User:Izaland Terramorphing Committee/Sandbox/Izaki Language and Peralia: Difference between pages

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A brief manual of Izaki language, the conlang under development for Izaland.  
{{Infobox country
|coords_zoom = 6
|coords_lat = -36.490
|coords_long = 137.521
|common_name = Peralia
|image_flag = Peralia Flag.png
|national_motto =Peace and Prosperity
|capital = [[Creswick, Peralia|Creswick]]
|largest_city = capital
|official_languages = [[Ingerish]]
|ethnic_groups =
|ethnic_groups_year =
|religion = Secular
|demonym = Peralian
|government_type =Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy
|leader_title1 =Governor
|leader_name1 =TBD
|leader_title2 =Premier
|leader_name2 =TBD
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|legislature = Parliament of Peralia
|area_km2 =
|area_sq_mi =
|population_census = 4,728,361
|population_census_year = 2019
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|GDP_PPP =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|HDI = 0.937
|HDI_year = 2020
|HDI_change = {{increase}}
|timezone = WUT+08:30
|drives_on_the = right
|currency = Deodecan Dollars
|currency_code = DCD
|cctld = .dc
|calling_code =
|image_coat=Coat of Arms of Peralia.jpg}}


Basically it is a language isolate, however many elements are inspired by Japanese, Korean and Finnish Languages.
Peralia, officially the '''Province of Peralia''' is a province in north-eastern [[Deodeca]]. It is one of the largest provinces in terms of population density, but this is largely due to its smallish area. The province is known for its mixed nature, with large agricultural areas in the east, mining in the south and hilly forest in the north-east, although this is inconsistent with some forested areas in the farming and mining areas etc. It borders [[Queen Adelaide Island]] in the west, [[Clamash]] to the north and east, and [undeveloped province] to the south.


= Phonology - 音声学 =
Peralia has been settled for tens of thousands of years by first nations people. Beginning in the late 18th century, Deodeca as a whole began to be colonised by the [[Ingerish Commonwealth|Ingerish Empire]], with Peralia itself being colonised beginning in 1832. The pronvice is one of the most influential due to its large population.


== Sounds ==
The largest city and the provincial capital of Peralia is [[Creswick]], although within Creswick there are various other "cities" (old towns that eventually merged into the metropolitan area), such as [[Hastings]]. Creswick is located on the estuary of the Jersey River, which flows from Western Clamash.  
Izaki language has an average number of consonant sounds, and a limited number of vocalic sounds, making it a pretty easy to pronounce language.  


=== Vowels ===
Peralia has x seats in the TBD (Federal Lower House) and x seats in the TBD (Federal Upper House). At provincial level, the Parliament of Peralia consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Labour-Socialist Coalition, led by TBD as premier, has governed Peralia since 2016. The Governor of Peralia, the representative of the Monarchy of Deodeca in the state, is currently TBD. Victoria is divided into x local government areas, as well as several unincorporated areas which the state administers directly.
Izaki has 5 vowels and 2 semivowels. The 5 vowels can have a short or a long sound:
 
=History=
Before Ingerish settlement, the province was settled quite extensively by First Nations peoples. However, no large settlements were developed, instead with smaller spread out communities.
 
Ingerish settlement of the area began in 1832. Peralia was initially part of a large territory in the east, with the present boundaries emerging in 1851 when Peralia became its own colony. Self-government was achieved in 1853 and Peralia began rapidly developing. 
 
Peralia celebrated 100 years of being its own colony/province in 1951, with 150 years in 2001. There has been some talk about splitting off from Deodeca and becoming an independent nation in recent years, however polls indicate only around 15-25% of Peralians support this proposal, with consistent polls indicating most Peralians wish to remain in Deodeca.
 
=Geography=
Limestone Hills - large hill area in the northeast, extends into neighbouring Clamash
 
Riverlands - large farming area in the inner east with many rivers, used for growing wheat, barley, rice, cotton, and some fruits like oranges and apples
 
=Government=
'''<big>Deodecan Parliament</big>'''
 
The Deodecan Parliament assists with funding projects within Peralia, interprovincial projects, and Deodeca as a whole, and is a bicameral legislature.
 
===Peralian Provincial Government===
Peralia has a bicameral provincial government which funds projects within Peralia as well as some projects that link other provinces to Peralia. The parliament consists of the lower house (legislative assembly) and upper house (legislative council). The legislative assembly has 92 seats with a population range between 43,478 in the electorate of Williamstown and 59,365 in the electorate of South Creswick. The upper house has 40 seats divided into 5 regions, each electing 8 members. These regions are: Creswick western, Creswick southern, Merburra, Rural southeast and Rural northeast. 4 MLCs (members of the legislative council) are elected at each election, serving either a minimum of 6 years or 2 terms of government.
 
The electoral system is a preferential voting system for both houses. In the lower house, all electorates are single-member, with candidates requiring 50% of the vote to win after preferences (the electoral commission stops distributing preferences once a candidate has hit 50%). In the upper house, all electorates have 8 members, with 4 members elected at each election using proportional representation with preferential voting and optional group voting tickets. Candidates require 22.51% of the vote to be elected.
 
Elections may be held at minimum 6 months in between and at maximum 4 years. To form a government, a party or coalition of parties must have at least 47 seats in the legislative assembly, either as a majority government or a minority government with confidence and supply from enough crossbenchers to reach 47 seats. If a government goes below 47 seats, there is an automatic no-confidence vote, which if passes results in the dissolution of parliament and a new election.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Party
!Legislative Assembly
!Legislative Council
|-
|Labour
|44
|
|-
|Conservative
|23
|
|-
|Peralian Socialists
|12
|
|
|Back
|Front
|-
|-
|Close
|The Greens
|/i/
|6
|/u/
|
|-
|-
|Mid
|United Peralian Party
|/e/
|5
|/o/
|
|-
|-
|Open
|Independents
|2
|
|
|/a/
|}
|}
The semivowels are /w/ and /j/, and always occur before a vowel. The only exception is the /wjV/ composition, where V is a vowel (mostly /a/), like in the compound /wja/ (業).


=== Consonants ===
=== Politics ===
Izaki has 22 consonants, as per the following phonetic chart.
Peralians, and Creswickers in particular, are considered by some analysts to be more progressive than other Deodecans. The province recorded the highest ''Yes'' votes of any state in the republic referendum and same-sex marriage survey. Peralians are said to be "generally socially progressive, supportive of multiculturalism, wary of extremes of any kind".
{| class="wikitable"
 
|'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
The centre-left Peralian Labour Party (PLP), the centre-right Conservative Party of Peralia and the centre-left to left-wing Peralian Socialist Party are Peralia's main political parties. Traditionally, Labour is strongest in Creswick and Merburra's working and middle class western, eastern and inner-city suburbs, and the regional centres of New Lynchester and Walpoora. The Conservatives' main support lies in Creswick's more affluent southern, northern suburbs and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres such as the towns of Arthur and Nowel. The Socialists are strongest in Peralia's former industrial centres of Merburra and Hastings and is most popular among the working class. The Greens, who won their first lower house seats in 2014, are strongest in inner Creswick and Merburra. The United Peralian Party is based in the rural urban centre of Hope Lake and is most popular in the Southeastern rural areas. The party holds ultra-conservative views.
|'''Bilabial'''
 
|'''Labiodental'''
==Administrative Divisions==
|'''Alveolar'''
Peralia is divided into __ Local Government Areas. ''(incomplete section)'' 
|'''Palato-alveolar'''
 
|'''Palatal'''
===List of Local Government Areas===
|'''Velar'''
 
|'''Glottal'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Council Seat
!Largest Suburb/Town
!Area in km²
!Population
!Population per km²
|-
|City of Creswick
|Creswick
|Creswick
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Nasal'''
|Glebe Council
|m
|
|
|n
|
|
|
|
Line 50: Line 134:
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Stop'''
|City of Hastings
|p b
|Hastings
|Hastings
|
|
|t d
|
|
|c
|k ɡ
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Affricate'''
|City of Jagajaga
|
|
|
|
|ʦ ʣ
|ʧ ʤ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Fricative'''
|Nerring Peninsula Shire
|Possum Point
|Western Bay
|
|
|f
|s z
|ʃ ʒ
|
|
|
|
|h
|-
|-
|'''Approximant'''
|City of Cockatoo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|City of Mullawaree
|
|
|
|
|
|
|j
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Trill'''
|City of Oakcrest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|r
|-
|City of Gannawarra
|
|
|
|
|
Line 95: Line 183:
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Lateral approximant'''
|Rural City of New Lynchester
|New Lynchester
|New Lynchester
|
|
|
|
|l
|
|-
|City of Merburra
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
== Syllabes ==
The Izaki phonology is strictly syllable based, and the structure we are going to explain followingly is so strict that also foreign loan words must be adapted to it.
To better explain the syllable composition, we will divide the different sounds into three categories:
'''V''': the 5 vowels, short or long (''a, e, i, o, u, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū'')
'''C''': the 22 consonants (''p, b, k, g, t, d, ch, j, s, z, ts, ð, sh, zh, m, n, l, r, h, f, v'')
'''F''': the syllable-final consonants (''n, l, s, r, h*, kk**'') - only these consonants can appear after a vowel in a syllable, or at the end of a word. However, no words end by -h.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>h: it can be found in the final position of a syllable structure, and appears between a vowel and another consonant. The following consonant will be not voiced
Example words: ''dahkei'' (cliff), ''zhohtan'' (side), ''nihki'' (coast), ''rihmi'' (county), ''nehkeu'' (too much)
<nowiki>**</nowiki>kk: the geminated /k/ is a feature of the south-west dialect, and in current Izaki language only appears in the name of the city of ''Kikknās'' (Itakiri Prefecture).
A basic syllable can be one of the following kinds:
* '''V''' any vowel, short or long
* '''CV''' any consonant*, any vowel
* '''CVF'''
Only non sonorant consonants (''k, t, p, s, ts, sh, ch'') and n, l, r can be strong (doubled).  
Example words: ''kaida'' (sword), ''miwa'' (water),  ''rekki'' (pen), ''noppo'' (spoon), ''keilo'' (route), ''shihkama'' (whale), ''kamitsas'' (everywhere), ''estinden'' (always), ''jīssu'' (to press), ''yokoku'' (notice), ''jāshiki'' (common sense), ''gūnyū'' (milk), ''hākei'' (total), ''keskwa'' (result), ''wingyōn'' (bank), ''inshēs'' (printing)...
== Writing System ==
Izaki language writing system is one of the most articulated writing systems, making use of the '''Bai characters''' and an original composed alphabet called '''askaoza''' (邦記, or 𖬒ᒢ𖬭ᣟᐤ𖬖𖬰).
The Bai characters and the ''askaoza'' are not alternative writing systems, but each of them has a definite role. Basically, Bai characters are used to show the semantical meaning of nouns, verb roots, adjectives etc., while askaoza complements them, allowing variable parts of the speech to be declined or conjugated accordingly. This works basically as in Japanese with ''kanji'' and ''kana''.
In the first section of our language manual we are going to learn the basics of the ''askaoza''.
Main features of the ''askaoza'' writing system:
# One letter corresponds to one sound
# All the letter are by default adjoined with the sound “/a/”. No words in Izaki can start with a double consonant, while certain consonants can follow another one, but their representation is different (see later)
# The other vocalic sounds except for “a” are rendered with a diacritic symbol, on the left or on the right of the consonant.
# Single vowels are shown by a “placeholder” symbol, with the value of /a/ if no other vowel diacritic is present.
# The main letters are unvoiced sounds. The corresponding voiced sounds are marked by a dot on the top.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Roman alp.'''
|'''Character'''
|'''IPA'''
|'''Roman alp.'''
|'''Character'''
|'''IPA'''
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |清音 (seion) - unvoiced
|Rural City of Hope Lake
| colspan="3" |濁音 (takuon) - voiced
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''K'''
|Arthur Shire Council
|𖬭
|Arthur
|/k/
|Arthur
|'''G'''
|
|𖬭𖬰
|
|/g/
|
|-
|-
|'''P'''
|Walpoora Town Board
|𖬡
|Walpoora
|/p/
|Walpoora
|'''B'''
|
|𖬡𖬰
|
|/b/
|
|-
|-
|'''S'''
|Riverlands Shire
|𖬖
|
|/s/
|Nowel
|'''Z'''
|
|𖬖𖬰
|
|/z/
|
|-
|-
|'''T'''
|Town of Williamstown
|𖬮
|Williamstown
|/t/
|Williamstown
|'''D'''
|
|𖬮𖬰
|
|/d/
|
|-
|-
|'''F'''
|
|𖬌
|
|/f/
|
|'''V'''
|
|𖬌𖬰
|
|/v/
|
|-
|-
|'''CH'''
|
|𖬥
|
|/ʧ/
|
|'''J'''
|
|𖬥𖬰
|
|/ʤ/
|
|-
|-
|'''SH'''
|𖬔
|/ʃ/
|'''ZH'''
|𖬔𖬰
|/ʒ/
|-
|'''TS'''
|𖬪
|/ʦ/
|'''Đ'''
|𖬪𖬰
|/ʣ/
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="5" |
|'''H'''
|𖬨
|/h/
|-
|'''N'''
|𖭑
|/n/
|-
|'''M'''
|𖬊
|/m/
|-
|'''L'''
|𖬠
|/l/
|-
|'''R'''
|𖬬
|/r/
|}
=== Vowels and consonant joints ===
Let’s take the first letter in Izaki alphabetical order, the “ka”: 𖬭 As it is now, we would read it /ka/, and not “k”, since in Izaki consonants are not stand-alone, and the default value is /ka/.
What if we want to give it the sound /ke/? In this case we need to add on the right (as this is the rule of the “E”) the necessary diacritic, called, in Izaki, ''tenkun'': 𖬭ɭ
Thus we know that “𖬭ɭ” will be read as /ke/; “𖬭𖬭ɭ” will be /kake”/ and “𖬭ɭ𖬭” shall be /keka/
In the same way, we can write either ki, ko, and ku:
𖬭ᛁ   the “i” sound is made by adding a vertical bar
𖬭ᐤ  the “o” sound is made by adding a small circle on the top-right
𖬭𐐢  the “u” sound is rendered by an umbrella handle shaped element
Thus we can have these possible combinations:
𖬭𖬭ᛁ (kaki), 𖬭ᐤ𖬭𐐢 (koku), 𖬭ᛁ𖬭𐐢 (kiku) etc…
Let’s take a view to the main Izaki consonants with the 5 simple vowels:
{| class="wikitable"
|''Consonant''
|'''A'''
|'''E'''
|'''I'''
|'''O'''
|'''U'''
|-
|'''-'''
|𖬒 a
|𖬒ɭ e
|𖬒ᛁ i
|𖬒ᐤ o
|𖬒𐐢 u
|-
|'''K'''
|𖬭 ka
|𖬭ɭ ke
|𖬭ᛁ ki
|𖬭ᐤ ko
|𖬭𐐢 ku
|-
|'''P'''
|𖬡 pa
|𖬡ɭ pe
|𖬡ᛁ pi
|𖬡ᐤ po
|𖬡𐐢 pu
|-
|'''S'''
|𖬖 sa
|𖬖ɭ se
|𖬖ᛁ shi
|𖬖ᐤ so
|𖬖𐐢 su
|-
|'''T'''
|𖬮 ta
|𖬮ɭ te
|𖬮ᛁ ti
|𖬮ᐤ to
|𖬮𐐢 tu
|-
|'''F'''
|𖬌 fa
|𖬌ɭ fe
|𖬌ᛁ fi
|𖬌ᐤ fo
|𖬌𐐢 fu
|-
|'''CH'''
|𖬥 cha
|𖬥ɭ che
|𖬥ᛁ chi
|𖬥ᐤ cho
|𖬥𐐢 chu
|-
|'''SH'''
|𖬔 sha
|𖬔ɭ she
|𖬔ᛁ shi
|𖬔ᐤ sho
|𖬔𐐢 shu
|-
|'''TS'''
|𖬪 tsa
|𖬪ɭ tse
|𖬪ᛁ tsi
|𖬪ᐤ tso
|𖬪𐐢 tsu
|-
|'''H'''
|𖬨 ha
|𖬨ɭ he
|𖬨ᛁ hi
|𖬨ᐤ ho
|𖬨𐐢 hu
|-
|'''N'''
|𖭑 na
|𖭑ɭ ne
|𖭑ᛁ ni
|𖭑ᐤ no
|𖭑𐐢 nu
|-
|'''M'''
|𖬊 ma
|𖬊ɭ me
|𖬊ᛁ mi
|𖬊ᐤ mo
|𖬊𐐢 mu
|-
|'''L'''
|𖬠 la
|𖬠ɭ le
|𖬠ᛁ li
|𖬠ᐤ lo
|𖬠𐐢 lu
|-
|'''R'''
|𖬬 ra
|𖬬ɭ re
|𖬬ᛁ ri
|𖬬ᐤ ro
|𖬬𐐢 ru
|}
Here are the derived consonants with the different vowel combinations:
{| class="wikitable"
|''Consonant''
|'''A'''
|'''E'''
|'''I'''
|'''O'''
|'''U'''
|-
|'''-'''
|𖬒 a
|𖬒ɭ e
|𖬒ᛁ i
|𖬒ᐤ o
|𖬒𐐢 u
|-
|'''G'''
|𖬭𖬰 ga
|𖬭𖬰ɭ ge
|𖬭𖬰ᛁ gi
|𖬭𖬰ᐤ go
|𖬭𖬰𐐢 gu
|-
|'''B'''
|𖬡𖬰 ba
|𖬡𖬰ɭ be
|𖬡𖬰ᛁ bi
|𖬡𖬰ᐤ bo
|𖬡𖬰𐐢 bu
|-
|'''Z'''
|𖬖𖬰 za
|𖬖𖬰ɭ ze
|𖬖𖬰ᛁ zi
|𖬖𖬰ᐤ zo
|𖬖𖬰𐐢 zu
|-
|'''D'''
|𖬮𖬰 da
|𖬮𖬰ɭ de
|𖬮𖬰ᛁ di
|𖬮𖬰ᐤ do
|𖬮𖬰𐐢 du
|-
|'''V'''
|𖬌𖬰 va
|𖬌𖬰ɭ ve
|𖬌𖬰ᛁ vi
|𖬌𖬰ᐤ vo
|𖬌𖬰𐐢 vu
|-
|'''J'''
|𖬥𖬰 ja
|𖬥𖬰ɭ je
|𖬥𖬰ᛁ ji
|𖬥𖬰ᐤ jo
|𖬥𖬰𐐢 ju
|-
|'''ZH'''
|𖬔𖬰 zha
|𖬔𖬰ɭ zhe
|𖬔𖬰ᛁ zhi
|𖬔𖬰ᐤ zho
|𖬔𖬰𐐢 zhu
|-
|'''Ð'''
|𖬪𖬰 ða
|𖬪𖬰ɭ ðe
|𖬪𖬰ᛁ ði
|𖬪𖬰ᐤ ðo
|𖬪𖬰𐐢 ðu
|}
=== Diphthongs ===
Besides the main 5 vowels, Izaki language also has s certain number of diphthongs, or gliding vowels, a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.
Let’s take a look at some examples: 𐭘𖬭 kya, 𐩪𖬌 fwo, 𐩬𖬖 swa
There are 8 main diphthongs, rendered in roman alphabet with “y” (/j/) and “w” (/w/), and in askaoza these semivocalic sounds are shown by a diacritic on the left of the corresponding consonant.
Let’s see how it works with the consonant 𖭑 (n):
{| class="wikitable"
|
|
|'''A'''
|'''E'''
|'''I'''
|'''O'''
|'''U'''
|-
|'''Y'''
|𐭘𖭑 nya
|𐐑𖭑 nye
|
|
|ᛚ𖭑 nyo
|𐐓𖭑 nyu
|-
|'''W'''
|𐩬𖭑 nwa
|𐩧𖭑 nwe
|𐐊𖭑 nwi
|𐩪𖭑 nwo
|
|
|}
|
Example words and sounds:
|
 
|
𖭑ᛁ𐩬𖭑ɭ niswae
 
𖬒ᐤ𐐓𖬬𖬒 oryua
 
𐩧𖬭𖬬ᛁ kweri
 
𐐓𖬒𖬪ᐤ yutso
 
𐭘𖬨Ꮀ𐐊𖬭 hyaakwi
 
𐐑𖬒ᛁ𖬖ᐤᐡ yeison
 
𖬌𐐢𐐑𖬬  furye
 
𖬪𐩬𖬒 tsawa
 
𖬖𐩪𖬒𖬨ᛁ sawohi
 
𐩪𖬭𖬨ɭ kwohe
 
𖬊ᛁ𐩧𖬖Ꮀ miwee
 
ᛚ𖬒𖬊 yoma
 
𐐓𖬊Ꮀ𖬨  myuuha
 
ᛚ𖬮𖬖𐐢 tyosu
 
=== Double Consonants ===
The double consonant is shown by a diacritic positioned before the syllable containing the consonant to be doubled.
 
𖬮𖬭  taka    vs   𖬮ⲅ𖬭  takka
 
𖬨ᛁ𖭑ᐡ  hinan   vs   𖬨ᛁⲅ𖭑ᐡ  hinnan
 
𖬥ᛁ𐩪𖬭  chikwo  vs   𖬥ᛁⲅ𐩪𖬭  chikkwo
 
=== Long vowels ===
In Izaki language, vowels can be short or long. This feature has a distinctive value, so it is important to notice when a vowel is short or long.
 
In the official '''Sanotari-Idanos romanization system''', long vowels are written with a macron: ā ī ē ō ū, while in the less used '''Tagenas romanization system''', they are just left as a couple of vowels: aa, ii, ee, oo, uu.
 
In the askaoza alphabet, to mark a long vowel, the diacritic “Ꮀ” is placed on the right of the long vowel syllable.
 
Let’s take a look at some examples: 𖬭Ꮀ kā, 𖬌ᛁᎰ fī, 𖬮ᐤᎰ tō
 
There are cases of long vowel in a CVC syllabe. In this case, the diacritic must be placed before the final consonant one: 𖬪ᐤᎰᐡ tsōn, 𖬬𐐢Ꮀᒢ rūs, 𖬨ɭᎰᣘ hēr
 
= Greetings and useful expressions =
In the table, some useful words in Izaki
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Ingerish'''
|'''Izaki (romanised)'''
|'''Transcription (Izaki)'''
|-
|Ingerish
|Ingo
|引語
|-
|-
|Yes
|Sā
|𖬖⸠
|-
|No
|Na
|𖭑
|-
|Hello!
|Ānjiwara!
|𖬮⸠ᐢ𖬐𖬰ᛁ𐩬𖬮𖬬
|-
|How are you
|Soi yodeska?
|𖬖ᐤᛁ ꓩ𖬮𖬒𖬰ɭᒢ𖬭?
|-
|Hello (formal)
|Āmajike
|𖬮⸠𖬊𖬐𖬰ᛁ𖬭ɭ
|-
|Hi! (informal)
|Ānji!
|𖬮⸠ᐢ𖬐𖬰ᛁ!
|-
|I'm fine, thank you.
|Nai tepan, dōmas.
|𖭑꜉ 良ᐢ, 𖬒𖬰ᐤ⸠𖬊ᒢ.
|-
|So and so
|tepana, zushina / tenazuna
|良𖭑, 悪𖭑 / 𖬁ɭ𖭑𖬖𖬰𐐢𖭑
|-
|Goodbye!
|Sokkiba!
|𖬖ᐤⲅ𖬭ᛁ𖬇𖬰!
|-
|Welcome
|Witte edeseke
|𐐊𖬮𖬁𖬳𖬳ɭ 𖬮ɭ𖬒𖬰ɭ𖬖ɭ𖬭ɭ
|-
|Please
|Inadeshiyan (indeshan)
|𖬮ᛁ𖭑𖬒𖬰ɭ𖬔ᛁ𐭘𖬮ᐢ (𖬮ᛁᐢ𖬒𖬰ɭ𖬔ᐢ)
|-
|Thank you
|Dōmas
Dōmades
|𖬒𖬰ᐤ⸠𖬊ᒢ.
𖬒𖬰ᐤ⸠𖬊𖬒𖬰ɭᒢ
|-
|You're welcome
|Dōmehisatta
|𖬒𖬰ᐤ⸠𖬊ɭ𖬨ᛁ𖬖𖬁𖬳𖬳
|-
|Excuse me
|Karansekeni / Karanseken / Karansee
|𖬭𖬬ᐢ𖬖ɭ𖬭ɭ𖭑ᛁ / 𖬭𖬬ᐢ𖬖ɭ𖬭ɭᐢ / 𖬭𖬬ᐢ𖬖ɭ⸠
|-
|Sorry
|Kuben
|𖬭𐐢𖬇𖬰ɭᐢ
|-
|Good morning
|Tepan allaa
|良ᐢ 朝⸠
|-
|Good afternoon
|Tepan katoo
|良ᐢ 昼⸠
|-
|Good evening
|Tepan seikaa
|良ᐢ 夕⸠
|-
|Goodnight
|Tepan nanshaa
|良ᐢ 夜⸠
|}
= Nouns =
Nouns in Izaki can be declined in singular and plural forms. There are no genders, as male, female or neuter. All the names are genderless.
== Plural Formation ==
In order to make the plural form, you need to prolong the last vowel of the name and add “n”. If the name already ends by a long vowel, just a n is added. If a noun ends in a consonant, see the rules.
=== Nouns ending by vowel: ===
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Meaning'''
|'''Singular (nominative)'''
|'''Plural (nominative)'''
|-
|''water''
|miwa (水)
|miwaan (水⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''fire''
|hunui（火）
|hunuiin（火⸠ᐢ）
|-
|''man''
|suto (男)
|sutoon (男⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''woman''
|natae (女)
|nataeen (女⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''apple''
|sugua (檎)
|suguaan (檎⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''forest''
|tsawa (森)
|tsawaan (森⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''rice''
|konu (米)
|konuun (米⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''freedom''
|jiyu (自由)
|jiyuun (自由⸠ᐢ)
|-
|''nation''
|kukka (國家)
|kukkaan (國家⸠ᐢ)
|}
=== Noun ending by consonants: ===
In Izaki, due to phonological rules, words can only end by: -n, -s, -l, -r. Basically to make the plural form, you need to prolong the ending consonant, and recall once again the previous vowel.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Meaning'''
|'''Singular (nominative)'''
|'''Plural (nominative)'''
|'''Remarks, exceptions'''
|-
|''surface''
|pyomyen（表面）
|pyomyenne
|
|
|-
|''law''
|pōrīs（法律）
|pōrīsshi
|Izaki phonetics do not allow the /si/ syllable, which becomes /ʃi/ (shi).
|-
|''technology''
|gijus（技術）
|gijussu
|
|
|-
|''wave''
|moigon（波）
|moigonno
|
|
|-
|''leg''
|huinnon（脚）
|huinnonno
|
|
|-
|''fennel''
|totsus（茴）
|totsussu
|
|
|-
|''insect''
|nās（虫）
|nāssa
|If the last vowel of the singular form is a long one (ā,ē,ī,ō,ū), in the plural form it will be a shortened vowel.
|-
|''love''
|saison（愛）
|saisonno
|
|
|-
|-
|''docking''
|rul（埠）
|rullu
|
|
|-
|''God of the Sea''
|kikk（-）
|kikki
|irregular word
|-
|''moral''
|tekeh（徳）
|tekehte
|irregular word
|}
=== Cases ===
Izaki Language operates on 8 cases (格⸠ᐢ ''kakuun'').
Nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs need to be declined in most of the situations.
# '''Nominative''' (主格, shukaku): the case used for the main subject, or the topic of the sentence. In the dictionary the nouns are in the nominative form.
# '''Genitive''' (属格, zukkaku): to express the possession
# '''Accusative''' (対格, taikaku): the case used for the direct object of a transitive verb
# '''Dative''' (与格, yokaku): the indirect case of a destination recipient (to whom)
# '''Locative''' (処格, shokaku): the case used to express the static position
# '''Allative''' (向格, hyānkaku): the case used to express the direction (to the outside, until)
# '''Ablative''' (奪格, daskaku): the case used to express the origin (from where, from when)
# '''Instrumental''' (具格, gukaku): the case used to express the way or the instrument of an action (with something, using something), and also used to create other expressions using added ending suffixes.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Case/meaning'''
|'''Addied stem (-V/-C)'''
|''water''
|''tear''
|''gate''
|''wolf''
|''opinion''
|''day''
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|''-''
|miwa
|tsokke
|mua
|tsaikis
|wiken
|kato
|-
|'''Genitive'''
|''add -s/-us''
|miwa'''s'''
|tsokkes
|muas
|tsaikisus
|wikenus
|ka'''d'''os
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|''prolong vowel1''
|miw'''ā'''
|tsokkē
|muā
|tsaikisū
|wikenū
|katoo
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''add -i''
|miwa'''i'''
|tsokkei
|muai
|tsaikishi
|wikenni
|katoi
|-
|'''Locative'''
|''add -n/-un''
|miwa'''n'''
|tsokken
|muan
|tsaikisun
|wikenun
|kadon
|-
|'''Allative'''
|''add -r/-ur''
|miwa'''r'''
|tsokker
|muar
|tsaikisur
|wikenur
|kador
|-
|'''Ablative'''
|''add -l/-ul''
|miwa'''l'''
|tsokkel
|mual
|tsaikisul
|wikenul
|kadol
|-
|'''Instrumental'''
|''see below''
|miwa'''e'''
|tsokkei
|muae
|tsaikiso
|wikeni
|katou
|}
1: if the noun already ends by a long vowel, the accusative keeps the same as the nominative.
2: in the genitive, locative, allative and ablative cases ('''strong cases'''), nouns ending by vowel see a change in the last consonant, which becomes a sonorant if originally was k, p, ch, t, f, r, ts, sh (this doesn’t happen with double consonants).
Ex: ''lota'' (sheet) > ''lo'''d'''as'', ''taito'' (diary) > ''tai'''d'''on'', ''dasa'' (trunk) > ''da'''z'''as'', ''niki'' (tower) > ''ni'''g'''is''
The instrumental case can be created using the “vowel progression system”, and the rule is easily observable by each vowel ending words; also the last consonant of the nouns ending by vowel changes accordingly to the strong cases sonorisation phenomenon (強格濁音化):
# Words ending in a: add an -e
# Words ending in e: add an -i
# Words ending in i: add an -o (a diphthongization happens, so the word end changes to -yo)
# Words ending in o: add an -u
# Words ending in u: add an -a (a diphthongization happens, so the word end changes to -wa)
# Words ending in consonant follow the same vowel progression rule as above, but the ending consonant doubles
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Meaning'''
|'''Nominative'''
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''Notes'''
|-
|''water''
|miwa
|miwae
|
|
|-
|''hill''
|oboe
|oboei
|
|
|-
|''river''
|sāri
|sāryo
|i+o contract in “yo”
|-
|''color''
|ahiro
|ahirou
|
|
|-
|''bear''
|usumu
|usumwa
|u+a contract in “wa”
|-
|''employee''
|shawin
|shawinno
|
|
|-
|''beetle''
|tendattan
|tendattanne
|
|
|-
|-
|''Seoul''
|Soul
|Soulla
|
|
|-
|''life''
|seikwas
|seikwasse
|
|
|}
''Note'': words already ending with a diphthong keeps behaving the same, except for V+”o” ending nouns:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Meaning'''
|'''Nominative'''
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''Remarks'''
|-
|''lightning''
|sasatsai
|sasatsayo
|
|
|-
|''bell''
|akau
|akawa
|
|
|-
|''neck''
|kea
|keae
|
|
|-
|''tusk''
|nekīkei
|nekīkeyo
|
|
|-
|-  
|''mushroom''
|hingao
|hingō*
|<nowiki>-ao ending names change the last “ao” to “ō”</nowiki>
|-
|''port''
|sāreo
|sāreu
|<nowiki>-eo ending names change the last “eo” to “eu”</nowiki>
|-
|''glass''
|tassuo
|tassū
|<nowiki>-uo ending names change the last “uo” to “ū”</nowiki>
|-
|''actor''
|haiyū
|haiyūa
| -long u ending names just see an added "a"
|}
|}


=== Derived cases ===
===Municipalities===
From the instrumental stem, by adding other particles, you can create some sub-cases.  
Municipalities are divided into four classifications based on population. The twenty (20) largest municipalities as of 2020 are listed below under their respective class.
 
# '''Comitative''' (with): -te (''miwaete'', with the water; ''tendattannete'', with the beetle)
# '''Translative''' (to become): - nde (''sāryonde'', to become a river, ''jiyuande'', to become free)
# '''Dedative''' (about): - nkai (''ahirounkai'', about the color; )
# '''Abessive''' (without) -ttan (''saisonuttan'', without love; ''gijussattan'', without technology)
 
Another case, the istructive, is made by the dative bases:
 
# '''Istructive''' (with the mean of): - hte
 
Example sentences
 
I live in Sainðaul


''Nai Sainðaulun paen. (我 作安崎''𐐢ᐢ 住𖬮ɭᐢ'')''
'''Major City (above 800,000)'''
*Greater Creswick
*Greater Merburra (both of these statistics include "cities" within the metropolitan area of these two, such as Hastings in Greater Creswick and Williamstown in Greater Merburra)


'''Minor City (50,000 - 799,999)'''
*New Lynchester
*Williamstown
*Hastings
'''Major Township (5,000 - 49,999)'''
*Walpoora
*Nowel
*Hope Lake
*
*
=Economy=
The largest sectors in Peralia's economy are agricultural, mining, forestry, transportation, healthcare, financial and education. A majority of the province's economic activity occurs in the Creswick and Merburra metropolitan regions. 


The books of the student are in the classroom.
=Culture=
=Education=
There is a public education system between kindergarten and year 12 as well as private universities and schools.  


''Hakuseis kinoon kyoshisun yohan.(学生之 冊''⸠ᐢ 教室𐐢ᐢ ꓩ𖬮𖬨ᐢ)
=Transportation=
The primary road routes in Peralia are the A2/M2 running from the southern border through New Lynchester, Creswick and Merburra to the northern border, the A3 running from the outskirts of Creswick to the southeast, and the A4 running from Point Robe to Nowel.  


Primary railway routes include the North/West Coast Line from the Clamash border to the southern border through Merburra, Creswick and New Lynchester, the Eastern Railway from the eastern border through to a junction with the west coast line, the Riverlands/Nowel railway from Creswick to Nowel, the Walpoora line from Solomon to Walpoora, and the Great Peralian Heritage Railway through the limestone hills.


Anna ordered two novels.


''Anna shosessē kantsul chubun teki.'' (𖬮ⲅ𖭑 小説𖬖ɭ⸠ 二𖬑𐐢ᐡ 注文𖬁ɭ𖬭ᛁ.)
[[Category:Peralia]]

Revision as of 13:00, 15 July 2022

Peralia
FlagCoat of arms
FlagCoat of arms

Loading map...

Motto:
"Peace and Prosperity"
Capital
and largest city		Creswick
Official languagesIngerish
DemonymPeralian
GovernmentConstitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy
 • GovernorTBD
 • PremierTBD
LegislatureParliament of Peralia
Population
 • Census (2019)4,728,361
HDI (2020)0.937
very high
TimezoneWUT+08:30
CurrencyDeodecan Dollars (DCD)
Drives on theright

Peralia, officially the Province of Peralia is a province in north-eastern Deodeca. It is one of the largest provinces in terms of population density, but this is largely due to its smallish area. The province is known for its mixed nature, with large agricultural areas in the east, mining in the south and hilly forest in the north-east, although this is inconsistent with some forested areas in the farming and mining areas etc. It borders Queen Adelaide Island in the west, Clamash to the north and east, and [undeveloped province] to the south.

Peralia has been settled for tens of thousands of years by first nations people. Beginning in the late 18th century, Deodeca as a whole began to be colonised by the Ingerish Empire, with Peralia itself being colonised beginning in 1832. The pronvice is one of the most influential due to its large population.

The largest city and the provincial capital of Peralia is Creswick, although within Creswick there are various other "cities" (old towns that eventually merged into the metropolitan area), such as Hastings. Creswick is located on the estuary of the Jersey River, which flows from Western Clamash.

Peralia has x seats in the TBD (Federal Lower House) and x seats in the TBD (Federal Upper House). At provincial level, the Parliament of Peralia consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Labour-Socialist Coalition, led by TBD as premier, has governed Peralia since 2016. The Governor of Peralia, the representative of the Monarchy of Deodeca in the state, is currently TBD. Victoria is divided into x local government areas, as well as several unincorporated areas which the state administers directly.

History

Before Ingerish settlement, the province was settled quite extensively by First Nations peoples. However, no large settlements were developed, instead with smaller spread out communities.

Ingerish settlement of the area began in 1832. Peralia was initially part of a large territory in the east, with the present boundaries emerging in 1851 when Peralia became its own colony. Self-government was achieved in 1853 and Peralia began rapidly developing.

Peralia celebrated 100 years of being its own colony/province in 1951, with 150 years in 2001. There has been some talk about splitting off from Deodeca and becoming an independent nation in recent years, however polls indicate only around 15-25% of Peralians support this proposal, with consistent polls indicating most Peralians wish to remain in Deodeca.

Geography

Limestone Hills - large hill area in the northeast, extends into neighbouring Clamash

Riverlands - large farming area in the inner east with many rivers, used for growing wheat, barley, rice, cotton, and some fruits like oranges and apples

Government

Deodecan Parliament

The Deodecan Parliament assists with funding projects within Peralia, interprovincial projects, and Deodeca as a whole, and is a bicameral legislature.

Peralian Provincial Government

Peralia has a bicameral provincial government which funds projects within Peralia as well as some projects that link other provinces to Peralia. The parliament consists of the lower house (legislative assembly) and upper house (legislative council). The legislative assembly has 92 seats with a population range between 43,478 in the electorate of Williamstown and 59,365 in the electorate of South Creswick. The upper house has 40 seats divided into 5 regions, each electing 8 members. These regions are: Creswick western, Creswick southern, Merburra, Rural southeast and Rural northeast. 4 MLCs (members of the legislative council) are elected at each election, serving either a minimum of 6 years or 2 terms of government.

The electoral system is a preferential voting system for both houses. In the lower house, all electorates are single-member, with candidates requiring 50% of the vote to win after preferences (the electoral commission stops distributing preferences once a candidate has hit 50%). In the upper house, all electorates have 8 members, with 4 members elected at each election using proportional representation with preferential voting and optional group voting tickets. Candidates require 22.51% of the vote to be elected.

Elections may be held at minimum 6 months in between and at maximum 4 years. To form a government, a party or coalition of parties must have at least 47 seats in the legislative assembly, either as a majority government or a minority government with confidence and supply from enough crossbenchers to reach 47 seats. If a government goes below 47 seats, there is an automatic no-confidence vote, which if passes results in the dissolution of parliament and a new election.

Party Legislative Assembly Legislative Council
Labour 44
Conservative 23
Peralian Socialists 12
The Greens 6
United Peralian Party 5
Independents 2

Politics

Peralians, and Creswickers in particular, are considered by some analysts to be more progressive than other Deodecans. The province recorded the highest Yes votes of any state in the republic referendum and same-sex marriage survey. Peralians are said to be "generally socially progressive, supportive of multiculturalism, wary of extremes of any kind".

The centre-left Peralian Labour Party (PLP), the centre-right Conservative Party of Peralia and the centre-left to left-wing Peralian Socialist Party are Peralia's main political parties. Traditionally, Labour is strongest in Creswick and Merburra's working and middle class western, eastern and inner-city suburbs, and the regional centres of New Lynchester and Walpoora. The Conservatives' main support lies in Creswick's more affluent southern, northern suburbs and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres such as the towns of Arthur and Nowel. The Socialists are strongest in Peralia's former industrial centres of Merburra and Hastings and is most popular among the working class. The Greens, who won their first lower house seats in 2014, are strongest in inner Creswick and Merburra. The United Peralian Party is based in the rural urban centre of Hope Lake and is most popular in the Southeastern rural areas. The party holds ultra-conservative views.

Administrative Divisions

Peralia is divided into __ Local Government Areas. (incomplete section)

List of Local Government Areas

Name Council Seat Largest Suburb/Town Area in km² Population Population per km²
City of Creswick Creswick Creswick
Glebe Council
City of Hastings Hastings Hastings
City of Jagajaga
Nerring Peninsula Shire Possum Point Western Bay
City of Cockatoo
City of Mullawaree
City of Oakcrest
City of Gannawarra
Rural City of New Lynchester New Lynchester New Lynchester
City of Merburra
Rural City of Hope Lake
Arthur Shire Council Arthur Arthur
Walpoora Town Board Walpoora Walpoora
Riverlands Shire Nowel
Town of Williamstown Williamstown Williamstown

Municipalities

Municipalities are divided into four classifications based on population. The twenty (20) largest municipalities as of 2020 are listed below under their respective class.

Major City (above 800,000)

  • Greater Creswick
  • Greater Merburra (both of these statistics include "cities" within the metropolitan area of these two, such as Hastings in Greater Creswick and Williamstown in Greater Merburra)

Minor City (50,000 - 799,999)

  • New Lynchester
  • Williamstown
  • Hastings

Major Township (5,000 - 49,999)

  • Walpoora
  • Nowel
  • Hope Lake

Economy

The largest sectors in Peralia's economy are agricultural, mining, forestry, transportation, healthcare, financial and education. A majority of the province's economic activity occurs in the Creswick and Merburra metropolitan regions.

Culture

Education

There is a public education system between kindergarten and year 12 as well as private universities and schools.

Transportation

The primary road routes in Peralia are the A2/M2 running from the southern border through New Lynchester, Creswick and Merburra to the northern border, the A3 running from the outskirts of Creswick to the southeast, and the A4 running from Point Robe to Nowel.

Primary railway routes include the North/West Coast Line from the Clamash border to the southern border through Merburra, Creswick and New Lynchester, the Eastern Railway from the eastern border through to a junction with the west coast line, the Riverlands/Nowel railway from Creswick to Nowel, the Walpoora line from Solomon to Walpoora, and the Great Peralian Heritage Railway through the limestone hills.

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