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UL03a -

Physical Geography

Climate

Located at the southern tip of Liberán Island, and among the southernmost countries of Uletha, UL03a roughly straddles the equator, spanning from 4.2°S to 1.5°N latitude. The country experiences a predominantly tropical climate, with consistently warm temperatures and seasonal rainfall. Its diverse landscape, ranging from coastal plains to montane, fosters four distinct Köppen climate classifications:

• Af (Tropical Rainforest): On the windward slopes of the coastal plains, lowlands, and foothills, with average temperatures ranging from 26–29°C. Annual rainfall exceeds 1,500 mm.
• Aw (Tropical Savanna): On the leeward slopes of the coastal plains, lowlands, and foothills, with average temperatures ranging from 23–27°C. Annual rainfall totals 1,000–1,400 mm.
• Cfb (Temperate Oceanic): On the windward slopes of the highlands and montane, with average temperatures ranging from 10–23°C. Annual rainfall exceeds 1,200 mm.
• Cwb (Subtropical Highland): On the leeward slopes of the highlands and montane, with average temperatures ranging from 8–20°C. Annual rainfall totals 1,000–1,500 mm.

The country's windward slopes receive heavy rainfall year-round from moist southeasterly winds, supporting fertile floodplains and deltas. This region, classified as Af and Cfb, does not experience a dry season. The leeward slopes are relatively drier due to the rain shadow and northwesterly winds, with savanna-like conditions and more drought-tolerant vegetation. These areas, classified as Aw and Cwb, experience a distinct dry season. The highlands and montane experience cooler temperatures and heavier rainfall overall, with frequent cloud cover and mist at higher elevations. Due to its position along the equator, tropical cyclones are rare; however, thunderstorms are a regular occurrence in the lowlands and foothills during the wet seasons.

Region	Prevailing Winds	Coastal Waters	Ocean Currents
Cabo Bonito	Variable (SE/E)	Sea of Uthyra & Asperic Ocean	Warm Transition; Southward & Northward
West Coast	Northeasterly	Sea of Uthyra	Warm; Northward
East Coast	Southeasterly	Asperic Ocean	Warm; Southward

Topography and Landscape

The landscape is dominated by the South Liberán Range, which extends from the north and divides the country in half. The highest point is Monte Ita, a stratovolcano rising to 3,456 meters on the border with Xochimalta (formerly). Nearby peaks, including Gervasio, range from 2,000 to 2,500 meters, and form part of a small volcanic cluster, most of which have been dormant for over 1,000 years. The mountain range includes several distinct elevation zones:

Zone	Elevation (m)	Climate
Coastal Plains	0–200	Aw / Af
Lowlands	200–500	Aw / Af
Foothills	500–1,000	Aw / Af
Highlands	1,000–2,000	Cwb / Cfb
Montane	2,000–3,500	Cwb / Cfb

In the northwest, the terrain becomes gentler as the range moves inland, transitioning to rolling hills, valleys, and fertile plains near the coast. The southwest is more rugged, where the mountains are closer to the coast, creating steeper slopes and narrower coastal areas. Since the east receives more rainfall, broad river valleys, floodplains, and fertile deltas that support agriculture and settlements are more prevalent. The east coast features a larger coastal plain, though the terrain becomes more varied near river mouths and in the foothills. In the south of the country is Cabo Bonito, which is marked by a rocky promontory that rises sharply from the surrounding coastal plain. Strong ocean currents around the cape shape the region, with shoals and sandbars extend offshore from the tip, adding to its distinct geography.

Human Geography

Territory Demographics

UL03a has a population of 12 million spread across an area of 89,543 km², with a population density of 134 inhabitants per km². The population is highly urbanized, with over 75% living in cities and 25% in rural areas. The three largest cities account for 7.5 million inhabitants: A1, Cabo Bonito (capital) with 4 million, B1 (leeward) with 2 million, and B2 (windward) with 1.5 million. Seven secondary cities (C1–C7), ranging in size from 50,000 to 750,000, are home to 1.75 million inhabitants. The remaining 2.75 million reside in rural areas, where no settlement exceeds 50,000 inhabitants. Migration to urban areas occurred in two major waves. After independence, rural populations moved to the primary cities due to economic opportunity and the end of colonial restrictions on mobility. As the country continued to develop, later migration followed economic booms in the secondary cities, which are each driven by a specialized industry.

A majority of the population is mestizo, reflecting a mixed indigenous Mayan and West Ulethan heritage. Castellanese is the dominant language, with indigenous Mayan languages spoken as a second language and especially present in rural areas. A small number of Valonnaise settlements still exist, a remnant of the early colonial period.

Economic Development

UL03a’s development is characterized by diverse, agglomeration economies in the capital (A1) and two primary cities (B1–B2), which were the colonial centers of trade, as well as specialized economies in its seven secondary cities (C1–C7). Nicknamed Las Siete Hermanas (the Seven Sisters), these secondary cities play a critical role in UL03a’s development through their industrial specialization. A defense and logistics hub near the capital supports naval operations, shipping, and air transport logistics, contributing to national security. An agroforestry and agriculture center on the eastern coast produces cocoa, coffee, vanilla, medicinal plants, and sustainable timber, serving both international and domestic markets. Another city on the southwest coast focuses on eco tourism, attracting sustainably-minded visitors to its protected natural areas and promoting biodiversity conservation. A center of cultural heritage and archaeology, in the mountains, highlights Mayan traditions, drawing tourists to its archaeological sites. A mining and natural resources city, in the mountains, extracts valuable resources, including gold, gems, and rare earth minerals like neodymium, vital for technology and renewable energy. Renewable energy production is centered in another city in the mountains, which develops small and micro hydropower, as well as geothermal energy from nearby volcanoes. Lastly, a pharmaceuticals and biotechnology hub, in the northwest, focuses on drug manufacturing and biotechnology research, leveraging compounds derived from the country’s tropical rainforest plants.

Code	Region	Primary Industry	Population
A1	Cape	Government, Trade, Finance	4,000,000
B1	Leeward	Trade, Human Services, Technology	2,000,000
B2	Windward	Trade, Manufacturing, Professional Services	1,500,000
C1	Cape	Defense and Logistics	100,000
C2	Windward	Agroforestry and Agriculture	700,000
C3	Leeward	Eco and Sustainable Tourism	125,000
C4	Mountain	Indigenous Cultural Heritage	175,000
C5	Mountain	Mining and Natural Resources	50,000
C6	Mountain	Renewable Energy	150,000
C7	Leeward	Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals	450,000
		Urban Population Total	9,250,000
		Rural Population Total	2,750,000
		Total Population	12,000,000

Land Occupation

Infrastructure

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