Kara: Difference between revisions
Anonymous21 (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Anonymous21 (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
Kara has a mixed temperate climate. The southern coast and Tebbjet River valley are particularly temperate, while the northern states are characterized by an alpine mountain climate. | Kara has a mixed temperate climate. The southern coast and Tebbjet River valley are particularly temperate, while the northern states are characterized by an alpine mountain climate. | ||
==History== | |||
Prior to the formation of the republic, Kara existed as five separate kingdoms. | |||
===Kårskät=== | |||
The Kingdom of Kårskät was a country that made up much of what is now southern coastal Kara, and it contained Kara City, which is now the capital. The kingdom was officially founded in 1309 by Eryk Johansson af Kåra when he declared himself king over the Duchy of Kara, which was founded by his grandfather, a Lord Birjer of Kara, 50 years prior. Within its first few centuries, the kingdom grew in size through conquest and treaty. Karskat was ruled by monarchs until unification into Kara in 1934; from 1782 to 1934 the monarch was limited by a constitution and eventually a parliament. | |||
====Monarchs ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|+Monarchs of Karskat, 1309-1934 | |||
! rowspan="2" |# | |||
! colspan="2" |Reign | |||
! rowspan="2" | Regnal Name | |||
! rowspan="2" |Birth & Death | |||
! rowspan="2" |Photo | |||
! rowspan="2" |Consort(s) | |||
|- | |||
!Years | |||
!Length | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|1309 - 1330 | |||
|19 yrs. | |||
|Eryk I | |||
|1272 - 1330 | |||
|[[File:ErykI.jpg|200x200px]] | |||
|Äddet Birjersdytter | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|1330 - 1354 | |||
|24 yrs. | |||
|Hans I | |||
|1309 - 1354 | |||
|[[File:HansI.jpg|200x200px]] | |||
|Sara Söfje Haskfryrsdytter | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|1354 - 1380 | |||
|26 yrs. | |||
|Birjer II<ref>When declaring himself king, Eryk posthumously crowned his grandfather and father as Birjer I and Johan I, respectively, and so the first living monarchs named Birjer and Johan ruled as Birjer II and Johan II.</ref> | |||
|1336 - 1380 | |||
| | |||
|Mari Svänsdytter | |||
Johánne Jöhansdytter | |||
|- | |||
|4 | |||
|1380 - 1386 | |||
|6 yrs. | |||
|Birjer III | |||
|1365 - 1386 | |||
| | |||
|N/A | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|1386 - 1388 | |||
|2 yrs. | |||
|Eryk II | |||
|1372 - 1388 | |||
| | |||
|N/A | |||
|- | |||
|6 | |||
|1388 - 1402 | |||
|14 yrs. | |||
|Haskfryr I | |||
|1342 - 1402 | |||
| | |||
|Kiri Byrman | |||
Johánne Jöhansdytter | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|1402 - 1414 | |||
|12 yrs. | |||
|Johánnes I | |||
|1374 - 1414 | |||
| | |||
|Anna Kꝏvrœ | |||
|- | |||
|8 | |||
|1414 - 1422 | |||
|8 yrs. | |||
|Birjer IV | |||
|1406 - 1422 | |||
| | |||
|N/A | |||
|- | |||
|9 | |||
|1422 - 1425 | |||
|3 yrs. | |||
|Kiri I | |||
|1412 - 1425 | |||
| | |||
| N/A | |||
|- | |||
|10 | |||
|1425 - 1440 | |||
|15 yrs. | |||
|Jönas I | |||
|1383 - 1440 | |||
| | |||
|N/A | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|1440 - 1458 | |||
|18 yrs. | |||
|Johánne I | |||
|1393 - 1458 | |||
| | |||
|Öskar Jösefsson | |||
|- | |||
|12 | |||
|1458 - 1486 | |||
|28 yrs. | |||
|Jösef I | |||
|1430 - 1486 | |||
| | |||
|Svän Byrman<ref>While same-sex marriages were not allowed at this time, unmarried but long-term same-sex partners (like Jösef and Svän) were usually accepted as being a valid (although less "important" than a marriage) relationship, especially for royalty and nobility. In fact, in some wealthy families, same-sex partners could even adopt children, as did Jösef and Svän with their son, King Kristaf I.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|1486 - 1515 | |||
|29 yrs. | |||
|Kristaf I | |||
|1457 - 1515 | |||
| | |||
|Sara Lisa Svänsdytter | |||
|- | |||
|14 | |||
|1515 - 1530 | |||
|15 yrs. | |||
|Sara I | |||
|1486 - 1530 | |||
| | |||
|Franz Oskar Byrkamp | |||
|- | |||
|15 | |||
|1530 - 1540 | |||
|10 yrs. | |||
|Johánne II | |||
|1513 - 1540 | |||
| | |||
| Ande Svänsson | |||
|- | |||
|16 | |||
|1540 - 1570 | |||
|30 yrs. | |||
|Haskfryr II | |||
|1521 - 1570 | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Government and Politics== | ==Government and Politics== | ||
===Administrative Divisions === | ===Administrative Divisions=== | ||
{{Infobox admin div|name=Kara|first-level=17 länär (''states'')|second-level=151 kommunär (''municipalities'')}} | {{Infobox admin div|name=Kara|first-level=17 länär (''states'')|second-level=151 kommunär (''municipalities'')}} | ||
Line 23: | Line 173: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! colspan="2" |State | ! colspan="2" | State | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan="2" |Municipalities | ! colspan="2" |Municipalities | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Name (Native Name) | !Name (Native Name) | ||
! Capital | !Capital | ||
!Area (km<sup>2</sup>) | !Area (km<sup>2</sup>) | ||
!Names | !Names | ||
! # in State | !# in State | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Bjergdals Län | |Bjergdals Län | ||
Line 47: | Line 197: | ||
|Johansbergs Kommun | |Johansbergs Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kärrstads Kommun | | Kärrstads Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kyrillebjörgs Kommun | | Kyrillebjörgs Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Nådensteds Kommun | |Nådensteds Kommun | ||
Line 58: | Line 208: | ||
|Fjäjstelstad | |Fjäjstelstad | ||
|1,587.68 | |1,587.68 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
Line 119: | Line 269: | ||
|Jonsrᵫds Komꝏn | |Jonsrᵫds Komꝏn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Katrinshems Komꝏn | |Katrinshems Komꝏn | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kiꝏlburgs Komꝏn | |Kiꝏlburgs Komꝏn | ||
Line 133: | Line 283: | ||
|9 | |9 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Förkedals Län | | Förkedals Län | ||
(Fourkedale State) | (Fourkedale State) | ||
|Saint Joseph | |Saint Joseph | ||
Line 150: | Line 300: | ||
|Saint Joseph Municipality | |Saint Joseph Municipality | ||
|} | |} | ||
|5 | | 5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Gränös Län | |Gränös Län | ||
| Gröndälf | |Gröndälf | ||
| 2,901.37 | |2,901.37 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
| Flyveryds Kommun | |Flyveryds Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Fjäjtorps Kommun | |Fjäjtorps Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Gröndälfs Kommun | |Gröndälfs Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Haraldsbjörgs Kommun | |Haraldsbjörgs Kommun | ||
Line 170: | Line 320: | ||
|Kväränlänge Kommun | |Kväränlänge Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Måna Kommun | |Måna Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Onderyds Kommun | |Onderyds Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Sankta Söfíje Kommun | |Sankta Söfíje Kommun | ||
|} | |} | ||
| 9 | |9 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Gvajllåds Län | |Gvajllåds Län | ||
|Söjlestad | |Söjlestad | ||
|1,312.59 | | 1,312.59 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Line 239: | Line 389: | ||
|ᛊᚠᛇᚾᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Sfænlids Komun) | |ᛊᚠᛇᚾᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Sfænlids Komun) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ᚨᚲᛇᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Akælids Komun) | |ᚨᚲᛇᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Akælids Komun) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᛟᛏᚨᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Otalids Komun) | |ᛟᛏᚨᛚᛁᛞᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᚢᚾ (Otalids Komun) | ||
Line 261: | Line 411: | ||
|4 | |4 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mittedålts Län | | Mittedålts Län | ||
|Strammesdal | |Strammesdal | ||
|2,392.60 | |2,392.60 | ||
Line 278: | Line 428: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Murräs Län | |Murräs Län | ||
| Väjtspläjt | |Väjtspläjt | ||
|2,246.27 | |2,246.27 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
Line 315: | Line 465: | ||
|Kållkärke Kommun | |Kållkärke Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kvajls Kommun | | Kvajls Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Låkulle Kommun | |Låkulle Kommun | ||
Line 329: | Line 479: | ||
|Pådelsteds Kommun | |Pådelsteds Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rökkehytte Kommun | | Rökkehytte Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Sanktestads Kommun | |Sanktestads Kommun | ||
Line 335: | Line 485: | ||
|Värnbäkks Kommun | |Värnbäkks Kommun | ||
|} | |} | ||
| 18 | |18 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Söjdrkösts Län | | Söjdrkösts Län | ||
|Fyrans | |Fyrans | ||
|1,180.22 | | 1,180.22 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Line 371: | Line 521: | ||
|Vrylle Kommun | |Vrylle Kommun | ||
|} | |} | ||
|15 | | 15 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Täbbjets Län | |Täbbjets Län | ||
|Täbbjetsstad | |Täbbjetsstad | ||
|1,254.55 | |1,254.55 | ||
| | | | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
Line 434: | Line 584: | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
| Fjurve Kommun | |Fjurve Kommun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kvröndesbljums Kommun | |Kvröndesbljums Kommun | ||
Line 499: | Line 649: | ||
|Ana Þorsun | |Ana Þorsun | ||
|Center-left to center | |Center-left to center | ||
| Third-way centrism | |Third-way centrism | ||
Regulated capitalism | Regulated capitalism | ||
Line 506: | Line 656: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Green | |Green | ||
|Äve Gröndblad-Blaibax | | Äve Gröndblad-Blaibax | ||
|Left to far left | |Left to far left | ||
|Environmentalism | |Environmentalism | ||
Line 515: | Line 665: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kireki Advocates | |Kireki Advocates | ||
|Þorsten-Sfæn Ottozen | | Þorsten-Sfæn Ottozen | ||
|Varies | |Varies | ||
|Kireki nationalism | |Kireki nationalism | ||
Line 524: | Line 674: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Socialist | |Socialist | ||
|Björn Andersson | | Björn Andersson | ||
|Far left | |Far left | ||
|Socialism | |Socialism | ||
Line 544: | Line 694: | ||
|none | |none | ||
|Varies | |Varies | ||
|Varies | | Varies | ||
|78/300 (26.0%) | |78/300 (26.0%) | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 555: | Line 705: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! Liberty or Right | !Liberty or Right | ||
! Year Added to Constitution | !Year Added to Constitution | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Freedoms of speech and press | |Freedoms of speech and press | ||
Line 565: | Line 715: | ||
|Freedom of religious belief and practice | |Freedom of religious belief and practice | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Right to speedy, public trial by impartial jury | |Right to speedy, public trial by impartial jury | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Right to vote for all Karska citizens over the age of 18 | |Right to vote for all Karska citizens over the age of 18 | ||
Line 580: | Line 730: | ||
| rowspan="2" |1980 | | rowspan="2" |1980 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Freedom from enslavement beyond the reasonable punishment of a crime | |Freedom from enslavement beyond the reasonable punishment of a crime | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Right to own weapons for purposes of hunting or personal defense, subject to reasonable government regulation intended to preserve public safety | |Right to own weapons for purposes of hunting or personal defense, subject to reasonable government regulation intended to preserve public safety | ||
|1984 | |1984 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or preference | | Freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or preference | ||
|1988 | |1988 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 591: | Line 741: | ||
|1994 | |1994 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Right to marry without regard to gender for all unmarried, consenting individuals over 18<ref>The amendment was purely symbolic as the legislature guaranteed the right to same-sex marriage in 1997.</ref> | |Right to marry without regard to gender for all unmarried, consenting individuals over 18<ref>The amendment was purely symbolic as the legislature guaranteed the right to same-sex marriage in 1997.</ref> | ||
|2002 | |2002 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 601: | Line 751: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== National Anthem=== | ===National Anthem=== | ||
[[File:SjangeSomAn.png|alt=The official Karska choral version of the national anthem, Sjänge som Än.|thumb|The official Karska choral version of the national anthem, Sing as One.]] | [[File:SjangeSomAn.png|alt=The official Karska choral version of the national anthem, Sjänge som Än.|thumb|The official Karska choral version of the national anthem, Sing as One.]] | ||
Kara's national anthem, Sing as One, was written for the ratification ceremony of the United Kara Amendment; the first act of the National Legislature made it the official national anthem. | Kara's national anthem, Sing as One, was written for the ratification ceremony of the United Kara Amendment; the first act of the National Legislature made it the official national anthem. | ||
Line 611: | Line 761: | ||
! rowspan="2" |Karska | ! rowspan="2" |Karska | ||
! rowspan="2" |Ingerish | ! rowspan="2" |Ingerish | ||
! colspan="3" |Reunthan | ! colspan="3" | Reunthan | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Traditional Script | !Traditional Script | ||
Line 806: | Line 956: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Demographics == | ==Demographics== | ||
{{Infobox demography|name=Kara|official_languages=Karska, Reunthan (Riꝏnþu), Vezhek (Vèžèk), Kirek (ᚲᛁᚱᛖᚲᚨ), Ingerish|ethnicity_bars={{bar percent|Karska|blue|41.7}}{{bar percent|Reunthan|blue|19.2}}{{bar percent|Thilshullian|blue|6.0}}{{bar percent|Vezhek|blue|5.7}}{{bar percent|Kirek|blue|4.2}} | {{Infobox demography|name=Kara|official_languages=Karska, Reunthan (Riꝏnþu), Vezhek (Vèžèk), Kirek (ᚲᛁᚱᛖᚲᚨ), Ingerish|ethnicity_bars={{bar percent|Karska|blue|41.7}}{{bar percent|Reunthan|blue|19.2}}{{bar percent|Thilshullian|blue|6.0}}{{bar percent|Vezhek|blue|5.7}}{{bar percent|Kirek|blue|4.2}} | ||
{{bar percent|2 or more of the above|blue|19.4}} | {{bar percent|2 or more of the above|blue|19.4}} | ||
Line 844: | Line 994: | ||
<nowiki>}</nowiki> }} | <nowiki>}</nowiki> }} | ||
====Karska==== | ==== Karska==== | ||
Karska (''Kårska'') is a Gaermanic language that is the lingua franca of Kara. It is the most widely spoken language in the nation. It uses a 26-letter Latinic alphabet. | Karska (''Kårska'') is a Gaermanic language that is the lingua franca of Kara. It is the most widely spoken language in the nation. It uses a 26-letter Latinic alphabet. | ||
Line 855: | Line 1,005: | ||
| rowspan="2" |Aa | | rowspan="2" |Aa | ||
|⟨a⟩ | |⟨a⟩ | ||
|g'''o'''t | | g'''o'''t | ||
|- | |- | ||
|⟨ə⟩ or ⟨ɜ⟩ when at the end of some words | |⟨ə⟩ or ⟨ɜ⟩ when at the end of some words | ||
Line 861: | Line 1,011: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ää | |Ää | ||
|⟨ɛ⟩ | | ⟨ɛ⟩ | ||
|'''e'''ver | |'''e'''ver | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 872: | Line 1,022: | ||
|'''b'''ake | |'''b'''ake | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" | Cc | | rowspan="2" |Cc | ||
|⟨s⟩ | |⟨s⟩ | ||
|'''c'''enter | |'''c'''enter | ||
Line 899: | Line 1,049: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Hh | |Hh | ||
|⟨h⟩ | | ⟨h⟩ | ||
|'''h'''ome | |'''h'''ome | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ii | |Ii | ||
|⟨i⟩ | |⟨i⟩ | ||
|m'''e''' | | m'''e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Jj | |Jj | ||
Line 911: | Line 1,061: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kk | |Kk | ||
| ⟨k⟩ | |⟨k⟩ | ||
|'''c'''ave | |'''c'''ave | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 936: | Line 1,086: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|⟨o⟩ (when with a diacritic, uncommon otherwise) | | ⟨o⟩ (when with a diacritic, uncommon otherwise) | ||
|'''o'''ver | |'''o'''ver | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 948: | Line 1,098: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rr | |Rr | ||
|⟨r⟩ or ⟨ɾ⟩ | | ⟨r⟩ or ⟨ɾ⟩ | ||
|rolled or tapped r (no Ingerish equivalent) | |rolled or tapped r (no Ingerish equivalent) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 976: | Line 1,126: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Accent Marks===== | =====Accent Marks ===== | ||
In Karska, the first syllable of a word is always emphasized, except when otherwise marked with an accent on the vowel of the syllable to be emphasized. Áá, Íí, and Úú are prononced the same as their "core" letters (Aa, Ii, and Uu, respectively), while Éé and Óó are pronounced as Ää and Öö, respectively. | In Karska, the first syllable of a word is always emphasized, except when otherwise marked with an accent on the vowel of the syllable to be emphasized. Áá, Íí, and Úú are prononced the same as their "core" letters (Aa, Ii, and Uu, respectively), while Éé and Óó are pronounced as Ää and Öö, respectively. | ||
Line 984: | Line 1,134: | ||
!Term/name | !Term/name | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
!Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalent | ! Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalent | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<bdi>Ädrúnaby</bdi> | |<bdi>Ädrúnaby</bdi> | ||
Line 1,003: | Line 1,153: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Län | |Län | ||
|lɛn | | lɛn | ||
|'''Len''' | |'''Len''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<bdi>Märänétjårp</bdi> | |<bdi>Märänétjårp</bdi> | ||
|mɛɾɛnɛttjɔrp | |mɛɾɛnɛttjɔrp | ||
| Meh-reh-'''neht'''-tjaurp | |Meh-reh-'''neht'''-tjaurp | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Kirek==== | ==== Kirek==== | ||
Kirek is one of the official languages of Kara. It is spoken in Kireks Len in the north of the country. Mutually intelligible with Karska and Vezhek, most linguists consider it to be a dialect of Karska. The most substantial differentiator of Kirek is its writing system; traditional Kirek writing uses a different character set than Karska, although a Latinic transcription is becoming increasingly common among native speakers as well. | Kirek is one of the official languages of Kara. It is spoken in Kireks Len in the north of the country. Mutually intelligible with Karska and Vezhek, most linguists consider it to be a dialect of Karska. The most substantial differentiator of Kirek is its writing system; traditional Kirek writing uses a different character set than Karska, although a Latinic transcription is becoming increasingly common among native speakers as well. | ||
==== Vezhek==== | ====Vezhek==== | ||
Vezhek is one of Kara's official languages, and it is spoken in Vezheks Stot in the northwest portion of the country. It is mutually intelligible with both Karska and Kirek, and most linguists consider it a dialect of Karska for this reason. While it does use the same character set as Karska, Vezhek attaches different sounds to some letters and diacritic marks. | Vezhek is one of Kara's official languages, and it is spoken in Vezheks Stot in the northwest portion of the country. It is mutually intelligible with both Karska and Kirek, and most linguists consider it a dialect of Karska for this reason. While it does use the same character set as Karska, Vezhek attaches different sounds to some letters and diacritic marks. | ||
==== Reunthan ==== | ====Reunthan ==== | ||
Line 1,083: | Line 1,233: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |Ii | | colspan="3" |Ii | ||
| i | |i | ||
| "i" in ink, "ee" in free | |"i" in ink, "ee" in free | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ïꭡ | |Ïꭡ | ||
Line 1,105: | Line 1,255: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |Nn | | colspan="3" |Nn | ||
| n | |n | ||
|"n" in no | |"n" in no | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,121: | Line 1,271: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |Oo | | colspan="3" |Oo | ||
| o | |o | ||
|"o" in so | |"o" in so | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,169: | Line 1,319: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |Vv | | colspan="3" |Vv | ||
| v | |v | ||
| "v" in vine | |"v" in vine | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |Xx | | colspan="3" |Xx | ||
Line 1,181: | Line 1,331: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ʒʒ | |Ʒʒ | ||
| Źź | |Źź | ||
|Zh/zh | |Zh/zh | ||
|ʒ | |ʒ |
Revision as of 06:48, 6 May 2023
- This encyclopedia article is about the country in northeastern Uletha. You may be looking for a city of the same name.
United Republic of Kara Fjörnåde Repúblikke Kåra (Karska) Capital: Kara
Motto: Fjörnåde för Dämókrati (United for Democracy) Anthem: Sjänge som än (Sing as One) |
Loading map... |
Kara, officially known as the United Republic of Kara (Karska: Fjörnåde Repúblikke Kåra; Reuntha: Fiornåd Repꝏblix Kåru; Vezhek: Vorencka Republika Kyorja; Kirek: ᛃᚠᛖᚱᚾᛟᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᛖᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨ ᚲᛟᚱᚨ) is a country in East Uletha. It shares a border with Älved, Boscunis, Glaster, and UL22c.
The United Republic of Kara was established in 1934 with the signing of the Union Treaty of Kara, which united the independent states of Karskat, Thilshull, Reuntha, and Vezhekja under a federal democratic republic. The Republic of Kirek joined the union in 1952.
Initially a 4-state (5 after Kirek joined) federal union with a very weak federal government, Kara's states remained relatively distinct culturally and linguistically. However, increased cultural mixing and growing demands for federal infrastructure and social programs led to the drafting of the United Kara Amendment of 1978, which passed with strong support from voters of all regions. The amendment, which took effect on 1 January 1979, created a new constitution that replaced the Union Treaty as the law of the land, replacing the initial 5-member national council that ruled with the current system of a national president and a 300-member legislature. It also abolished the 5-state system, replacing it with the current 17-state federal system.
Today, Kara is a modern, highly developed country with a regulated capitalist economy focused on modern agriculture, technology, and a rapidly-growing renewable energies sector. The government provides many benefits to citizens, especially to the socioeconomically disadvantaged. The national constitution guarantees significant freedoms to individuals and protection for ethnic minority groups.
Geographically, most of the country is in or around the valleys of the Tebbjet and Roving Rivers or their tributaries. Both rivers' valleys and the coastline between their mouths are highly populated, with their fertile soil and temperate climate providing an environment in which agriculture has flourished. Kara, the capital city, is located at the mouth of the Tebbjet River and is the center of a chain of urban areas stretching from Täbbjetsstad to Mynnestad. Much of the north of the country is covered in semi-mountainous forests, and the extreme north has a more tundra-like climate around the southern bit of the Boscunian Alps that reaches into the country.
Geography and Climate
Kara has a mixed temperate climate. The southern coast and Tebbjet River valley are particularly temperate, while the northern states are characterized by an alpine mountain climate.
History
Prior to the formation of the republic, Kara existed as five separate kingdoms.
Kårskät
The Kingdom of Kårskät was a country that made up much of what is now southern coastal Kara, and it contained Kara City, which is now the capital. The kingdom was officially founded in 1309 by Eryk Johansson af Kåra when he declared himself king over the Duchy of Kara, which was founded by his grandfather, a Lord Birjer of Kara, 50 years prior. Within its first few centuries, the kingdom grew in size through conquest and treaty. Karskat was ruled by monarchs until unification into Kara in 1934; from 1782 to 1934 the monarch was limited by a constitution and eventually a parliament.
Monarchs
# | Reign | Regnal Name | Birth & Death | Photo | Consort(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years | Length | |||||
1 | 1309 - 1330 | 19 yrs. | Eryk I | 1272 - 1330 | Äddet Birjersdytter | |
2 | 1330 - 1354 | 24 yrs. | Hans I | 1309 - 1354 | Sara Söfje Haskfryrsdytter | |
3 | 1354 - 1380 | 26 yrs. | Birjer II[1] | 1336 - 1380 | Mari Svänsdytter
Johánne Jöhansdytter | |
4 | 1380 - 1386 | 6 yrs. | Birjer III | 1365 - 1386 | N/A | |
5 | 1386 - 1388 | 2 yrs. | Eryk II | 1372 - 1388 | N/A | |
6 | 1388 - 1402 | 14 yrs. | Haskfryr I | 1342 - 1402 | Kiri Byrman
Johánne Jöhansdytter | |
7 | 1402 - 1414 | 12 yrs. | Johánnes I | 1374 - 1414 | Anna Kꝏvrœ | |
8 | 1414 - 1422 | 8 yrs. | Birjer IV | 1406 - 1422 | N/A | |
9 | 1422 - 1425 | 3 yrs. | Kiri I | 1412 - 1425 | N/A | |
10 | 1425 - 1440 | 15 yrs. | Jönas I | 1383 - 1440 | N/A | |
11 | 1440 - 1458 | 18 yrs. | Johánne I | 1393 - 1458 | Öskar Jösefsson | |
12 | 1458 - 1486 | 28 yrs. | Jösef I | 1430 - 1486 | Svän Byrman[2] | |
13 | 1486 - 1515 | 29 yrs. | Kristaf I | 1457 - 1515 | Sara Lisa Svänsdytter | |
14 | 1515 - 1530 | 15 yrs. | Sara I | 1486 - 1530 | Franz Oskar Byrkamp | |
15 | 1530 - 1540 | 10 yrs. | Johánne II | 1513 - 1540 | Ande Svänsson | |
16 | 1540 - 1570 | 30 yrs. | Haskfryr II | 1521 - 1570 |
Government and Politics
Administrative Divisions
Administrative divisions of Kara | |
---|---|
First-level | 17 länär (states) |
Second-level | 151 kommunär (municipalities) |
Kara is divided into of 17 federal divisions, known as länär (LE-ner) or states, which have considerable governing power. Each state is further divided into municipalities, known as kommunär (CO-moon-eyr); each municipality administers public works and utilities as well as some local community programs. The capital city, Kara, is incorporated as its own state with the same privileges as the other states but is not split up into municipalities due to the impracticality of subdividing a single conurbation, and so the state government also carries out municipality-level responsibilities.
State | Municipalities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name (Native Name) | Capital | Area (km2) | Names | # in State | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bjergdals Län | Kärrstad | 2,967.40 |
|
7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bördäjgrådes Län | Fjäjstelstad | 1,587.68 |
|
21 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Döretts Län
(Doreðs Læn) |
Kiꝏlburg | 3,246.80 |
|
9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Förkedals Län
(Fourkedale State) |
Saint Joseph | 1,979.04 |
|
5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gränös Län | Gröndälf | 2,901.37 |
|
9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gvajllåds Län | Söjlestad | 1,312.59 |
|
18 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kåra Stads Län | Kåra | 174.79 | Kåra Stads Län[3] | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kireks Län
(ᚲᛁᚱᛖᚲᛊ ᛚᛖᚾ) |
Otalid (ᛟᛏᚨᛚᛁᛞ) | 2,262.32 |
|
4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ljenbäkks Län | Nykojpeng | 1,111.98 |
|
4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mittedålts Län | Strammesdal | 2,392.60 |
|
4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Murräs Län | Väjtspläjt | 2,246.27 |
|
5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rövings Län | Hjeplingåde | 2,056.14 |
|
18 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Söjdrkösts Län | Fyrans | 1,180.22 |
|
15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Täbbjets Län | Täbbjetsstad | 1,254.55 |
|
11 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tilshulls Län
(Thilshull State) |
Thilshull | 1,430.66 |
|
8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Upplandas Län | Kvröndesbljum | 1,627.67 |
|
3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Vejeks Län
(Vèžèks Stot) |
Vèžèkstot | 1,823.56 |
|
4 |
Government of Kara | |
---|---|
Federal presidential constitutional republic | |
Capital | Kara |
Head of state | |
• Präsident (President) | Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl |
• Legisatur-Tålare (Speaker of the Legislature) | Æstred Marija Gabrælzen (ᛇᛊᛏᚱᛖᛞ ᛗᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨ ᚷᚨᛒᚱᛇᛚᛉᛖᚾ) |
Legislature | |
• Upper house | Nationallegislatur (National Legislature) |
Judiciary | Hövda-Demstoll (High Court) |
Öfverdeme (Chief Judge) | Stefœn Ʒoð |
Major political parties | |
Socialist Green Kireki Advocates National Democrats Independent Centrist Conservative Christic | |
Assembly of Nations - member state • Association of South Ulethan Nations - observer state |
Politics
The members of the legislature as well as the president are elected in partisan elections, although many candidates run (and win) without a party affiliation. Elections for the legislature are held every 2 years, with presidential elections occurring every 6 years. The legislature creates, debates, and passes federal laws with a simple (50% + 1) majority. Federal laws are subject to presidential veto, although this veto can be overridden with a 200-vote (or 2/3) majority in the legislature.
Several political parties have significant influence in the legislature, with the National Democratic, Centrist, and Conservative parties each holding significant power. Independent, non-party-affiliated representatives also hold a substantial number of seats in the legislature, but members do not vote as a group or in a bloc. The current president, Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl, is a member of the Centrist party.
Name | Current Leader | Left/Right Ideology | Core Ideologies | Seats Held |
---|---|---|---|---|
National Democrats | Æstred Marija Gabrælzen | Center-left to left | Social liberalism
Ulethanism Liberal capitalism |
92/300 (30.7%) |
Conservative | Jöns-Rudolf Björgman | Center-right to right | Classical liberalism
Conservatism Ulethanism |
54/300 (18.0%) |
Centrist | Ana Þorsun | Center-left to center | Third-way centrism
Regulated capitalism Ulethanism |
50/300 (16.7%) |
Green | Äve Gröndblad-Blaibax | Left to far left | Environmentalism
Social democracy Ulethanism |
15/300 (5.0%) |
Kireki Advocates | Þorsten-Sfæn Ottozen | Varies | Kireki nationalism
Karaskepticism Ulethaskepticism |
4/300 (1.3%) |
Socialist | Björn Andersson | Far left | Socialism
Isolationism Populism |
4/300 (1.3%) |
Christic | Jön Adam Bånövre | Right to far right | Social paleoconservatism
Christic nationalism Antiliberalism |
3/300 (1.0%) |
Independent | none | Varies | Varies | 78/300 (26.0%) |
Constitution
The current constitution took effect in 1979 after it passed a national referendum. The document can be changed with the support of the majority of the legislature and a 66% majority of voters in the next legislative election.
Individual Rights
The Indevídjalle-Frydhäter (Individual Freedoms) section of the Karska constitution guaranteed several liberties and rights in its original iteration, with some later additions:
Liberty or Right | Year Added to Constitution |
---|---|
Freedoms of speech and press | 1979 (part of original consitution) |
Freedoms of peaceful assembly and peaceful protest | |
Freedom of religious belief and practice | |
Right to speedy, public trial by impartial jury | |
Right to vote for all Karska citizens over the age of 18 | |
Right to refuse to testify against oneself | |
Freedom from invasive searches without a warrant or probable cause | |
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, color, class, sex, gender, ethnicity, or nationality | |
Right to citizenship for children born to at least one Karska citizen parent | |
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of religion or disability status | 1980 |
Freedom from enslavement beyond the reasonable punishment of a crime | |
Right to own weapons for purposes of hunting or personal defense, subject to reasonable government regulation intended to preserve public safety | 1984 |
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or preference | 1988 |
Right to vote for all legal, permanent-resident aliens over the age of 18 who have resided in Kara for at least 5 years | 1994 |
Right to marry without regard to gender for all unmarried, consenting individuals over 18[5] | 2002 |
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of being transgender or gender-nonconforming | 2007 |
Right to citizenship for children born to at least one permanent-resident alien parent | 2018 |
National Anthem
Kara's national anthem, Sing as One, was written for the ratification ceremony of the United Kara Amendment; the first act of the National Legislature made it the official national anthem.
Karska | Ingerish | Reunthan | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Script | Iohanson (Diacritic) Script | Kꝏvrœ (Simplified) Script | ||
Sjänge som Än | Sing as One | Siꝏŋœ som En | Sióńé som En | Sioongoe som En |
Komme og sjänge som än
Komme, föräna vårt land Vi kommer åt stå tillsamms Vi kommer åt vår bara Låt os stå för saningen Låt os sjänge för rättvis
Vi älskar dämókrati Vi ska hjälpe varandra Vi ska sjänge för frädhät Vi räspékterar andra Vi räspékterar vårt häm
Utmaningar ställs öferfun Örättvis attakkärar Örättvis vi bäkämpa Komme, vi vinner kampän Komme og sjänge som än |
Let us come and sing as one
Let us go unite our land For we are united as one We unite for all that's fair Let us stand for what is true Let us stand for what is just
And we love democracy We will lend each other aid We will sue for lasting peace We respect each human heart We respect this land that's ours
Challenges, they shall not stay And injustice may molest But we fight it to the end Come, the battle must be won Let us come and sing as one |
Kum ꜳl, og siꝏŋœ som en
Kum ꜳl, og fiorꜳn viꜳr land Vi kum, vi ßka sta tielsam Vi kum, vi fiorꜳn ꜳt bara Lot us sta for saniŋun Lot us siꝏŋœ for retvis
Og vi elskiar demokradz Vi ßka gᵫv help til ꜳndrœ Vi arbet og siꝏŋœ for piots Vi ßka reßpektœ ꜳndrœ Vi ßka reßpektœ viꜳr hem
Ꝏtmaniŋs vi ßka uphev Uretvis ßka us atak Uretvis vi ßka segrœ Kum ꜳl, vi ßka vin ðu vꜳr Kum ꜳl, og siꝏŋœ som en |
Kum ál, og sióńé som en
Kum ál, og fiorán viár land Vi kum, vi śka sta tielsam Vi kum, vi fiorán át bara Lot us sta for sanińun Lot us sióńé for retvis
Og vi elskiar demokradz Vi śka gúv help til ándré Vi artbet og sióńé for piots Vi śka reśpekté ándré Vi śka reśpekté viár hem
Ótmanińs vi śka uphev Uretvis śka us atak Uretvis vi śka segré Kum ál, vi śka vin d́u vár Kum ál, og sióńé som en |
Kum aal, og sioongoe som en
Kum aal, og fioraan viaar land Vi kum, vi shka sta tielsam Vi kum, vi fioraan aat bara Lot us sta for saningun Lot us sioongoe for retvis
Og vi elskiar demokradz Vi shka guev help til aandroe Vi arbet og sioongoe for piots Vi shka reshpektoe aandroe Vi shka reshpektoe viaar hem
Ootmanings vi shka uphev Uretvis shka us atak Uretvis vi shka segroe Kum aal, vis shka vin dhu vaar Kum aal, og sioongoe som en |
Demographics
Demographics of Kara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demonym | Karska | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official languages | Karska, Reunthan (Riꝏnþu), Vezhek (Vèžèk), Kirek (ᚲᛁᚱᛖᚲᚨ), Ingerish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethnicities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Religion
Kara has not had an established state religion since the United Kara Amendment of 1979. Previous to that amendment, the government designated 5 state Christic churches (one for each ethnic/linguistic region). The 5 state churches have since united to form the People's Church of Kara.
Historically a Christic area, a significant majority of Karskans identify as Christic, although some other minority faiths have also gained traction, particularly through immigration. Religiously unaffiliated individuals also make up a substantial minority of the population.
People's Church of Kara
Initially founded in Kara city from a group of Christic groups in the area in the 15th century, the Church of Kara was under the leadership of the Karska monarch until the mid-18th century. It uses a traditional liturgical service, with a particular emphasis placed on music and collective prayer in services. The church continues to play a significant role in Karska society.
For its first several centuries of existence, the church's leadership exerted tight control on ideas and information within the faith, maintaining a strongly conservative belief and policy system, which continued to be very influential in society, although this influence did decrease in the 17th and 18th centuries with growing secularism and independent thought. However, the church's direction changed as a result of the 1784 secession of the Holy Grace Church in Nådensted in Bjergdals Län, which attracted many believers with its strong yet liberal belief system. In response to this crisis, the People's Church loosened control in many areas, allowing more liberal ideas to gain traction within the church.
In 1928, the church's general council elected Hans Jösef Zakrisson as Head Priest of the church. Zakrisson, the de facto leader of the church's liberal wing and a staunch proponent of liberalism and democracy in society, led several reforms in the church that ultimately were very influential in the formation of modern Kara under the Union Treaty of 1934. Within a decade, the People's Church became strongly liberal-leaning (ironically, some conservative detractors defected to the Holy Grace Church, steering it to become more conservative than the People's Church). Since the 1930s, the church has held to a strongly liberal, universalist theology and a cultural emphasis on inclusion. However, the church has also remained open to a variety of theological and political ideas, and so there are some significant conservative factions within the faith, although many conservative detractors have left for the Holy Grace denomination in recent years.
Nonetheless, the liberal majority has steered the church's policy in a strongly progressive direction, such as was seen in its 1963 resolution urging the Karska government to open the country to refugees and its calls for preservation of minority languages in the 1980s. More recently, the church moved in 1995 to allow same-sex couples to be married by the church in places where such marriage was legal, and this move is widely agreed to have been a key catalyst of the 1997 legislative decision and 2002 constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to same-sex marriage in Kara.
In 2011, Jöne Mäjbjerg became the first openly transgender and non-binary priest in the People's Church, and a 2016 council canonized them and renamed their local church (Sankte Jöne Mäjbjergs Folkes- og Domkärke Äjbsö) in their honor.
Languages
As a multinational state, several languages are used across Kara, and five languages (Karska, Reunthan, Vezhek, Kirek, and Ingerish) are federally recognized as official languages. Among them, Karska is the most commonly used.
The map below shows the distribution of dominant language across Kara: Karska (green), Ingerish (red), Reunthan (yellow), Vezhek (purple-blue), and Kirek (light pink-purple).
Loading map...
Karska
Karska (Kårska) is a Gaermanic language that is the lingua franca of Kara. It is the most widely spoken language in the nation. It uses a 26-letter Latinic alphabet.
Karska Pronunciation
Letter | IPA | Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalence |
---|---|---|
Aa | ⟨a⟩ | got |
⟨ə⟩ or ⟨ɜ⟩ when at the end of some words | problem | |
Ää | ⟨ɛ⟩ | ever |
Åå | ⟨ɔ⟩ | dawn |
Bb | ⟨b⟩ | bake |
Cc | ⟨s⟩ | center |
⟨k⟩ | cave | |
Dd | ⟨d⟩ | dote |
Ee | ⟨ə⟩ (schwa) | problem |
⟨ɛ⟩ (when the first letter of a word or with diacritic) | ever | |
Ff | ⟨f⟩ | fee |
Gg | ⟨ɡ⟩ | good |
Hh | ⟨h⟩ | home |
Ii | ⟨i⟩ | me |
Jj | ⟨j⟩ | you |
Kk | ⟨k⟩ | cave |
Ll | ⟨l⟩ | low |
Mm | ⟨m⟩ | mat |
Nn | ⟨n⟩ | never |
⟨ŋ⟩ (in some regions when before a "g") | going | |
Oo | ⟨ʊ⟩ | look |
⟨œ⟩ | ||
⟨o⟩ (when with a diacritic, uncommon otherwise) | over | |
Öö | ⟨o⟩ in theory, in practice often a ⟨oʊ⟩ diphthong/slide | over |
Pp | ⟨p⟩ | pine |
Rr | ⟨r⟩ or ⟨ɾ⟩ | rolled or tapped r (no Ingerish equivalent) |
Ss | ⟨s⟩ | so |
Tt | ⟨t⟩ | too |
Uu | ⟨u⟩ | clue |
Vv | ⟨v⟩ | vow |
Yy | ⟨y⟩ | no Ingerish equivalent, essentially an ⟨i⟩ in me with rounded lips |
Zz | ⟨z⟩ | zoo |
Accent Marks
In Karska, the first syllable of a word is always emphasized, except when otherwise marked with an accent on the vowel of the syllable to be emphasized. Áá, Íí, and Úú are prononced the same as their "core" letters (Aa, Ii, and Uu, respectively), while Éé and Óó are pronounced as Ää and Öö, respectively.
Example pronunciations of words/terms/names
Term/name | IPA | Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalent |
---|---|---|
Ädrúnaby | ɛdɾunaby | Ed-run-ah-beu |
Bördäjgrådes Län | boɾdɛjgrɔdəs lɛn | Bor-deyg-rawd-uhs Len |
Fjörnåde Repúblikka Kåra | fjornɔdə ɾəpublika kɔra | Fyoor-nah-duh Ruh-poob-lee-kah Kaw-ra |
Hjeplingåde | hjəplingɔdə | Hyuhp-leeng-ah-duh |
Län | lɛn | Len |
Märänétjårp | mɛɾɛnɛttjɔrp | Meh-reh-neht-tjaurp |
Kirek
Kirek is one of the official languages of Kara. It is spoken in Kireks Len in the north of the country. Mutually intelligible with Karska and Vezhek, most linguists consider it to be a dialect of Karska. The most substantial differentiator of Kirek is its writing system; traditional Kirek writing uses a different character set than Karska, although a Latinic transcription is becoming increasingly common among native speakers as well.
Vezhek
Vezhek is one of Kara's official languages, and it is spoken in Vezheks Stot in the northwest portion of the country. It is mutually intelligible with both Karska and Kirek, and most linguists consider it a dialect of Karska for this reason. While it does use the same character set as Karska, Vezhek attaches different sounds to some letters and diacritic marks.
Reunthan
Reunthan is a Gaermanic language that is one of the official languages of Kara and is widely used in the northwestern regions of the country. While clearly distinct from Karska, the two are closely related, and they are mutually intelligible for most speakers of either language. Reunthan, like Karska, uses a phonetic alphabet (except for the Kꝏvrœ Reunthan script), but the letter-sound matching is not the exact same between the two languages.
A significant majority of Reunthan speakers use the traditional script, but some others use the diacritic script created by Ꜳlof Iohanson or the simplified extended script created by Jon Pytœr Kꝏvrœ. Some speakers use two or more writing methods depending on context, with the traditional script generally easiest to write by hand, the Iohanson script easiest with non-native speakers or language learners, and the Kꝏvrœ script easiest with digital writing.
Alphabet
Reunthan uses the Latinic alphabet. The traditional writing style includes several ligatures, while the Iohanson system uses diacritic marks. The Kꝏvrœ system sacrifices precise phonetic matching[6] for a script without any ligatures or diacritics. Generally, the traditional script is considered the standard and is exclusively used by the vast majority of speakers.
Letter (Script) | IPA | Example of sound | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional | Iohanson | Kꝏvrœ | ||
Aa | a | "o" in dot, "a" in father | ||
Ꜳꜳ | Áá | Aa/aa | ɔ | "au" in caught |
Ææ | Ää | Ae/ae | æ | "a" in apple |
Bb | b | "b" in boy | ||
Dd | d | "d" in dig | ||
Ðð | D́d́ | Dh/dh | ð | "th" in the |
Ee | ɛ | "e" in egg | ||
Ff | f | "f" in fish | ||
Gg | g | "g" in go | ||
Hh | h | "h" in happy | ||
Ii | i | "i" in ink, "ee" in free | ||
Ïꭡ | Íí | Ie/ie | ɪ | "i" in little |
Kk | k | "k" in kin, "c" in con | ||
Ll | l | "l" in low | ||
Mm | m | "m" in mad | ||
Nn | n | "n" in no | ||
Ŋŋ | Ńń | Ng/ng | ŋ | "ng" in going |
Œœ | Éé | Oe/oe | ə | "e" in problem |
Oo | o | "o" in so | ||
Ꝏꝏ | Óó | Oo/oo | u | "u" in dupe, "oo" in school |
Pp | p | "p" in paint | ||
Rr | r | rolled "r" | ||
Ss | s | "s" in some | ||
ßß | Śś | Sh/sh | ʃ | "sh" in shy |
Tt | t | "t" in tin, but with the tongue touching the teeth | ||
Þþ | T́t́ | Th/th | θ | "th" in thing |
Uu | ʌ | "u" in but | ||
Üᵫ | Úú | Ue/ue | y | Kalmish (German) "ü" |
Vv | v | "v" in vine | ||
Xx | x | Kalmish (German) "ch" as in "Bach" | ||
Zz | z | "z" as in zebra | ||
Ʒʒ | Źź | Zh/zh | ʒ | "su" in closure, "sio" in vision |
- ↑ When declaring himself king, Eryk posthumously crowned his grandfather and father as Birjer I and Johan I, respectively, and so the first living monarchs named Birjer and Johan ruled as Birjer II and Johan II.
- ↑ While same-sex marriages were not allowed at this time, unmarried but long-term same-sex partners (like Jösef and Svän) were usually accepted as being a valid (although less "important" than a marriage) relationship, especially for royalty and nobility. In fact, in some wealthy families, same-sex partners could even adopt children, as did Jösef and Svän with their son, King Kristaf I.
- ↑ The state government fills the role of municipal government and is considered a municipality for statistical purposes.
- ↑ Thanks to Timboh's article on Navenna for the inspiration for this table!
- ↑ The amendment was purely symbolic as the legislature guaranteed the right to same-sex marriage in 1997.
- ↑ For example, in the Kꝏvrœ script, "ie" could indicate two different sounds, one being the "ꭡ" vowel and the other being the "ie" diphthong in traditional script.