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| '''Kanglapolish''' (Kanglapolish: '''ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ''' ''Kangpatsa'') is a language isolate spoken in [[Kanglapo]], where it is the official and national language. It is the language of the Katayans, which is the principal ethnic group of Kanglapo. Beyond Kanglapo, the language is a recognised minority language in its neighbouring countries such as the [[Bai Empire]] and [[Huaxia]], spoken mainly by Katayans outside of Kanglapolish borders. The common dialect spoken is the Nanson dialect, though other dialects and variants are spoken in other parts of Kanglapo.
| | == Summary == |
| | Another version of my proposal for EUOIA flag |
| | Original work. |
|
| |
|
| While Kanglapolish is a language isolate, the language has seen influences from [[Wikipedia:Chinese language|Baiyu]] and plenty of Axiatic and Ardentic languages spoken in the Northern Archanta region. Modern Kanglapolish is written in Pathannok, believed to be derived from the Nakah script.
| | == License == |
| ==Phonology==
| | {{cc-ogf-flag}} |
| ===Consonants===
| | [[Category:Flags proposed for collaborative projects]] |
| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
| |
| |'''Bilabial'''
| |
| |'''Labiodental'''
| |
| |'''Alveolar'''
| |
| |'''Palato-alveolar'''
| |
| |'''Palatal'''
| |
| |'''Velar'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Nasal'''
| |
| |m
| |
| |
| |
| |n
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Stop'''
| |
| |p pʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |t tʰ d
| |
| |ʈ
| |
| |
| |
| |k kʰ
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Affricate'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʦ ʦʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |ʨ ʨʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Fricative'''
| |
| |
| |
| |f
| |
| |s z
| |
| |ʂ ʂʰ ʐ
| |
| |
| |
| |x
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Approximant'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |j
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Trill'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |r
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Lateral approximant'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| ====Co-articulated phonemes====
| |
| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
| |
| |'''Labial-velar'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Approximant'''
| |
| |w
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |
| |
| |'''Front'''
| |
| |'''Central'''
| |
| |'''Back'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |High
| |
| |i y
| |
| |
| |
| |ɯ u uː
| |
| |-
| |
| |Near-high
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʊ
| |
| |-
| |
| |High-mid
| |
| |e eː
| |
| |
| |
| |ɤ o oː
| |
| |-
| |
| |Mid
| |
| |
| |
| |ə
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Low-mid
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʌ
| |
| |-
| |
| |Low
| |
| |a aː
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Script ==
| |
| Kanglapolish uses the Pathannok (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢᥢᥨᥐ) script, derived from the [[Wikipedia:Burmese alphabet|Nakah script]]. Historically, Bai characters have also been used and adapted especially during periods of Bai tributary rule. Kanglapolish then was written in a mixed Bai-Pathannok script, where most lexical roots were written in Baiyu and grammatical forms in the Kanglapolish alphabet. Under Surian occupation, an attempt was made to use the Surian script for the language. Due to the difficulty in adapting the script for the language and the inconsistent transcription rules, this policy was abandoned. By the time of its independence, Baiyu characters had been phased out, and Kanglapolish only uses Pathannok to this day.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
| |
| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| |
| | colspan="25" | '''Consonants'''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Character
| |
| | ᥙ || ᥚ || ဒ || ᥐ || ᥠ || ᥑ || ᥒ || ᥖ || ᥗ
| |
| |ဖ|| ᥘ || ລ || ᥛ || ᥢ || ᥓ || ᥝ|| ᥔ || ᥟ || ᥡ || ᥞ || ဆ
| |
| |စ
| |
| |ᥕ
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
| |
| | [p] || [pʰ] || [d] || [k] || [kʰ] || [x] || [ŋ] || [t] || [tʰ]
| |
| |[f]|| [l] || [ʐ] || [m] || [n] || [ts] || [ʈʂ]|| [ʨʰ] || [ʦʰ] || [ʈʂʰ] || [s] || [ʂ]
| |
| |[tɕ]
| |
| |[j]
| |
| |-
| |
| !Surian transcription
| |
| |п/б
| |
| |пх/п
| |
| |д
| |
| |кх/к
| |
| |к/кь
| |
| |х
| |
| |нъ
| |
| |т
| |
| |тх
| |
| |ф
| |
| |ль/л
| |
| |зр/р
| |
| |м
| |
| |н
| |
| |з/ц/цз
| |
| |жх/чж
| |
| |чх/щ
| |
| |ц
| |
| |чь/ч
| |
| |с
| |
| |ш/щ
| |
| |ж
| |
| |й
| |
| |-
| |
| !Old Romanisation
| |
| |p
| |
| |ph
| |
| |d
| |
| |k
| |
| |kh
| |
| |hs
| |
| |ng
| |
| |t
| |
| |th
| |
| |f
| |
| |l
| |
| |z
| |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |c
| |
| |jh
| |
| |cj
| |
| |ts
| |
| |tsh
| |
| |s
| |
| |sh
| |
| |j
| |
| |y
| |
| |-
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| | b || p || d || k || g || h || ng || t || th
| |
| |f|| l || r || m || n || z ||zh|| czh || c || ch || s || sh
| |
| |j
| |
| |y
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
| |
| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| |
| | colspan="18" |'''Vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Character
| |
| |ᥣ
| |
| |ᥭ
| |
| |ᥝ
| |
| | ᥤ
| |
| | ᥪ
| |
| |ᥬ
| |
| |ᥬᥩ
| |
| |ᥤᥝ
| |
| | ᥫ
| |
| |ᥥ
| |
| | ᥦ
| |
| | ᥩ
| |
| | ᥨ
| |
| |ᥨᥭ
| |
| | ᥧ
| |
| |ᥧᥤ
| |
| | ᥧᥭ
| |
| |-
| |
| !IPA
| |
| |[a]
| |
| |[ai]
| |
| |[ao]
| |
| |[i]
| |
| |[y]
| |
| |[iʌ]
| |
| |[iʌo]
| |
| |[iu]
| |
| |[ʌ], [ə]
| |
| |[e]
| |
| |[e(ː)]
| |
| |[o], [ʊ]
| |
| |[ɤ]
| |
| |[oi]
| |
| |[w], [u], [ɯ]
| |
| |[ui]
| |
| |[uai]
| |
| |-
| |
| !Surian transcription
| |
| |а
| |
| |ай
| |
| |аo
| |
| |и
| |
| |ый
| |
| |йе/е
| |
| |ё
| |
| |ю
| |
| |е́
| |
| |е
| |
| |э
| |
| |o
| |
| |о́
| |
| |oй
| |
| |у
| |
| |уй
| |
| |уай
| |
| |-
| |
| !Old Romanisation
| |
| |a
| |
| |ai
| |
| |ao
| |
| |i
| |
| |Ï
| |
| |ie
| |
| |eo
| |
| |eu/yu
| |
| |e
| |
| |ë
| |
| |ë'
| |
| |ŏ
| |
| |o
| |
| |oi
| |
| |w/u
| |
| |wi
| |
| |wai
| |
| |-
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |a
| |
| |ai
| |
| |ao
| |
| |i
| |
| |ü/yu
| |
| |ie
| |
| |io/eo
| |
| |iu
| |
| |e
| |
| |ei
| |
| |ae
| |
| |ou
| |
| |o
| |
| |oi
| |
| |w (at start)/u
| |
| |ui
| |
| |uai
| |
| |}
| |
| ===Romanisation===
| |
| The Lomanpat'han (literally meaning 'Romanised script') is the current official romanisation system of the Kanglapolish language. The system, developed by a group of Kanglapolish linguists in the early 20th century, was based on the romanised system for Baiyu due to shared consonant and vowel sounds. In cases of ambiguity, orthographic syllable boundaries are indicated with an apostrophe or hyphens. The system was revised several times, especially simplifying the use of breves, apostrophes, hyphens and diereses, and consonant and vowel clusters.
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| Kanglapolish follows the same order of words in the Ingerish language: subject-verb-object. (e.g. 'I eat rice', ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Me zat mai''). As in Ingerish, adjectives come before the nouns they describe, and adverbs are placed after the verb/adjective.
| |
| | |
| === Derivational morphology ===
| |
| Kanglapolish has prefixes on words to indicate plurals for nouns and tenses for verbs. For example, 'I ate rice' would be 'Me shizat mai' with 'shi-' to indicate the verb in the past tense. However, usually, when information like tense is clear from the context, the prefix might be omitted (e.g. 'I ate rice an hour ago', ᥕᥤᥡ ᥛᥤᥢဖᥪ ဆᥤᥠᥨᥭ, ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Ich minfü shigoi, me zat mai'').
| |
| | |
| Kanglapolish nouns are genderless but have plural/singular forms indicated by suffixes. For example, 'dog' in Kanglapolish is 'gahyaik'. In plural form, 'dogs' will be 'dotgahyaik' ('dot' meaning 'many'). However, similarly to the above, when it's clear how many items there are (with a counter/classifier), the suffix would usually be dropped (e.g. 'three dogs' would be 'sam gahyaik'). Kanglapolish does not encode definite and indefinite articles. Demonstratives are used, however, to point out a specific item.
| |
| | |
| To make a verb or adjective negative, a suffix '-shen' will be added.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Tense
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Prefixes
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Past'''
| |
| |ဆᥤ-
| |
| |shi-
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Future'''
| |
| |ᥖᥣ-
| |
| |ta-
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Word class changes
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Suffixes
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → adverb'''
| |
| | -ဒᥨᥐ
| |
| | -dok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])'''
| |
| | -ဒᥧᥛ
| |
| | -dum
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])'''
| |
| | -ᥖᥨᥐ
| |
| | -tok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)'''
| |
| | -ဒᥭᥐ/-ᥞᥨᥢ
| |
| | -daik/-son
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Noun → verb'''
| |
| | -ဆᥧᥐ/-ᥞᥧᥐ
| |
| | -shuk/-sok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Verb → adjective (e.g. analytical → analysing)'''
| |
| | -ᥛᥨᥐ
| |
| | -mok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Verb → noun'''
| |
| | -ᥞᥨᥭ
| |
| | -soi
| |
| |}
| |
| ===Demonstratives===
| |
| The following are words to refer to or point out a person or an object.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Demonstrative
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |'''Near speaker'''
| |
| |'''This'''
| |
| |ᥖᥤ
| |
| |ti
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Here'''
| |
| |ဒᥤ
| |
| |di
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''This way'''
| |
| |ᥖᥤဒᥣᥐ
| |
| |tidak
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |'''Far from speaker'''
| |
| |'''That'''
| |
| |ᥖᥣᥛ
| |
| |tam
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''There'''
| |
| |ဒᥣ
| |
| |da
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''That way'''
| |
| |ᥖᥣᥛဒᥣᥐ
| |
| |tamdak
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Pronouns===
| |
| The pronouns of Kanglapolish are as follows:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Pronouns
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Singular
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''1st (I, we)'''
| |
| |ᥛᥫ/ᥙᥨ-ᥛᥫ
| |
| |me / po'me (formal)
| |
| |ဒᥨᥖᥛᥫ
| |
| |dotme
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''2nd (you)'''
| |
| |ᥑᥣ/ᥑᥣᥐ
| |
| |ha / hak (formal)
| |
| |ဒᥨᥖᥑᥣ/ဒᥨᥖᥙᥨᥑᥣᥐ
| |
| |dot'ha / dot'pohak (formal)
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''3rd (he)'''
| |
| |ᥐᥭ/ᥙᥨ-ᥐᥭ
| |
| |kai / po'kai (formal)
| |
| | rowspan="3" |ဒᥨᥖᥐᥦᥐ/ဒᥨ-ᥖᥙᥨ-ᥐᥦᥐ
| |
| | rowspan="3" |dotkaek / dot'po'kaek (formal)
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''3rd (she)'''
| |
| |ᥐᥣᥛ
| |
| |kam
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''3rd (they)'''
| |
| |ᥐᥦᥐ
| |
| |kaek
| |
| |}
| |
| Possessive forms are indicated with an additional suffix 'tae' after the pronoun. Hence 'his' would be 'kaitae'.
| |
| | |
| === Possessives ===
| |
| The most common way of showing possessives in Kanglapolish is adding 'tae' between the noun/pronoun and the subject in question. For example, 'her bag' would be translated to 'ᥐᥣᥛᥖᥦ ᥙᥝᥖᥣ ''kamtae baota''<nowiki/>'. Other syllables include 'lae' or 'kae'. The verb 'toi', meaning 'have' in Ingerish, is also used to express possession. For example, 'I have money' will translate into 'ᥛᥫ ᥖᥨᥭ ᥐᥨဆ-ᥛᥣ ''me toi koshma''<nowiki/>'.
| |
| | |
| ===Prepositions===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |In
| |
| | ᥢᥭ
| |
| | nai
| |
| |-
| |
| |Out
| |
| | ᥢᥧᥖ
| |
| | nut
| |
| |-
| |
| |Above
| |
| | ဒᥦᥖ
| |
| | daet
| |
| |-
| |
| |On
| |
| | ᥙᥧᥭ
| |
| | buai
| |
| |-
| |
| |Behind
| |
| | ᥛᥣᥢ
| |
| | man
| |
| |-
| |
| |Near
| |
| |ဒᥧᥤ
| |
| |dui
| |
| |-
| |
| |By/Beside
| |
| |йᥨᥢ
| |
| |yon
| |
| |-
| |
| |Down
| |
| |ລᥣᥢ
| |
| |ran
| |
| |-
| |
| |Between
| |
| | ဒᥣᥢ
| |
| | dan
| |
| |-
| |
| |From
| |
| |စᥣᥐ/ᥟᥨᥢ
| |
| |jak/con
| |
| |-
| |
| |To
| |
| |ᥖᥧᥤ
| |
| |tui
| |
| |-
| |
| |Into
| |
| |ᥢᥭᥖᥧᥤ/ᥘᥫ
| |
| |naitui/le
| |
| |-
| |
| |Under/Beneath
| |
| |ᥢᥫᥐ
| |
| |nek
| |
| |-
| |
| |With
| |
| | ᥠᥫᥐ
| |
| | gek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Within
| |
| |ᥢᥭᥠᥫᥐ
| |
| |naigek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Before
| |
| |ဖᥪ
| |
| |goi
| |
| |-
| |
| |After
| |
| |ᥣ
| |
| |a
| |
| |-
| |
| |Across
| |
| |ဆᥩ
| |
| |shou
| |
| |-
| |
| |Of
| |
| |ᥘᥣ
| |
| |la
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Questions===
| |
| When a question is formed, the order of words does not change unlike Ingerish. Question words are usually added at the end of a sentence. For a question with a 'yes' or 'no' (or 'maybe') answer, the question word 'hou' is added at the end. For example, 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ᥑᥩ? ''ha'' ''zat mai hou?''<nowiki/>' literally translates to ' You eat food (yet)?'. Question words like 'what' and 'who' simply replace the noun they are referring to. For example 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥡᥩ? ''ha zat chou''<nowiki/>' literally translates to 'You eat what?'.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |Who
| |
| | ဆᥦ
| |
| | shae
| |
| |-
| |
| |When
| |
| | ᥗᥣᥛ
| |
| | tham
| |
| |-
| |
| |Where
| |
| | ᥢᥣᥐ
| |
| | nak
| |
| |-
| |
| |Which
| |
| | ᥘᥧᥐ
| |
| | luk
| |
| |-
| |
| |What
| |
| | ᥡᥩ
| |
| | chou
| |
| |-
| |
| |How much
| |
| |ᥙᥤᥐဒᥣᥖ
| |
| |pikdat
| |
| |-
| |
| |How many
| |
| |ᥙᥤᥐဒᥨᥖ
| |
| |pikdot
| |
| |-
| |
| |How
| |
| |ᥙᥣᥐ
| |
| |pak
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| == Vocabulary ==
| |
| The core of the Kanglapolish vocabulary is made up of native words. A significant proportion of the vocabulary, however, have words borrowed from Baiyu and, to a lesser extent, other regional languages like Neeg, Kyawal and Nakah. Surian words have also entered the Kanglapolish lexicon during the Surian occupation.
| |
| | |
| The Kanglapolish government sought to eliminate and limit linguistic borrowings through political objectives aimed at eliminating foreign influences on the language. Recent words to describe modern concepts, like computer (ဆᥨᥐᥟᥣᥖᥢᥨᥖ ''shokcatnot'', meaning 'electric brain') and socialism (ᥞᥣᥐᥚᥨ-ᥛᥤᥢ ''sakpomin'', roughly meaning 'welfare movement'), are derived from existing vocabulary or extensions of meanings of certain words.
| |
| | |
| === Numerals ===
| |
| The Kanglapolish language uses base 7 for the numbering system, reflected on its banknote denominations and historical measurement systems. While the government has officially adopted the new base 10 system for ease of transcations, base 7 still remain the prevelant use of the country particularly in the rural areas.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Ingerish
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Base 7
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Base 10
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |0
| |
| |ᥢᥨᥛ
| |
| |nom
| |
| |ᥠᥤᥛ
| |
| |gim
| |
| |-
| |
| |1
| |
| | ᥤᥡ
| |
| | ich
| |
| |ᥤᥡ
| |
| |ich
| |
| |-
| |
| |2
| |
| | ဒᥧᥦ
| |
| | due
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ
| |
| |due
| |
| |-
| |
| |3
| |
| | ᥞᥣᥛ
| |
| | sam
| |
| |ᥞᥣᥛ
| |
| |sam
| |
| |-
| |
| |4
| |
| | ᥐᥧᥣ
| |
| | kua
| |
| |ᥐᥧᥣ
| |
| |kua
| |
| |-
| |
| |5
| |
| | ᥧ
| |
| | u
| |
| |ဖᥬ
| |
| |fie
| |
| |-
| |
| |6
| |
| |ᥢᥩᥒ
| |
| |nong
| |
| |ᥢᥩᥒ
| |
| |nong
| |
| |-
| |
| |7
| |
| |ᥐᥤᥝ
| |
| |kiu
| |
| |ᥐᥤᥝ
| |
| |kiu
| |
| |-
| |
| |8
| |
| |ᥐᥤᥝ ᥤᥡ
| |
| |kiu ich
| |
| |ᥚᥣ
| |
| |pa
| |
| |-
| |
| |9
| |
| |ᥐᥤᥝ ဒᥧᥦ
| |
| |kiu due
| |
| |စᥬᥩ
| |
| |jiong
| |
| |-
| |
| |10
| |
| |ᥐᥤᥝ ᥞᥣᥛ
| |
| |kiu sam
| |
| |ᥞᥣ
| |
| |sa
| |
| |-
| |
| |14
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ ᥐᥤᥝ
| |
| |due kiu
| |
| |ᥞᥣ ᥐᥧᥣ
| |
| |sa kua
| |
| |-
| |
| |20
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ ᥐᥤᥝ ᥢᥩᥒ
| |
| |due kiu nong
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ ᥞᥣ
| |
| |due sa
| |
| |-
| |
| |49
| |
| |ᥛᥬ
| |
| |mie
| |
| |ᥐᥧᥣ ᥞᥣ စᥬᥩ
| |
| |kua sa jiong
| |
| |-
| |
| |100 (2 mies and two)
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ ᥛᥬ ဒᥧᥦ
| |
| |due mie due
| |
| |ᥙᥦᥐ
| |
| |baek
| |
| |-
| |
| |343
| |
| |ᥞᥨᥖ
| |
| |sot
| |
| |ᥞᥣᥛ ᥙᥦᥐ ᥐᥧᥣ ᥞᥣ ᥞᥣᥛ
| |
| |sam baek kua sa sam
| |
| |-
| |
| |2401 (24 hundreds and one)
| |
| |ဒᥩ
| |
| |dou
| |
| |ဒᥧᥦ ᥞᥣ ᥐᥧᥣ ᥙᥦᥐ ᥤᥡ
| |
| |due sa kua baek ich
| |
| |-
| |
| |10000 (4 dous, 1 sot, 1 mie and four)
| |
| |ᥐᥧᥣ ဒᥩ ᥤᥡ ᥞᥨᥖ ᥤᥡ ᥛᥬ ᥐᥧᥣ
| |
| |kua dou ich sot ich mie kua
| |
| |ᥧᥣᥢ
| |
| |wan
| |
| |}
| |
| For ordinals, the suffix 'fan' is added.
| |
| | |
| === Directions and places ===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |North
| |
| | ᥙᥦ
| |
| | bae
| |
| |-
| |
| |South
| |
| | ᥢᥣᥢ
| |
| | nan
| |
| |-
| |
| |East
| |
| | ဒᥩᥒ
| |
| | doung
| |
| |-
| |
| |West
| |
| | ᥝᥨᥭ
| |
| | zhoi
| |
| |-
| |
| |Central/centre
| |
| |ᥔᥨᥒ
| |
| |czhong
| |
| |-
| |
| |Metres
| |
| |ᥟᥭᥛ
| |
| |caim
| |
| |-
| |
| |Road
| |
| |ᥘᥧᥐ
| |
| |luk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Way
| |
| |ᥗᥣᥒ
| |
| |thang
| |
| |-
| |
| |Expressway
| |
| |ᥐᥦᥗᥣᥒ
| |
| |kaethang
| |
| |-
| |
| |Avenue
| |
| |ဒᥭᥘᥧᥐ
| |
| |dailuk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Lane
| |
| |ᥢᥩᥘᥧᥐ
| |
| |nouluk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Street (paved)
| |
| |ဒᥭစᥤᥢ
| |
| |daijin
| |
| |-
| |
| |Street (short)
| |
| |စᥤᥢ
| |
| |jin
| |
| |-
| |
| |Village
| |
| |ᥚᥫᥖ
| |
| |pet
| |
| |-
| |
| |Town
| |
| |ᥙᥨ-ᥚᥫᥖ
| |
| |po'pet
| |
| |-
| |
| |City
| |
| |ᥡᥬᥩᥒ
| |
| |cheong
| |
| |-
| |
| |Capital
| |
| |ᥡᥬᥩᥒဖᥧ
| |
| |cheongfu
| |
| |-
| |
| |Province
| |
| |ᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |sen
| |
| |-
| |
| |Island
| |
| |ᥖᥧᥣ
| |
| |tua
| |
| |-
| |
| |Mountain
| |
| |ᥐᥫᥖ
| |
| |ket
| |
| |-
| |
| |Hill
| |
| |ᥢᥩᥐᥫᥖ/ᥕᥧᥐ
| |
| |nouket/yuk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Valley
| |
| |ᥡᥪ
| |
| |chü
| |
| |-
| |
| |River
| |
| |ᥑᥨᥒ
| |
| |hon
| |
| |-
| |
| |Coast
| |
| |ᥣᥢ
| |
| |an
| |
| |-
| |
| |Bridge
| |
| |ᥑᥨᥒᥐᥬᥒ
| |
| |honkien
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==== Kanglapo provinces ====
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| |-
| |
| | ᥘᥤဆᥛᥨᥒᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Lishmongsen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥙᥦᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Baesonsen
| |
| |-
| |
| | ᥟᥣᥘᥤᥢဒᥫᥢᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Calindensen
| |
| |-
| |
| | ᥑᥕᥤᥒᥡᥨᥭᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Hyingchoisen
| |
| |-
| |
| | ລᥨᥭᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Roisonsen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥢᥤລᥩᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Nirousen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥔᥨᥒᥠᥤᥒᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Czhonggingsen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥕᥧລᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Yuronsen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥕᥨᥢລᥤᥞᥐᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Yonrisksen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥤᥞᥐᥤᥒᥙᥩᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Iskingbousen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥛᥫᥘᥨᥐᥡᥣᥐᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Melokchaksen
| |
| |-
| |
| |ᥢᥣᥢᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
| |
| |Nansonsen
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| === Transport ===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |Bus
| |
| |ᥚᥨᥑᥨᥢစᥤᥖᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| |pohonjitchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Rail
| |
| |ᥙᥫລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| |beruchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Metro
| |
| | ᥢᥫᥐဆᥨᥐລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| | nekshokruchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Plane
| |
| |ᥐᥨᥢ'ᥦᥢᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| |kon'aenchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Boat
| |
| | ລᥧᥤᥑᥨᥒᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| | ruihonchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Tram
| |
| |ᥡᥬᥩᥒဆᥨᥐລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
| |
| |cheongshokruchek
| |
| |-
| |
| |Station
| |
| |ᥧᥐ
| |
| |guk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Port
| |
| |ລᥧᥤᥧᥣᥒ
| |
| |ruigang
| |
| |-
| |
| |Airport
| |
| |ᥐᥨᥢᥧᥣᥒ
| |
| |kon'gang
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| === Public and cultural institutions ===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ingerish
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |Building
| |
| |ᥕᥨᥛᥢᥫᥢ
| |
| |yomnen
| |
| |-
| |
| |Office
| |
| |ᥕᥝᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |yaoyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |School
| |
| | ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| | douyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |University
| |
| |ဒᥭဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |daidouyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Hospital
| |
| | ᥑᥤᥖᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| | hityom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Clinic
| |
| |ᥟᥦᥑᥤᥖ/ᥢᥩᥑᥤᥖ
| |
| |caehit/nouhit
| |
| |-
| |
| |Market
| |
| | ᥞᥫᥛᥭᥐ
| |
| | semaik
| |
| |-
| |
| |Police station
| |
| | ລᥭᥑᥧᥤᥠᥧᥐ
| |
| | raihuiguk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Fire station
| |
| |ᥟᥭᥟᥫᥢᥠᥧᥐ
| |
| |caicenguk
| |
| |-
| |
| |Post office
| |
| |ᥛᥦᥕᥝᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |maeyaoyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Bank
| |
| |ᥐᥨဆᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |koshyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Restaurant
| |
| |ᥛᥭᥡᥧᥖ
| |
| |maichut
| |
| |-
| |
| |Cafe
| |
| |ဖᥩᥢᥧᥤᥡᥧᥖ
| |
| |founuichut
| |
| |-
| |
| |Temple
| |
| |ဒᥤᥝᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |diuyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Church
| |
| |ᥕᥧᥣᥖဒᥩဒᥤᥝ
| |
| |yuatdoudiu
| |
| |-
| |
| |Museum
| |
| |ᥙᥤᥝဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |biaodouyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Theatre
| |
| |ᥠᥫᥖဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |getdouyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Cinema
| |
| |ᥠᥝဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
| |
| |gaodouyom
| |
| |-
| |
| |Statue
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Monument
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Authoritative language institutions==
| |
| The Kanglapolish language is standardised by the Kanglapolish National Institute of the Katayan Language, which issues authoritative guides and dictionaries on the use of the language. The institute also coordinates the government's projects of propagating the Katayan language and culture.
| |
