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11, 36.4229, 119.3088
Pyingshum-sur
City
The Sunmyuel Tyanhā Canal feeding into the river Kime in Mómauel-Pang
Motto: "Pyáfu, tujú" Rise, always
Country	Kojo
Demonym	Pyingshumanian
Area
• Total	1302 km2
Population
• Census (2015)	8 600 000
• Density	6 605/km2
Metro	17 lines + 5 highly branched Papáchē routes

Pyingshum (pjiŋɕɯm, old script: xxx) is the capital and biggest city of Kojo. It is the centre of politics, culture and commerce as well as the country's main transportation hub.

History

Pre-historic

The area around today's Pyingshum was inhabited by various tribes without apparent cultural connections or language since the stone age. There have been various findings of ancient tools and cave drawings as well as primitive clothing. Earliest housing and farming facilities found date back to around 9,000 b.c.

The 3 ages (old classics)

The time between the formation of civilisation and the take over of the early Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty is usually, when referring to the area around Pyingshum, divided into 3 ages; The 1st age starts with the first permanent settlements along the river Kime, which flowed in a slightly different bed at that time. These small agricultural communities were formative to large areas along major rivers in Kojo with fertile land.

The 2nd age is usually seen between 200 and 950. During this time the first small cities were forming, amongst them the ancient ancestor of today's Pyingshum, Tyússen. This settlement was developing on a major hill carved by the river Kime, and is today known as the Castle Hill in Kūtokkyaen-Pang. There are no physical remains of this city.

In the 3rd age, lasting from ~950 to 1249, the region entered a temporarily dark age due to some phases of intense wars and fighting. Several small potentates in the region tried to seize power from each other. Eventually, after a large battle, Abdi-Likk and his troops appeared to have won and captured the city of Tyússen on today's Castle Hill. Damaged by the intense fighting, they rebuild much of the town in a few years. However, meanwhile the Krun'a merchant family, who had more or less ruled over the city previously, managed to secretly gain support amongst opponents of Abdi-Likk, and prepared for a surprising re-capturing of Tyússen. In 1249 they stormed the yet unfortified city with the unified troops of many formerly inexpiable fighters, and killed all members of Abdi-Likk's clan. They completely burned down the city and used all materials to build their new fortress on the top of the hill. The new city, "Pyilsshum'yu", developed at the feet of the hill. The Krun'a clan formed the new Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty lineage, in which many of the collaborates were included via marriages and other arrangements.

Early Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty

From 1249 to around 1620 the Pyilser-krun'a lineage controlled the area around Pyingshum relatively unchallenged, and the city was slowly growing at the feet of Castle Hill, which itself was mostly kept as a garden for the royal family. Many remains of this old Pyingshum can still be seen today in Kūtokkyaen-Pang. The remains of the Old City Wall "Kū Tokkyaenbu" still mark the area occupied by this oldest part of the city . The kingdom was one of many in the area of today's Kojo, which was a rag rug of small kingdoms and principalities. However this relative peace was about to come to a sudden end.

Civil War and Emerging as Capital of Kojo

Caused by an escalating civil war between the countless many kingdoms and a great famine in 1620, huge parts of the population in the area of today's Kojo and immediate surroundings were forced to flee and relocate, mingling language and culture. As a result, all political structures were disrupted, and only few kings were able to stay in charge of their kingdoms or principalities. Things slowly settled down for about 40 years, while the survivors of the big migration wave started to build their new lives and new political structures arouse where the former sovereigns lost control. Due to a good balance of handling the mass influx of foreigners to the city and surroundings while at the same time upholding military strength again concurring kingdoms, Pyingshum was not as heavily damaged as many other major cities and emerged from the big wave under good conditions. Because the kingdom happened to do quite well economically and influentially after the wave, King Surb Rēkku from the Pyilser-krun'a dynasty intensified his aspiration to gain more control over the other kingdoms in the area from the early 1630's on, and his family's kingdom slowly rose in power.

In 1622, 4 years into his reign and at the age of 20, he had married 18 years old Chihaya Nabunga, daughter of the Hopponese leader Ato Nabunga and his concubine, or rather co-empress, Queen Riya. The Hopponese leader hoped that the marriage would improve general political stability in the north; marrying his daughter to the Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty, he gambled that Surb Rēkku would be able to unify the area of today's Kojo. Eventually, 4 years before his death, in 1668, an area quite similar to today's Kojo was unified by the King and his Hopponese wife, and Pyingshum became the capital of the new Kingdom of Kojo. The country entered a phase called "High Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty", which was marked by a large draw of administration, science and trade to the new nation's capital, where it flourish. Also, the marriage to Hopponese royalty not only had a vast influence on rules and rites in the royal court itself, but also drew, in addition to the already quite extensive court society, a considerable number of Hopponese admirers who followed their beloved Chihaya and settled down in Kojo permanently. This had a large impact on the the Kojolese language, whose modern variant is largely influenced by royal Pyilser and Hopponese.

On the aspect of city planning, Surb Rēkku also commissioned a large extension to the century-old city wall. The large influx of new inhabitants from all over the country into the already crammed city made him to mandate the drainage of the swampy area to the west of the old city, and the constructible surface area of the city quadrupled by 1663. This demonstration of will for expansion was one of the many factor which promoted the peaceful unification of Kojo 5 years later. He also started building the "Beautiful Princess Nobun'ga Bridge" ("Mēonra Nabun'ga Kamul") in the new western part of the city, which posed the first permanent construction crossing the river. At the adjacent market square there is the Hopponese Quarter "Hoppon no Machi" (ホッポンの街).

In the year of the Kojolese unification in 1668, Surb Rēkku opened this bridge, and it still is a major tourist attraction today.

High Pyilser-krun'a Dynasty

As the capital city of the Kojolese Kingdom, the city of Pyingshum established itself as the unchallenged primate city in the wider region as trade, higher education and bureaucracy went through the roof. Up to 1826, for a total of 577 years since 1249, it was under direct control of the Pyilser-krun'a dynasty, which from 1668 on governed all of Kojo from there. Around the beginning of the 19th century, the King commissioned the first planned expansion of the city in post-medieval times, with the erection of Jiuefum Bei, "Rectangle Quarters", in today's Goengyuē-Pang. For the most part however, the monarchy wasn't too concerned with mindfully facilitating the population growth caused by the first effects of the upcoming industrialisation.

Industrialisation and the down-throw of the Monarchy

As the first vibe of industrialisation swept through the country, social problems became apparent, and unrest was forming in the workers' quarters. Leading up to the 1820's, the people were dissatisfied with their extravagant and incompetent ruler's way of spending enormous amounts of money on splendour and luxury while the housing conditions in the city became more than unbearable, and finally overthrew monarchy violently, but without much resistance from the military, which had its own plans, in 1828. It stormed the castle atop castle hill, and most members of the royal family were killed.

A semi-democratic constitution was written and proclaimed in 1834, and the relatively new government saw itself confronted with a relatively full treasury, which it took over from the royals and other aristocratic families. So it came that the national parliament decided in the 1840's that to the north-north-west of the old city core, where there was space to build on, a new capital was to be erected at a small distance to the historic, "archaic" city centre, with wide boulevards radiating from the centre-piece, the Arc of Unity. In these government quarters the new democratic institutions got established. The road layout as well as the architecture was supervised by lead city planner and architect Tunmaldu-Oejaén Ozuman, and the city centres still attracts visitors today who marvel the distinct Ozuman Style. Modern Ozuman Chezi, formerly a royal country estate, was turned into a temporary passenger railway station until a sustainable solution was to be found; this was extremely popular as it was perceived as an act of revenge against the former monarchy. Despite soaring usage, is was used as a railway station for several years, with temporary platforms being erected at its back pointing towards the south and the west. At the same time, the building of today's Humenyamin Chezi was built, originally as a large market and exhibition hall.

Although the city planners knew that over time the two city centres would probably merge and together form the centre of a much larger city, the unexpected quick rise of industrialisation drew so much people into the city that after just a few years the city duplicated in size. Railway traffic increased as well, and soon the new temporary passenger railway station was at its limits. It was decided to build the new Limbē-Dyanchezi in the west, where formerly there only was a railway yard, and to cut back the tracks leading to Ozuman-Chezi (however a considerable section was then converted to the new metro line 2). This was the last major change to the urban shape of Daiamondoshi-Pang, and it also gave way to developing large parts of Kami so Kuruchi-Pang and Senjahi-Pang following a similar style as the successful Daiamondoshi. Limbē-Dyanchezi handled its first commercial trains in early 1872. A couple of years later, in 1880, Aku-Dyanchezi opened in the far, yet undeveloped south of the capital, however due to a missing metro link at the new station (line 1 would reach the station only many decades alter) the western terminus remained the city's busiest railway station for a long time.

The first section of metro line 1 began operation in 1891, and already in 1892 line 2 run from east to west to connect Daiamondoshi-Pang from the the great amber market hall (now Humenyamin Chezi) and the former Ozuman Chezi with the new western far-distance railway station.

Approaching the 20th century the metro system continued to grow steadily.

20th Century

Modern times

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Pyingshum, Kojo (1981-2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	8.9 (48)	11.6 (53)	16.7 (62)	21.8 (71)	26.3 (79)	30.6 (87)	32.1 (90)	31.9 (89)	28.5 (83)	22.6 (73)	16.0 (61)	10.2 (50)	21.43 (71)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.8 (39)	6.4 (44)	11.2 (52)	16.2 (61)	21.2 (70)	25.6 (78)	27.3 (81)	26.8 (80)	23.1 (74)	16.8 (62)	9.5 (49)	5.2 (41)	16.1 (61)
Average low °C (°F)	−0.7 (31)	1.4 (35)	5.7 (42)	10.6 (51)	15.8 (60)	20.3 (69)	22.2 (72)	21.6 (71)	17.4 (63)	11.1 (52)	5.5 (42)	0.7 (33)	10.97 (52)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	80.1	90.5	118.1	115.7	110.4	73.2	95.6	56.2	60.5	81.1	115.4	119.8	1,116.6
Average rainy days	7.9	8.5	9.6	8.5	8.1	7.2	6.5	5.9	5.5	6.7	7.8	7.9	90.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours	167	174	215	255	302	321	327	307	251	245	246	173	2,983
Source: Kojolese Meteorological Agency.

Transportation

Road Network

There are several highways feeding into the city from other parts of the country. They all connect to the G1 - Pyingshum-Góso Kul, a ring motorway enwrapping the inner city. There is also an outer ring highway with a radius of about 15 km, consisting of several interconnected tangential motorways. There are 5 highways that extend into the inner city to grant quick access to the motorway network.

Since the rise of motorisation traffic policies in Pyingshum have been constantly dealing with the soaring usage of cars: while on one hand trying to meet the demand by implementing appropriate traffic solutions, car usage in the inner city is being discouraged in a number of ways. Especially in the inner city car traffic is discouraged by a number of policies; since the 60's, many narrow streets in central neighbourhoods have been transformed into pedestrian and bike-only paths. Also the vast public transportation network has constantly been upgraded to ensure sufficient mobility for the city's inhabitants. There is virtually none free public parking, and high fees are imposed on car ownership in the inner city in general. Like most national highways, users have to pay tolls to use them; in Pyingshum during rush hour, additional congestion charges apply. The city has two designated low emission zones. Zone I includes the area inside of the outer highway ring, and with the exception of the motorway leading to the harbour and the harbour area itself highly polluting vehicles are banned here. Zone II covers the inner city inside of the inner highway ring, and here Diesel as well as even less polluting vehicles as in zone I are prohibited from entering. It is possible to buy-out one's vehicle from this ban by paying, depending on the vehicle's emissions, a fee from 3,500 Zubi up to 15,000 Zubi (~600 int$) per month. The car sticker given out to these exempt vehicles is also known as "Daiamondoshi-medal", because most of them belong to a super rich elite who resides in Daiamondoshi-Pang, who are willing to pay these exorbitant amounts to be still able to show off their prestige cars.

Public Transportation in Pyingshum

Main article: Public Transportation in Pyingshum

Railway

Pyingshum is the country's main railway node. It is connected to the other major cities of the country via the IC (InterCity), a THC high speed train system that reaches speeds up to 320 km/h, and the supplementing CC network. They serves the city's three far-distance train stations, Limbē-Dyanchezi (Western Far-Distance Station), Kibō-Dyanchezi (Northern Far-Distance Station) and Aku-Dyanchezi (Southern Far-Distance Station). Transfer between these stations has to take place via the Chitakyoe Huwochē (Subway) or the Papáta Huwochē (Express trains). Most large cities in Kojo have a direct connection to the capital.

The following table shows all IC and CC routes serving Pyingshum:

Number	Stops			Headway	Rolling Stock	Notes
IC 1	Pyingshum ADC, Kahyuemgúchi, Leshfyomi-sul, Púlmaerong ZC (Kippa), Kippa ZC, Láoféi, Kimelíngsan-shu, Jaka Kayaran			1 h	(3+3)	-/-
IC 1 E	Pyingshum ADC, Kippa ZC, Jaka Kayaran			1 h	(4S+4)	-/-
IC 3	Pyingshum ADC, Kahyuemgúchi, Nároggul, Igilaē, Womenlū, Zúkshi (Fóskiman h.), Finkyáse,		Marbella, Ataraxie-Ville	1 h	(4+4)	-/-
			Ántibes	1 h	(4+4)	-/-
				1 h	(4+4)	-/-
IC 3 E	Pyingshum ADC, Finkyáse		Ataraxie-Ville	1 h	(4S+4S)	-/-
			Ántibes	2 h	(4S+4)	-/-
IC 4	Pyingshum KDC, Pyingshum International Airport, Formajiá, Īme Abuchezi, Wenzū ZC, Yoyomi ZC, (Ekkisom - Almun Alchakkya IC), Kwaengdō ZC, Kwaengdō Shaddóti			1 h	(3+3)	-/-
IC 4 E	Pyingshum KDC, Yoyomi, Kwaengdō ZC,		Zúkshi (Cheryuman h.), Tsuyenji	1 h	(4S+4)	-/-
			Kwaengdō Shaddóti	1 h	(4S+4)	-/-
IC 5	Pyingshum ADC, Kahyuemgúchi, Leshfyomi-sul, Púlmaerong ZC (Kippa), Kippa ZC, Tamrong, Hetta, Womenlū, Zúkshi (Fóskiman h.), Finkyáse			1 h	2N	-/-
IC 5 E	Pyingshum ADC, Kippa ZC, Hetta, Womenlū, Finkyáse			1 h	2N	-/-
IC 6	Pyingshum KDC	Busakyueng ZC		1 h	(3+3)	-/-
		(Makalasueng), Busakyueng Limbē, (Moéshada/Busakyueng Dōdaeki A'éropō Dōzi), Nainmijaeuel, Góhomi		1 h	(4+4)	-/-
IC 7	Pyingshum KDC, (Pyingshum International Airport), (Formajiá), (Īme Abuchezi), Wenzū, Yoyomi, Kari, Toefyei			1 h	(3+3), (4+4)	-/-
IC 8	Pyingshum KDC, (Pyingshum International Airport), (Formajiá), (Īme Abuchezi), Wenzū, Rō, Arákkanai			30 min	2N	-/-
IC 9	Pyingshum LDC, Oreppyo, Kōnil, Manlung			1 h	2N	-/-
CC 30	Fenelec, Geryong, Palda, Oreppyo, Pyingshum LDC	Kibō-Kōsa Chezi (Pyingshum), Makalasueng, Busakyueng ZC		3 h	2, (1N+1N)	-/-
				1 h	(4+4)	-/-
CC 42	Toribiri, Namel Pyuraha,	Zuede-Fuwō Dōzi (Pyingshum), Sújoshí, Kimaéchul, Púlmaerong ZC (Kippa), Kippa ZC, Kippa Akuchezi		1 h	2	-/-
		Pyingshum LDC		1 h	2	-/-
CC 53	Pyingshum ADC, Sújoshí, Kimaéchul, Púlmaerong ZC (Kippa), Kippa ZC, Kippa Akuchezi, Rō, Arákkanai			2 h	1N	-/-
CC 60	Pyingshum KDC, Kibō-Kōsa Chezi (Pyingshum), Makalasueng, Busakyueng Limbē, Unzai			2 h	2	-/-
CC 70	Pyingshum KDC, Dyong Hyengkōsa Dōzi (Pyingshum), Tarappel-Finglyúson, Línai			2 h	2	-/-
CC 71	Pyingshum LDC, Zuede-Fuwō Dōzi (Pyingshum), (PH), Chin-Jōrin, Shangmē			1 h	1N, 2	-/-

In addition to high-speed trains, Pyingshum is also heavily serviced by KC and KCP trains, which have a maximum speed of 160 km/h (120 km/h for the regular KC trains). They are covered in Public Transportation in Pyingshum.

Airport

The Pyingshum International Airport is the city's major airport and also functions as hub for all of Kojo. It was opened in 1978, and the most recent major upgrade was completed in 2009. With 6 Terminals and 104 gates its total capacity is around 70 million passengers a year, which it is currently operating at.

Up to 1978 Longte Puechaésa A'éropō in Porāgu-Dengshō south of the city centre and the even older Kū A'éropō in Onsen-tōjiru-Pang in the inner city had to facilitate all civil air traffic of the city and were hopelessly over-strained. After the opening of the new modern airport, Kū A'éropō was closed down to all air traffic, and while some of the airfield was zoned for housing and dedicated to a new major railway line with six tracks, most was left open and is intensively used by the locals as a recreational zone.

By 1982, all scheduled air traffic had been relocated from Longte Puechaésa A'éropō as well, and two of the three runways were closed down and also turned into parks and residential zones. The airport and its single runway left now have a very diversified usage; LPA is used as a military base which most notably the government uses for official flights and state receptions, express air-cargo such as organs or medicine are flown in, the main terminal building now hosts a convention centre and other facilities, and private jets flying to and from Pyingshum usually start and land here instead of the larger airport due to shorter taxiing times and less congested air space.

Harbour

Pyingshum's ports are situated along the river Kime. From north to south, these are:

• Kókōburyu harbour
• Sunmyuel Tyanhā harbour in Mómauel-Pang (touristic river cruises only)
• Kansokkuwīdoling harbour in Róng'yeda-Pang (leisure and river cruises only)
• xxx harbour with the new Olympia Stadium
• xxx harbour, which also hosts the largest multi-modal goods transfer facility in Pyingshum between rail, ship and road
• Zāle/Kime harbour, a small harbour at the convergence of these two rivers
• xxx harbour in the suburb, partly turned into a recreational area

Economy

As the primate and capital city of the country, Pyingshum is seat of most of the country's major companies' headquarters and nearly all constitutional bodies of government (namely beside the highest courts, which are situated in Igilaē and other cities). As a result, the city's biggest employer is the government, followed by the Pyingshum Kōkyō Susyong Unzuó(Pyingshum Puplic Transport Authority), the Ginjin Ōnagara and Star, a shopping mall conglomerate founded in Kojo.

In the new CBD from the late 20th century Chinkágaldosim-Pang, situated in the south of the inner city, there is the Pyingshum Conference Centre, a large tent-like structure that hosts major conferences and other business gatherings.

With an area of over 1,000,000 m² the Pyingshum Exhibition Centre in the south of the city is on of the world's largest trade fairs, hosting major fairs and congresses, conventions and other events of high importance all year round. It is situated next to Pyingshum Exhibition Centre Dōzi.

The city is also seat of the Pyingshum Stock Exchange, the only internationally recognised stock exchange in Kojo.

Politics and Administration

Administrative Divisions and Demographics

Main article: Administrative divisions in Kojo
The city is divided into 9 boroughs, the Dengshōs. The Dengshōs in Pyingshum are numbered from 1 to 9, with number 1 being the inner city and the other 8 being counted clockwise from the north around the inner city. Dengshōs are subdivided into Pangs, which can be compared to wards or city quarters.

Pyingshum is very densely populated, with an average population density of 6,325 inhabitants per km² on an area of 1301.2 km². The metropolis' inner city is defined by the G1 - Pyingshum-góso kul, the city's highway ring. Its area is 106.8 km² and 2,719,100 people live here, giving it a population density of 25,460 people per km². As the largest city in Kojo it has attracted numerous immigrants from other countries, with roughly 15 % of the population being born outside of the country, and 8 % holding a nationality other than Kojolese. The largest home countries are Ataraxia, Hoppon, Wiwaxia...

List of Dengshōs in Pyingshum

List of Pangs in Dengshō 1 - Dosyaeng

List of Pangs in Dengshō 2 - Kókōburyu

List of Pangs in Dengshō 3 - Sasu so Kyaeng

List of Pangs in Dengshō 4 - Akuchaeki

List of Pangs in Dengshō 5 - Porāgu

List of Pangs in Dengshō 6 - Mezoérushi

List of Pangs in Dengshō 7 - Indásugwo-Manpyalsul

List of Pangs in Dengshō 8 - Zaelkom

List of Pangs in Dengshō 9 - Wakéyoel máre Man

Elections

Like all municipalities in Kojo, the city of Pyingshum can decide about its internal structures autonomously. As one of only few cities in Kojo, the dengshōs have their own local "borough-councils" and mayors, and a number of responsibilities that are handled on a city-wide-level in most other Kojolese cities are dealt with by the boroughs (school buildings, parks, local culture, offices of public order, preservation...). However, the city council has the power to overwrite any specific decision by a dengshōs council, and the boroughs also don't command their own bureaucracy. Instead, the borough-councils direct their resolutions towards the city's administration, which then implements them.

Other than that, the political system of Pyingshum follows the most common model in the country: a directly elected mayor heads the city's administration, represents the city, and their vote decides in case of a tie in the council. The city council is made up of elected councillors who decide about the city's budget and can overwrite any decision by the bureaucratic administration. The mayor is elected in a city-wide election every 6 years in such a way the election is usually one year apart to the council's election. If no candidate reaches more than 50 % of valid votes in the first round there is a deciding round between the two strongest candidates. The current mayor, Riko Lazákom-Gomez, is not party-affiliated but attested to ideologically align with BF and AFK.

The council consists of 97 councilmen and -women, elected every four years by proportional representation in 13 constituencies. In every constituency every party can compile a list of up to 20 candidates, indicating the party's preference regarding their order. Independent candidates can run as well. Every voter can either cast three votes for any candidates they like, even if they run on different party lists, or cast all three votes for a party list with no regards to the candidates. Independent candidates are elected if they gain at least 13.4048% of votes in their constituency. The number of seats a party wins on the city council is proportional to its share of all votes cast for its lists city-wide; only parties with a share of votes larger than 4% are considered. The number of seats of a party allocated to a party's constituency list is proportional to the share of that list's votes from all votes for that party city wide. The seats on a party's lists are allocated to candidates in the order of their number of votes. Additionally, in every constituency the candidate with the most votes is guaranteed a seat on the council. If councillors leave the council more than 3 months before an election, the seat is filled by the candidate with the next most voted on the list.

The 2018 municipal election resulted in the following seat distribution:

Party	Seats
RK (centre-conservative)	23
MDK (social-democratic)	19
BF (green)	18
AFK (liberal)	13
GD (socialist)	11
GAN (authoritarian-right)	6
MKL (nationalistic-ecologists)	4
Independent candidates	3

On the borough level (Dengshō) Pyingshum is one of only two Kojolese cities that have another elected level of government. While the election of the local borough-councils are analogous and simultaneous to the city-council, the borough mayors are not decided by the people directly but instead elected by the borough-councils. They are also not head of the local administration but instead perform mostly representative functions. Unlike the city councillors and the mayor, sitting on a borough-council or being borough-mayor are honorary offices with small expense allowances instead of fixed renumerations. Additionally, the borough-councils appoint neighbourhood-boards. They are made up of 5-30 adept residents of the Pang who advise the borough- and sometimes city-council on local matters.

Municipal Administration

The mayor heads the city's administration. He is sided by council-elected sub-mayors who head certain departments of the city administration, mirroring the role of ministers at the national level. Every department contains several municipal agencies (buéro), each responsible for a certain area of administration and usually further subdivided into smaller units and municipal enterprises. Unlike the national administration however, the mayor can formally issue instructions to the sub-mayors. Also unlike on the national level, the sub-mayors usually (with the exception of I and V) do not command a dedicated agency akin to a ministry, instead directly managing their subordinate agencies. The following organisation chart displays the structure of Pyingshum's administration to the buéro-level. For detailed information about the role of municipal, regional and national governance, refer to the main article.

Important institutions seated in Pyingshum

As the capital of Kojo, Pyingshum is the seat of many of the national government's institutions. Additionally, many regional and international institutions are seated here.

National government institutions:

Iki embassies:

Pyingshum-iki institutions:

Pyingshum-sur institutions:

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs):

Tourism

Pyingshum is a highly frequented tourist destination for both international and domestic visitors. It is estimated that about 10 million international visitors come to the city every year (spending an average 3.8 nights and 2990 Zubi (130 USD) per night), with an additional 6 million overnight guests from inside Kojo (average: 2.0 nights); the number of domestic day visitors (excluding regular commuters) is thought to be around 40 million, however these numbers are hard to estimate.

Education

With 530,000 students enrolled, Pyingshum is by far the largest location of tertiary education in Kojo by number of students.

The biggest institution for tertiary education in Pyingshum and all of Kojo is the public Ginjin Ōnagara university. The university's campi are spread through the city centre, and in total there are 256,900 students enrolled. There are a handful of smaller public and private universities across the city.

Leisure

Parks

Aside many small public green spaces and tree lines on bigger boulevards there are also many designated large recreational zones across the city.

-list to be added-

Beaches

Alongside the river Kime, which flows through the city, some artificial beaches have been created for recreational purposes. In Kūtokkyaen-Pang, on the north side of the river, there has always been a small and narrow path in between the river and the steep cliffs. In the 1970's, especially due to a year-round much more regular water flow coming from the now dammed upper reaches of the river, this narrow area was transformed into a pedestrian and bicycle "express route" alongside a narrow strip of sand. This area is not comfortable for bathing though, as there is a 2 meters drop from the sand, which has to be hold back by a slim barrier, to the actual water level.

To the north, on the western side of the river in A'eru-Pang and opposite to Namgangshu-Pang there is a much wider beach that is also suited for swimming. It has several pedestrian bridges crossing the river leading to the party-quarter of [[[Namgangshu-Pang]].

Zoo and Botanical Garden

The Pyingshum Bikkimolno-Dyangfuē (lit. Animal-things Exhibition, usually shortened to "Bikkifuē" for Zoo) is a the largest Zoo in Pyingshum with over XX different enclosures and XX annual visitors. It is situated on the north of the inner Dengshō, alongside the circular motorway.

The Guóhuwei-kenzai is an old botanical garden close to the old city as well as the government quarters. It features a basic symmetrical layout and a huge glass hall, with a length of 195 m, a maximum width of 95 m and a ceiling reaching as high as 75 m. The hall has a significant warm climate and is an architectural attraction.

Urban hinterland

Pyingshum is surrounded by farmland, forestry areas, Zāle Chumchokkyigu (Zāle water meadows) and some little artificial lakes from former quarries or gravel-pits. The country side is an important get-away for the urban population, and on sunny weekends many villages and lake sides in the wider Pyingshum area become flocked with relaxation seeking day trippers.

Sports and Culture

Major Libraries and Archives

• Zággai Besoegawan (National Libary), 1944, in Kami so Kuruchi-Pang. Most comprehensive library in Kojo, hosting one print of every Kojolese publication ever made since its opening as well as a large international collection.
• Ashkal so Besoegawan (World's Library), under construction in Kami so Kuruchi-Pang. Project by the World-Archive Organisation, aiming to collect and safely store compressed hardware-backups (such as in the form of quartz-chrystals) of the world's great scientific and poetic literature, news and artworks.
• Zággai Altífō (National Archive), 2003, in PH-Pang. Dedicated to storing and preserving all unique objects of value to Kojolese cultural or historical identity that are not on exhibit in art museums or similar. Ranging from war machinery to mummies and earth probes.

Museums

• Jōbun Chigai-Showugan (People's Art Museum), 1847, Ōnagara-Pang, mostly Kojolese and some foreign artists of all periods
• Jōbun Lishi-Showugan (People's History Museum), 1888, Goengyuē-Pang, national museum of history
• Pyingshum Lishi Showugan (Pyingshum History Museum), 2009, Kūtokkyaen-Pang, incorporating old structures of the royal military barracks and modern buildings. Dedicated to the development and history of the city.
• Pyingshum Chénbyue (Château Pyinshum), 1964 Kūtokkyaen-Pang, former palace of the Pyilser-krun'a dynasty that was left in ruins since the revolution. Open-air museum about the obsolete Kojolese monarchy
• Ashkal so Lánche Whowugan (Museum of the World of Insects), 1913, Lí-Pang adjacent to the Botanical Garden
• Demomínzu so Showugan (Democracy Museum), 1976, Goengyuē-Pang at the People's Square next to the Parliament
• Shínchopō so Showugan (Museum of the Constitution), 1942, Daiamondoshi-Pang at the central circus

Performing Arts

• Kū Gekkwae (Old Theatre, former Royal Theatre), 1812, Kūtokkyaen-Pang, 480 spectators
• Jōbun-Myeru so Gekkwae (Theatre of the Republic), 1839, Daiamondoshi-Pang, 1130 spectators
• Gēshusamnengwe (Opera House), 1860, Gankakuchō-Pang, 1950 spectators
• Pétanyaé Gekkwae (Pretanic Theatre), 1897, Hintajuemba-Pang, 650 spectators
• Yínyuē-Taitaiwe (Concert hall), 1901, Senjahi-Pang, 3850 spectators

Sport and Event Venues

• Pyingshum Kū Aenkaiwe (Pyingshum Old Stadium), Wakawushi-Pang
  The area the building itself is occupying is approximately 36,000 m² and it seats around 50,000 people. It was build in the late 1960's, and therefore doesn't conform with many modern standards and expectations for a large international stadium anymore. It is mostly used for 2nd league sport matches or as an alternative to the new stadium, when no other option is available. It has been discussed several times to tear it down and replace it with newer sporting facilities.
• Pyingshum Ashkal Aenkaiwe (Pyingshum World Stadium)
  Built on a partly abandoned rail yard space in the south-western harbour, contains not only a multi functional stadium arena for team sports such as football, but also several swimming arenas and other inside sporting facilities. The stadium with a building footprint of 74,000 m² can seat up to 85,000 spectators.
• STAR Kaijōmengwe (STAR Event Hall), Kyáoling-Pang
  Mass events like concerts, indoor-sport etc. Depending on the floor layout it can accommodate up 70,000 visitors if demanded.

For the Pyingshum Exhibition Centre and the Pyingshum Conference Centre see #Economy.