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UL03a^∈⊾

Physical Geography

Climate

Located at the southern tip of Liberán Island and among the southernmost countries of Uletha (with only the Cariocas archipelago lying farther south), UL03a roughly straddles the equator, spanning from -4.2° to 1.5° latitude. The country experiences a predominantly tropical climate, with consistently warm temperatures and seasonal rainfall. Its diverse landscape, ranging from coastal plains to montane zones, fosters four distinct Köppen climate classifications:

• Af (Tropical Rainforest): On the windward slopes of the coastal plains, lowlands, and foothills, with average temperatures ranging from 26–29°C. Annual rainfall exceeds 1,500 mm and is evenly distributed throughout the year, with no distinct dry season.
• Aw (Tropical Savanna): On the leeward slopes of the coastal plains, lowlands, and foothills, with average temperatures ranging from 23–27°C. Annual rainfall totals 1,000–1,400 mm, with a distinct dry season from November to April.
• Cfb (Temperate Oceanic): On the windward slopes of the highlands and montane, with average temperatures ranging from 10–23°C. Annual rainfall exceeds 1,200 mm and is evenly distributed throughout the year, with frequent cloud cover and mist at higher elevations.
• Cwb (Subtropical Highland): On the leeward slopes of the highlands and montane, with average temperatures ranging from 8–20°C. Annual rainfall totals 1,000–1,500 mm, with a distinct dry season from November to April.

Topography and Landscape

The landscape is dominated by the South Liberán Range, which stretches from the north and divides the country in half. The highest point, Monte Ita, is a stratovolcano rising to 3,456 meters on the border with Xochimalta. Nearby peaks, ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 meters, form part of a small volcanic cluster, most of which are dormant. The mountains include several distinct elevation zones:

Zone	Elevation (m)	Climate
Coastal Plains	0–200	Aw / Af
Lowlands	200–500	Aw / Af
Foothills	500–1,000	Aw / Af
Highlands	1,000–2,000	Cwb / Cfb
Montane	2,000–3,500	Cwb / Cfb

In the northwest, the terrain becomes gentler as the range moves inland, transitioning to rolling hills, valleys, and fertile plains near the coast. The southwest is more rugged, where the mountains are closer to the coast, creating steeper slopes and narrower coastal areas. The eastern slopes receive more rainfall, forming broad river valleys, floodplains, and fertile deltas that support agriculture and settlements. The eastern coast features a larger coastal plain, though the terrain becomes more varied near river mouths and foothills. At the southern tip of the country is Cabo Bonito, marked by a rocky promontory that rises sharply from the surrounding lowlands. Strong ocean currents around the cape shape the region, and shoals and sandbars extend offshore from the tip, adding to its distinct geography.

Human Geography

Territory Demographics

UL03a has a population of 12 million spread across an area of 89,543 km², with a population density of 134 inhabitants per km². The population is highly urbanized, with over 75% living in cities and 25% in rural areas. The three largest cities account for 7.5 million people: A1 (capital) with 4 million, B1 (leeward) with 2 million, and B2 (windward) with 1.5 million. Seven secondary cities, ranging in size from 50,000 to 750,000, are home to 1.75 million people. The remaining 2.75 million people reside in rural areas, where no settlement exceeds 50,000. Migration to urban areas occurred in two major waves. After independence, rural populations moved to the primary cities due to economic opportunities and the end of mobility restrictions. As the country continued to develop, later migration followed economic booms in the secondary cities, which are each driven by a specialized industry.

A majority of the population is mestizo, reflecting a mixed indigenous Mayan and Ulethan heritage. Castellanese is the dominant language, with indigenous Mayan languages spoken as a second language and especially present in rural areas. A small number of Valonnaise settlements still exist, a remnant of the early colonial period.

Economic Development

UL03a’s economic development is characterized by agglomeration economies in the capital (A1) and two primary cities (B1–B2), which were the colonial centers of trade, as well as specialized industries in its seven secondary cities (C1–C7). Nicknamed Las Siete Hermanas (the Seven Sisters), these secondary cities play a critical role in UL03a’s development through their specialized economies. A defense and logistics hub near the capital supports naval operations, shipping, and air transport logistics, contributing to national security. An agroforestry and agriculture center produces cocoa, coffee, vanilla, medicinal plants, and sustainable timber, serving both international and domestic markets. Another city focuses on eco tourism, attracting sustainably-minded visitors to its protected natural areas and promoting biodiversity conservation. A center of cultural heritage and archaeology highlights Mayan traditions, drawing tourists to its archaeological sites. A mining and natural resources city extracts valuable resources, including gold, gems, and rare earth minerals like neodymium, vital for technology and renewable energy. Renewable energy production is centered in another city, which develops small and micro hydropower, as well as geothermal energy from nearby volcanoes. Lastly, a pharmaceuticals and biotechnology hub focuses on drug manufacturing and biotechnology research, leveraging compounds derived from the country’s tropical rainforest plants.

City Code	Region	Primary Industry	Population
A1	Cape	Government, Trade, Finance	4,000,000
B1	Leeward	Trade, Human Services, Technology	2,000,000
B2	Windward	Trade, Manufacturing, Professional Services	1,500,000
C1	Cape	Defense and Logistics	100,000
C2	Windward	Agroforestry and Agriculture	700,000
C3	Leeward	Eco and Sustainable Tourism	125,000
C4	Mountain	Indigenous Cultural Heritage	175,000
C5	Mountain	Mining and Natural Resources	50,000
C6	Mountain	Renewable Energy	150,000
C7	Leeward	Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals	450,000

Land Occupation

Infrastructure

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