'''ind''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>j</big>
| '''j'''as
| '''''y'''ard''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>k</big>
| '''k'''at, '''c'''abaret
| ''s'''k'''i''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>l</big>
| '''l'''and
| '''''l'''and''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>m</big>
| '''m'''ens
| '''''m'''an''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>n</big>
| '''n'''ek
| '''''n'''eck''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>ŋ</big>
| e'''ng''''
| ''lo'''ng''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>p</big>
|'''p'''en ri'''b'''
| ''s'''p'''ort''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>ʁ/ɹ</big>
| '''r'''as
| FSA ingerish ''a'''t'''om'', [[Franquese R]], or (in syllable coda) Ingerish (American) R.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-sok.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''s'''ok}}}}
| between '''''s'''ip'' and '''''sh'''ip'' ([[Voiceless alveolar fricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]]) ({{abbr|N|Northern Standard Dutch}}), '''''s'''ip'' ({{abbr|B|Belgian Standard Dutch}})
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-tak.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''t'''ak}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-had.ogg|{{lang|nl|ha'''d'''}}}}{{efn|name=devoicing}}
| ''s'''t'''op''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-ver.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''v'''er}}}}{{efn|name=voiceless-voiced}}
| '''''v'''ery''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʋ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-wang.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''w'''ang}}}}{{efn|name=w}}
| like a looser '''''v'''ery''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-acht.ogg|{{lang|nl|a'''ch'''t}}}},{{efn|name=voiceless-voiced}} {{Audio|Nl-weg.ogg|{{lang|nl|we'''g'''}}}}{{efn|name=devoicing}}
| ''lo'''ch''''' ([[Scottish English]])
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|z}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-zeep.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''z'''eep}}}}{{efn|name=voiceless-voiced}}
| between '''''z'''one'' and '''''g'''enre'' ([[Voiced alveolar fricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]]) ({{abbr|N|Northern Standard Dutch}}), '''''z'''one'' ({{abbr|B|Belgian Standard Dutch}})
|-
! colspan="3" | Marginal consonants
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-tientje.ogg|{{lang|nl|tien'''tj'''e}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-check.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''ch'''eck}}}}{{efn|name=palatal}}
| '''''ch'''eer''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-goal.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''g'''oal}}}}{{efn|name=g}}
| '''''g'''oal''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d͡ʑ}}</big>
| {{lang|nl|'''G'''iovanni}}{{efn|name=palatal}}
| '''''j'''eep''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɱ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-omvallen.ogg|{{lang|nl|o'''m'''vallen}}}}
| ''sy'''m'''phony''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-oranje.ogg|{{lang|nl|ora'''nj'''e}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-Trijntje.ogg|{{lang|nl|Trij'''n'''tje}}}}{{efn|name=palatal}}
| somewhat like ''ca'''ny'''on''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɕ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-sjabloon.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''sj'''abloon}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-chef.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''ch'''ef}}}}{{efn|name=palatal}}
| '''''sh'''ip''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʑ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-jury.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''j'''ury}}}}{{efn|name=voiceless-voiced}}{{efn|name=palatal}}
| '''''g'''enre''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʔ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-beëindig.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''eë'''indig}}}} {{IPA|[bəˈʔɛindəx]}},<br/>{{lang|nl|[[Trijntje Oosterhuis|Trijntj'''e Oo'''sterhuis]]}}<br/>{{IPA|[-ə ˈʔoː-]}}{{efn|name=glottal stop}}
| [[glottal stop|catch]] in ''uh'''-'''oh!''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | {{Audio|Nl-voorkomen1.ogg|{{lang|nl|v<u>oo</u>rkomen}}}}<br>{{Audio|Nl-voorkomen2.ogg|{{lang|nl|voork<u>o</u>men}}}}
| rowspan="2" | as in ''commandeer''<br>{{IPA|/ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ˌ}}</big>
|-
! colspan="3" | Other representations
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|( )}}</big>
| {{lang|nl|make'''n'''}} {{IPA|[ˈmaːkə(n)]}}<br/>{{lang|nl|zelf}} {{IPA|[zɛl(ə)f]}}
| Optional sound{{efn|name=optional sounds|After the schwa, the final {{IPA|/n/}} is frequently elided, so that ''maken'' is often pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmaːkə]}}, especially in non-prevocalic environments. The nasal may be retained before vowels, yielding a linking {{IPA|/n/}}. An intrusive {{IPA|/n/}} may also occur, as in the phrase ''red je 't?'' {{IPA|[ˈrɛcənət]}}. In stems ending in {{IPA|/ən/}} (such as ''teken'' {{IPA|[ˈteːkən]}} 'I draw') and in the indefinite article ''een'' {{IPA|/ən/}} the nasal is always retained, except when it is degeminated, but when an additional {{IPA|/ən/}} is added to the stem (yielding the infinitive form or the present tense plural form), it behaves regularly, as in ''tekenen'' {{IPA|[ˈteːkənə(n)]}} 'to draw' or 'we/you/they draw'. Furthermore, an epenthetic schwa can be inserted between {{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}} and {{IPA|/m, p, k, f, x/}} (in the case of {{IPA|/r/}} alone also {{IPA|/n/}}) within the same morpheme. This is found in all types of Dutch, standard or otherwise. However, in Standard Dutch, it is limited to non-prevocalic clusters. In dialects, it can be generalized to all environments and it can also apply to the sequence {{IPA|/rɣ/}}, so that ''morgen'' 'morning', pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmɔrɣə(n)]}} in Standard Dutch, is pronounced {{IPA|[ˈmɔrəɣə(n)]}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=197, 201, 216–7}}}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"
! colspan="3" | [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA
! Examples
! Ingerish approximation
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Checked and free vowels|Checked vowels]]{{efn|name=checked free}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-bad.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''a'''d}}}}
| ''f'''a'''ther'', but rather short
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-bed.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''e'''d}}}}
| ''b'''e'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɪ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-vis.ogg|{{lang|nl|v'''i'''s}}}}
| ''s'''i'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-bot.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''o'''t}}}}
| '''''o'''ff''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɵ|ʏ}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-hut.ogg|{{lang|nl|h'''u'''t}}}}
| roughly like ''n'''ur'''se''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Checked and free vowels|Free vowels]] and [[diphthong]]s{{efn|name=checked free}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|aː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-aap.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''aa'''p}}}}
| British ''l'''a'''d'', but long
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-beet.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''ee'''t}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-ezel.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''e'''zel}}}}{{efn|name=mid vowels|For most speakers of Netherlandic Standard Dutch, the long close-mid vowels {{IPAslink|eː}}, {{IPAslink|øː}} and {{IPAslink|oː}} are realised as slightly closing diphthongs {{IPA|[eɪ]}}, {{IPA|[øʏ]}} and {{IPA|[oʊ]}}, unless they precede {{IPA|/r/}} within the same syllable.{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1999|p=76}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=133–4}} The closing diphthongs also appear in certain Belgian dialects, e.g. the one of [[Bruges]], but not in Belgian Standard Dutch. See [[Dutch phonology#Monophthongs]] for more details.}}
| American ''m'''ay''''' ({{abbr|N|Northern Standard Dutch}}), Scottish ''m'''ay''''' ({{abbr|B|Belgian Standard Dutch}})
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-de.ogg|{{lang|nl|d'''e'''}}}}
| '''''a'''gain''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-diep.ogg|{{lang|nl|d'''ie'''p}}}}
| ''d'''ee'''p''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|oː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-boot.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''oo'''t}}}}{{efn|name=mid vowels}}
| American ''g'''o''''' ({{abbr|N|Northern Standard Dutch}}), ''st'''o'''ry'' ({{abbr|B|Belgian Standard Dutch}})
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-fuut.ogg|{{lang|nl|f'''uu'''t}}}}
| roughly like ''f'''ew'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|øː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-neus.ogg|{{lang|nl|n'''eu'''s}}}}{{efn|name=mid vowels}}
| roughly like ''f'''ur'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-hoed.ogg|{{lang|nl|h'''oe'''d}}}}
| roughly like ''c'''oo'''l''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɑi}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-ai.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''ai'''}}}}
| ''pr'''i'''ce''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|aːi}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-draai.ogg|{{lang|nl|dr'''aai'''}}}}
| ''pr'''i'''ze''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ʌu}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-jou.ogg|{{lang|nl|j'''ou'''}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-dauw.ogg|{{lang|nl|d'''auw'''}}}}
| '''''ou'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɛi}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-bijt.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''ij'''t}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-ei.ogg|{{lang|nl|'''ei'''}}}}
| roughly like Australian ''m'''ay'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|eːu}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-sneeuw.ogg|{{lang|nl|sn'''eeuw'''}}}}
| j'''ayw'''alk
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|iu}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-nieuw.ogg|{{lang|nl|n'''ieuw'''}}}}
| '''''ew'''!''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɔi}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-hoi.ogg|{{lang|nl|h'''oi'''}}}}
| ''ch'''oi'''ce''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|oːi}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-nooit.ogg|{{lang|nl|n'''ooi'''t}}}}
| ''b'''oy'''s''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|œy}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-buit.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''ui'''t}}}}
| roughly like Canadian '''''i'''ce''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ui}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-groei.ogg|{{lang|nl|gr'''oei'''}}}}
| ''g'''ooey'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|yu}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-duw.ogg|{{lang|nl|d'''uw'''}}}}
| Roughly like Received Pronunciation ''t'''oo'''''
|-
! colspan="3" | Marginal vowels
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-scène.ogg|{{lang|nl|sc'''è'''ne}}}}{{efn|name=open-mid front}}
| ''squ'''are''''' ([[British English]])
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|iː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-analyse.ogg|{{lang|nl|anal'''y'''se}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-dier.ogg|{{lang|nl|d'''ie'''r}}}}{{efn|name=pre-r}}
| ''wh'''ee'''ze''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-roze.ogg|{{lang|nl|r'''o'''ze}}}}{{efn|name=non-native vowels}}{{efn|name=open-mid back}}
| ''th'''ough'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|œː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-freule.ogg|{{lang|nl|fr'''eu'''le}}}}{{efn|name=non-native vowels}}
| roughly like ''f'''ur'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|uː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-cruise.ogg|{{lang|nl|cr'''ui'''se}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-boer.ogg|{{lang|nl|b'''oe'''r}}}}{{efn|name=pre-r}}
| ''r'''u'''le''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|yː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-centrifuge.ogg|{{lang|nl|centrif'''u'''ge}}}}, {{Audio|Nl-kuur.ogg|{{lang|nl|k'''uu'''r}}}}{{efn|name=pre-r}}
| roughly like ''f'''u'''gue''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɑ̃ː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-genre.ogg|{{lang|nl|g'''en'''re}}}}{{efn|name=non-native vowels}}
| roughly like ''croiss'''an'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɛ̃ː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-hautain.ogg|{{lang|nl|haut'''ain'''}}}}{{efn|name=non-native vowels}}
| roughly like ''doy'''en'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɔ̃ː}}</big>
| {{Audio|Nl-chanson.ogg|{{lang|nl|chans'''on'''}}}}{{efn|name=non-native vowels}}
| roughly like ''m'''on'''tage''
|}
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 20:37, 1 March 2024

Welcome to my talk page!

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