User:Rustem Pasha/sandbox
| (Şneldorfian Kalmish) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Şneldorfe Kalmiş | ||||||||||
/ʃɛnldɔɾfɛ kalmiʃ/ | ||||||||||
| Official in | Şneldorf Vilayeti, Demirhan Empire | |||||||||
| Also spoken in | Ardeşehir, Sahil Eyaleti | |||||||||
| Estimated number of speakers | 60 000 | |||||||||
| Regulating body | Demirhanlı Devletinin Dillerinin Kurulu | |||||||||
| Language family | Gaermanic | |||||||||
| Tonal language | no | |||||||||
Romantish Alphabet | ||||||||||
Norms of linguistic structure | ||||||||||
| Common constituent word order | SOV | |||||||||
| Modifier placement | adjective-noun | |||||||||
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Şneldorfian Kalmish is a form of Kalmish language which evolved in Şneldorf island in Iviran Sea after the island was conquered by Demirhan Empire. During nearly 300 years of ongoing Turqese and Lorantian influence, the language underwent heavy changes not only in lexicon but also in grammar. In comparison Şneldorfian dialect of Turquese had only minor changes in vocabulary, mostly similar to the continental dialect spoken in Lorantis.
Alphabet
In 1835 per order of Sultan Mehmet VI all Turqan languages of Demirhan Empi seere stopped being written in Mazanic script and new Common Turqan Alphabet was imposed on all of these languages. The change was a basis for Şneldorfian Kalmish alphabet and spelling reform which was introduced in 1856 by tekfur of the island, Albreht fon Hagen.
| Letter | A a |
B b |
C c |
Ç ç |
D d |
E e |
F f |
G g |
Ğ ğ |
H h |
I ı |
İ i |
J j |
K k |
L l |
M m |
N n |
O o |
Ö ö |
P p |
R r |
S s |
Ś ś |
Ş ş |
T t |
U u |
Ü ü |
V v |
Y y |
Z z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronunciation | /a/ | /b/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /d/ | /ɛ/ | /f/ | /g/ | /ː/ | /h/ | /ɯ/ | /i/ | /ʒ/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɔ/ | /œ/ | /p/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /u/ | /y/ | /v/ | /j/ | /ts/ |
| corresponding Kalmish letter(s) | a | b | dsch | tsch | d | ä, e | f | g | –[1] | ch, h | y | i | j[2] | k | l | m | n | o | ö | p | r | s[3] | s | sch | t | u | ü | w | j | z |
Grammar
Şneldorfian Kalmish went through three major changes in grammar. First is removal of grammatical genders with preservation of definite and undefinite articles and case system. Also unlike in standard Kalmish the article can be omitted, especially in speech, with the suffix added to the word. Additionally in common speech fifth case, locative, appears in place of more typical Kalmish complex construction using the mit preposition. The article table with an example can be seen below:
| Case | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite article | Undefinite article | Short form | Definite article | Short form | |
| Nominatif | der Sultan | ayn Sultan | Sultan | di Sultan | Sultani |
| Genitif | des Sultans | aynes Sultans | Sultans | der Sultane | Sultanere |
| Datif | dem Sultan | aynem Sultan | Sultanem | den Sultanen | Sultanen |
| Akkusatif | das Sultan | aynen Sultan | Sultanas | di Sultane | Sultane |
| Instrumentalis | mit dem Sultan | mit aynem Sultan | Sultanit | mit den Sultanen | Sultanenit |
Additionally in some cases where the meaning if the sentence is clear, the verb to be/sein can be omitted.
Sample text
Article 1 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
- Ingerish:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- Standard Kalmish:
Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen ausgestattet und sollen brüderlich miteinander umgehen.
- Şneldorfian Kalmish:
Alle Menşi fray ve eşet an Vürde ve Rehten geboren. Śi mit Fürśat ve Gevissen ausgeştattet ve śollen brüderlih mitaynander umgeyen.
Dictionary
| Şneldorfe Kalmiş word | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Abfur noun | Transport | |
| Absicht noun | Intent | |
| Adler noun | Eagle | |
| Ahse noun | Axis | |
| Alle pronoun | All | |
| Alt adjective | Old | |
| An preposition | In | |
| Anstand noun | Decency | |
| Apfel noun | Apple | |
| April noun | April | |
| Asalet noun | Justice | |
| Artig noun | Behaved | |
| Arzt noun | Doctor | |
| Ausgeştat verb | To endow | |
| Aynhayt noun | Unity | |
| Bağn noun | Railway | |
| Bakal noun | General store | |
| Bal noun | Ball | |
| Beşraybung noun | Description | |
| Beştimung noun | Destiny | |
| Bayer noun | Flag | |
| Beyet noun | Couplet | |
| Blat noun | Leaf | |
| Blaue noun, adjective | Blue | |
| Boren verb | To birth | |
| Brüderlih noun | Brotherhood | |
| Brüke noun | Bridge | |
| Buh noun | Book | |
| Burg noun | Castle | |
| Bühne noun | Scene | |
| Cami noun | Mosque | |
| Dalyan noun | Diving | |
| Demet noun | Bundle | |
| Depot noun | Depo | |
| Diamant noun | Diamond | |
| Dün adjective | Thin | |
| Ebene noun | Narrow | |
| Emay noun | Enamel | |
| Eng adjective | ||
| Engel noun | Angel | |
| Ente noun | Duck | |
| Erlösüng noun | Salvation | |
| Ernte noun | Crop | |
| Eroberer noun | Conqueror | |
| Eyren noun | Honour | |
| Fasan noun | Pheasant | |
| Fayn adjective | Cool, fine | |
| Fels noun | Rock | |
| Ferah noun | Spacious | |
| Feteran noun | Veteran | |
| Feudal adjective | Feudal | |
| Fidel noun | Violin | |
| Fihte noun | Spruce | |
| Fiş noun | Fish | |
| Fişer noun | Fisherman | |
| Flug noun | Flight | |
| Flughafen noun | Airport | |
| Flut noun | Flood | |
| Forşlaghamer noun | Sledgehammer | |
| Fortşrit noun | Progress | |
| Fray adjective | Free | |
| Fridhof noun | Graveyard | |
| Friş noun | Cool | |
| Froyndşaft noun | Friendship | |
| Früğling noun | Spring | Season |
| Füllüng adjective | Filling | |
| Fülya noun | Jonquil | |
| Fürśat noun | Reason | |
| Garten noun | Garden | |
| Gayst noun | Mind | |
| Gemeinde noun | Parish | |
| Genseblümşen noun | Daisy | |
| Gerehtişkayt noun | Fairness | |
| Gevir noun | Tangle | |
| Gevissen noun | Conscience | |
| Gevölbt noun | Arched | |
| Gör noun | Brat | |
| Graben noun | Ditch | |
| Gross adjective, adverb | Big | |
| Grün noun, adjective | Green | |
| Haber noun | News | |
| Hafen noun | Port | |
| Halbinsel noun | Peninsula | |
| Halbmond noun | Crescent | |
| Hand noun | Hand | |
| Harz noun | Heart | |
| Havyar noun | Cavior | |
| Haylige adjective, noun | Saint | |
| Hendler noun | Trader | |
| Haymat noun | Homeland | |
| Heylen adjective | Howling | |
| Hofnung noun | Hope | |
| İnsel noun | Island | |
| İnşrift noun | Inscription | |
| İslah noun | Improvement | |
| Kaligraf noun | Calligrapher | |
| Kamera noun | Camera | |
| Karte noun | Map | |
| Kasten noun | Box | |
| Katip noun | Clerk | |
| Kirşe noun | Church | |
| Klayn adjective, adverb | Small | |
| Klegblat noun | Clover leaf | |
| Knaype noun | Inn | |
| Komandant noun | Commander | |
| Koral noun | Coral | |
| Kosmos noun | Cosmos | |
| Koyle noun | Mine | |
| Kraftverk noun | Power plant | |
| Krehe noun | Crow | |
| Kristal adjective, noun | Crystal | |
| Kumer noun | Grief | |
| Kurz adjective, adverb | Short | |
| Lale noun | Tulip | |
| Lange adjective, adverb | Long | |
| Layhte adjective, adverb | Light | |
| Leyben noun | Life | |
| Leyrer noun | Teacher | |
| Libhaber noun | Lover | |
| Liht noun | Light | |
| Lila noun | Lilac | |
| Lilye noun | Lily | |
| Linde noun | Linden | |
| Loyte noun | Lute | |
| Mahir noun | Adept | |
| Mauer noun | Wall | |
| Mayn noun | Main | |
| Mayster noun | Master | |
| Menge noun | Amount | |
| Menş noun | Man | |
| Mer noun | Sea | |
| Meydan noun | Square | |
| Milbe noun | Mite | |
| Mit preposition | With | |
| Mitaynander adverb | Together | |
| Morgen noun | Morning | |
| Mutiş adjective | Brave | |
| Nazyon noun | Nation | |
| Nazyonal noun | National | |
| Nelke noun | Clove | |
| Neyen verb | Sew | |
| Nilüfer noun | Water lily | |
| Noye adjective | New | |
| Olive noun | Olive | |
| Opus noun | Work; masterpiece | Artistic form of work |
| Orhideğ noun | Orchid | |
| Örde noun | Army | |
| Park noun | Park | |
| Perle noun | Pearl | |
| Perven noun | Propeller | |
| Prayleray noun | Boast | |
| Profezeyung noun | Prophecy | |
| Raum noun | Space | |
| Rayf adjective | Mature | |
| Rayl noun | Rail | |
| Rayśender noun | Traveller | |
| Regyerung noun | Government | |
| Rehte noun | Right | |
| Reygel noun | Rule | |
| Risal noun | Tractate | |
| Ritterlih noun | Knightship | |
| Rogen noun | Roe | |
| Rośe noun | Rose | |
| Rot noun, adjective | Red | |
| Röbber noun | Robber | |
| Sanay noun | Industry | |
| Sarga noun | Wrap | |
| Satire noun | Satire | |
| Sebat noun | Persistence | |
| Seren noun | Boom | |
| Seynśuht noun | Longing | |
| Sezling noun | Sapling | |
| Soldat noun | Soldier | |
| Stasyon noun | Station | |
| Süd noun | South | |
| Şenkel noun | Thig | |
| Şiksal noun | Fate | |
| Şmyed noun | Smith | |
| Şpital noun | Hospital | |
| Şpize noun | Hill | |
| Ştad noun | City | |
| Ştağt noun | State | |
| Ştigma noun | Symptom | |
| Ştrasse noun | Street | |
| Şüle noun | School | |
| Şvarz noun, adjective | Black | |
| Śeğ noun | Lake | |
| Śeğle noun | Soul | |
| Śeğman noun | Seaman | |
| Śelten noun | Rare | |
| Śi pronoun | They | |
| Śiher adjective, adverb | Sure | |
| Śollen verb | Should | |
| Tafelland noun | Plateau | |
| Tatil noun | Holiday | |
| Tryumf noun | Victory | |
| Tugend noun | Virtue | |
| Tuhmaher noun | Clothier | |
| Tür noun | Door, gate | |
| Umgeyen verb | To evade | |
| Überleybt noun | Survivor | |
| Vaysse noun | White | |
| Ve noun | And | |
| Veg noun | Way | |
| Velt noun | World | |
| Vürde noun | Dignity | |
| Vüste noun | Desert | |
| Yaht noun | Yacht | |
| Yavuś noun | Dangerous, terrible | |
| Yura noun | Law | |
| Zeder adjective, noun | Cedar | |
| Zeygen noun | Blessingl | |
| Zıpresse noun | Cypress | |
| Zug noun | Train | |
| Zvek noun | Purpose |