View source for Government of Demirhan Empire

According to the constitution [[Demirhan Empire]] is a constitutional monarchy where powers are shared between sultan, Council of ministers (tr. Dıvan) and unicameral parliament (tr. ''Ulusal Konseyi'', National Assembly) with semi-independent judiciary.

== Sultan ==
Sultan is the leader of the state. His full title is stated as below:

''Supreme leader of Demirhan House and all Turquese, Chosen by God Padishah of Demirhan Empire, Emir of entire Koşangar and great Shah of Aryans, Protector of Eternal City Ardeşehir and all Iman believers, infallible judge and the ruler of all Demirhani lands and seas.''

Traditionally the oldest son of former sultan is appointed as a successor of the crown but in history were some exceptions from this rule caused mainly by mental disability or lack of faith in skills of successors. Current sultan is Davut III whose successor is his oldest son, Orhan.

Constitution gives sultan extensive powers but most of them are used very rarely. The most important power is to dissolve parliament but it was used only twice, when Işçi Partisi (Workers Party) tried to unruly change constitution to restrict powers of sultan and nearly one hundred years later, in 1963, when the same party tried to abolish monarchy. Other important power is appointing the Grand Vizier (prime minister) and the Dıvan but the government must also gain approval from the parliament to rule effectively. On the other hand only sultan can dissolve government so the minority government is possible, however this situation happened only once when Işçi Partisi and Sosyalist Halk Partisi (Socialist People Party) were outlawed and until next election there were only 117 of 250 MP's in the parliament.

Sultan can also order a referendum, even constitutional and the score of the referendum is always binding for the National Assembly.

Other, strictly nonpolitical power of sultan is appointing judges. Sultan also has a representant in the National Judges Assembly (UYK), a body which takes control on judicary.

=== List of rulers of Demirhan Empire ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="1" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
! width="5%" | №
! width="20%" | Sultan
! width="15%" | Title
! width="15%" | Lived
! width="15%" | Reigned
! width="30%" | Notes
|-
| colspan=7 style="background:#990000" | Beys period<br /><small>(994 - 1181)</small>
|-
|1
|Demirhan
|Bey
|? - 1032
|994 - 1032
|Reigned until death. Although official version of history claims that Demirhan Bey is the first ruler of the Turgun region, it is possible there had been some members of the dynasty before, becouse there is very few documents from this period of time.
|-
|2
|Murat I
|Bey
|1008 - 1057
|1032 - 1057
|Son of Demirhan Bey. Reigned until death. Captured neighboring Avcı Beylik through marriage with doughter of Avcı Bey.
|-
|3
|Süleyman I
|Bey
|1026 - 1084
|1057 - 1084
|Son of Murat Bey. Reigned untli death.
|-
|4
|Demirhan II
|Bey
|1038 - 1106
|1084 - 1106
|Son of Murat Bey, brother of Süleyman I. Conquered Yavuz Beylik. Reigned until death.
|-
|5
|Mehmet I
|Bey
|1057 - 1126
|1106 - 1126
|Son of Demirhan II. Reigned until death.
|-
|6
|Selim I
|Bey
|1102 - 1155
|1126 - 1155
|Son of Mehmet Bey. Reigned until death.
|-
|7
|Mustafa I
|Bey
|1118 - 1172
|1155 - 1172
|Son of Selim I. Took large amounts of land from Arslanid Kaganate. Reigned until death.
|-
|8
|Murat II
|Bey (to 1183), Sultan, Fatih (since 1183)
|1153 - 1207
|1172 - 1207
|Son of Mustafa I. He aquired the titles of sultan and fatih (ing. Conqueror) after siege of Ardeşehir. Reigned until death.
|-
| colspan=7 style="background:#990000" | Sultans period<br /><small>(since 1181)</small>
|-
|9
|Ahmet I
|Sultan
|1172 - 1222
|1207 - 1222
|Son of Murat II. Conquered Atmaca Beylik and fought with Antharia. Reigned until death.
|-
|10
|Bayezid I
|Sultan
|1192 - 1261
|1223 - 1261
|Son of Ahmet I. He fought with Emirate of Kayramtor in series of conflicts which ended in stalemate. Reigned until death.
|-
|11
|Davut I
|Sultan, Gazi (ing. Saint Warrior)
|1216 - 1283
|1261 - 1283
|Son of Bayezid I. Reigned until death.
|-
|12
|Murat III
|Sultan
|1264 - 1309
|1283 - 1309
|Son of Davut I. Faced with a danger from Antharians. Reigned until death.
|-
|13
|Demirhan III
|Sultan
|1281 - 1317
|1309 - 1317
|Son of Murat III. The same as his father fought with Antharians. Reigned until death.
|-
|14
|Bayezid II
|Sultan
|1302 - 1340
|1317 - 1340
|Son of Demirhan III. Lost Ardeşehir for Antharia and moved capital to Tarsinar. Reigned until death.
|-
|15
|Selim II
|Sultan
|1318 - 1358
|1340 - 1358
|Son of Bayezid II. Reformed country government and economy. Reigned until death.
|-
|16
|Davut II
|Sultan
|1335 - 1376
|1358 - 1376
|Son of Selim II. Reigned until death.
|-
|17
|Demirhan IV
|Sultan
|1352 - 1400
|1376 - 1400
|Son of Davut II. Reigned until death.
|-
|18
|Ahmet II
|Sultan
|1369 - 1427
|1400 - 1427
|Son of Demirhan IV. Conquered Malazit and Kendaril Lorantian city-states. Reigned until death.
|-
|19
|Murat IV
|Sultan
|1404 - 1451
|1427 - 1451
|Son of Ahmet II. Conquered Viralmain and Amaldain city-states Reigned until death.
|-
|20
|Bayezid III
|Sultan
|1422 - 1477
|1451 - 1477
|Son of Murat IV. Sacked Haderot Kingdom (1454), successfully participated in war with Illyrian Empire (1460-1462) and Aznavad War (1474-1477). Reigned until death.
|-
|21
|Abdülmecid I
|Sultan, Gazi
|1454 - 1507
|1477 - 1507
|Son of Bayezid III. Reigned until death.
|-
|22
|Selim III
|Sultan, Gazi
|1470 - 1533
|1507 - 1533
|Son of Abdülmecid I. Married doughter of emir of Kayramtor and succeded him on the throne. Reigned until death.
|-
|23
|Demirhan V
|Sultan, Gazi
|1488 - 1556
|1533 - 1556
|Son of Selim V. Reigned until death.
|-
|24
|Abdülhamid I
|Sultan
|1520 - 1576
|1556 - 1576
|Son of Demirhan V. Dethroned and killed in coup attempt in 1576. Reigned until death.
|-
|25
|Mehmet II
|Sultan
|1547 - 1602
|1576 - 1602
|Son of Abdülhamid I. Reigned until death.
|-
|26
|Murat V
|Sultan
|1572 - 1629
|1602 - 1629
|Son of Mehmet II. Reigned until death.
|-
|27
|İbrahim I
|Sultan
|1590 - 1651
|1628 - 1647
|Son of Murat V. He was dethroned in 1647 in coup attempt, because army was in favor for his brother Mehmet III. He was strangled four years after abdication.
|-
|28
|Mehmet III
|Sultan
|1596 - 1663
|1647 - 1663
|Brother of İbrahim I. Reigned until death.
|-
|29
|Mustafa II
|Sultan
|1624 - 1681
|1663 - 1681
|Son of Mehmet III. Reigned until death.
|-
|30
|Abdülmecid II
|Sultan, Gazi
|1642 - 1704
|1681 - 1704
|Son of Mustafa II. Conquered [[Lorantis]]. Reigned until death.
|-
|31
|İbrahim II
|Sultan, Gazi
|1664 - 1731
|1704 - 1731
|Son of Abdülmecid II. Conquered Şneldorf from Kalmish Knights. Reigned until death.
|-
|32
|Mehmet IV
|Sultan, Gazi
|1699 - 1753
|1731 - 1753
|Son of İbrahim II. Conquered Basharid Shahdom and Khanate of Musafir.Reigned until death.
|-
|33
|Demirhan VI
|Sultan, Gazi
|1721 - 1792
|1753 - 1762
|Son of Mehmet IV. He was dethroned in 1762 in coup attempt, because he tried to drastically increase taxes to save the imperial treasury. He lived 30 years after abdication and died becouse of old age.
|-
|34
|Abdülmecid III
|Sultan, Gazi
|1725 - 1787
|1762 - 1787
|Brother of Demirhan VI. Regained control over Ardeşehir.
|-
|35
|Mehmet V
|Sultan 
|1746 - 1811
|1787 - 1803
|Son of Abdülmecid III. He was dethroned in 1803 in coup attempt, because he tried to reform imperial army. He lived 8 years after abdication and died becouse of old age.
|-
|36
|Abdülhamid II
|Sultan
|1767 - 1821
|1803 - 1821
|Son of Mehmet V. Reigned until death.
|-
|37
|Mehmet VI
|Sultan, Reformcu (ing. Reformer)
|1790 - 1843
|1821 - 1843
|Son of Abdülhamid II. He started the Arıtma (ing. Purification) program, which led to creation of first constitution (1841). Reigned until death.
|-
|38
|Selim IV
|Sultan
|1813 - 1878
|1843 - 1878
|Son of Mehmet VI. Allowed Ivirans to settle in Compelling Mountains.
|-
|39
|Ahmet III
|Sultan, Gazi
|1841 - 1885
|1878 - 1885
|Son of Selim IV. Returned to authoritarian rule in 1882, lost control over Lorantis. Dethroned in coup attempt, strangled shortly after.
|-
|40
|Süleyman II
|Sultan
|1843 - 1923
|1885 - 1923
|Brother of Ahmet III. His reign brought the empire new constitution. Reigned until death.
|-
|41
|Murat VI
|Sultan
|1867 - 1947
|1923 - 1947
|Son of Süleyman II. Reigned until death.
|-
|42
|Mehmet VII
|Sultan
|1893 - 1963
|1947 - 1963
|Son of Murat VI. Reigned until death.
|-
|43
|Süleyman III
|Sultan, Faşist (ing. Fascist)
|1918 - 1991
|1963 - 1991
|Son of Mehmet VII. After the death of his father the leftist parties tried to overthrow the monarchy. After army estinguished the revolt, the sultan banned leftist parties and started to develop country in favor of the nationalists. Reigned until death.
|-
|44
|Abdülhamid III
|Sultan
|1944 - 2012
|1991 - 2012
|Son of Süleyman III. Reigned until death.
|-
|45
|Selim V
|Sultan
|1972 - ?
|2012 - 2018
|Son of Abdülhamid III. Resigned after homosexual scandal.
|-
|46
|Davut III
|Sultan
|1975 - ?
|2018 - ?
|Brother of Selim V
|}
== Dıvan ==
Dıvan is the executive of the Demirhan Empire which controls all of the state institutions. According to the constitution in the government should be ministers (viziers) of:
*'''War''' - responsible for the state army, although according to the constitution Supreme Leader of the army is Grand Vizier.
*'''Internal Affairs''' - responsible for most of the safety - territorial administration, police (including special forces) and fire brigades and state services - health, education and culture. The most interesting is the supervision on religion - for example leader of the Iman community in Demirhan Empire is appointed by the Minister of Internal Affairs.
*'''External Affairs''' - concentrated on foreign policy and embassies.
*'''Justice''' - the Vizier of Justice is the supreme prosecutor of the empire. The vizierate has also its representant in UYK. Other important task for that office is preparing the law to fit the rules and not cause a conflict between acts.
*'''Treasure''' - this ministry plans the budget and takes care on state-owned bussiness and financial market.
*'''Propaganda''' - this vizierate secures the position of sultan through the propaganda. Its other function is to secure the good opinion about the country outside the empire, including Demirhan diaspora.

For the purpose there could be added other, mostly temporary ministers.

== Judicary ==
Judicary is according to the constitution independent. There is a body called Ulusal Yargıçlar Konseyi (National Judges Assembly) which is supposed to be a supervisor of judges. It consists of six judges appointed by sultan, three members of the parliament and representants from Justice Ministry and sultan. UYK also proposes sultan the candidates for future judges but sultan also can propose and choose his own candidates.

Constitutional control of law is made by the Constitutional Tribunal which is consisted of nine members appointed by the parliament. To be a a candidate for a member one should be at least a doctor of law.

There are two instances of judicary - standard and appeal courts. Also there is Supreme Court which is responsible for interpretation of the law and settling the law conflicts.

== National Assembly ==
National Assembly (Ulusal Konseyi) is the Demirhan legislature. It is consisted of 309 members. Term of office of the UK is four years. To get into parliament the party must surpass the 5% threshold. In the National Assembly there is one Speaker and two deputy speakers always chosen at first meeting of the new term.

Legislation to pass in the parliament usually must gain more than 50% of votes of MP's present in the parliament in the moment of voting but there are some exceptions. First is the budget law which requires more than 50% of votes of all MP's to pass, the second is constitutional referendum which requires two thirds of votes of all MP's.

== Political parties ==
There are more than 100 political parties in Demirhanlı Devleti due to low requirements of establishing a party. New party must have at least 30 members and be approved by The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can overthrow parties which promote banned leftist ideologies or try to change the political system by the force instead of democratic ways.

=== Fatih Partisi ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in opposition (53 MP's)<br />

One of the oldest parties in Demirhanlı Devleti established in 1841 by the son-in-law of Mehmet VI The Reformer. The main reason for the establishing the party was to preserve some powers of sultan which passed to the parliament and allow Mehmet to direct rule the empire despite democratic system of the country. It worked until 1880 when the party lost the majority for the first time because of unsuccesful policy and caused by that territorial losses and formed an exotic coalition with radical leftist Işçi Partisi. It caused nearly five years of turmoil in the country after which the party returned to power.

To win the 1885 election party changed some of its views to less conservative. For example they stopped to directly follow religion law when they projected the state law and took over some leftist postulates like limited work hours and free common education and health service. When it came to 1916 constitutional referendum the party broke up to two pieces - Fatih Partisi which supported the abolishing of the caliphate (because that was sultans will) and Geleneksel İman Partisi which was more conservative and wanted to preserve the caliphate.

Another hard years for the party came in 1961 when the corruption scandal with one of the viziers erupted. Under the pressure of the public opinion he was strangled<ref>Traditional way of killing criminals in Demirhani culture</ref> but the party lost election again. This time the new party leftist party, Sosyalist Halk Partisi in coalition with İşçi Partisi, took control under the government. Although SHP looked less radical than IP the parties started to change the law to overthrow the monarch or at least make him only a puppet. To prevent it Süleyman III banned all leftist parties in the empire and the Fatih Partisi came to rule again. This time the party focused more on national unity and solidarity - until death of Süleyman III it represented a strictly fascist ideology and regained its popularity due to widely planned welfare programs.

Recent years party partially lost its popularity again but gained a new new coalitiant - İmparatorluğun Milliyetçi Yeniden Doğuşu, founded by people who could not agree with softened policies after death of Süleyman III.

Current leader of the party since 2011 is Yazinci Mustafa Pasha, the former Grand Vizier and an MP.

=== İmparatorluğun Milliyetçi Yeniden Doğuşu ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in coalition (92 MP's)<br />

Party established in 1993 in response to softening policy of Fatih Partisi and new sultan Abdülhamid III who opened country for its allies from Astrasia. From its start İMYD wants to reestablish a state which controls all country's industry and spread intense pro-war propaganda. In their vision Demirhan Empire should return to policy which it provided through centuries - conquest of all weak countries they can reach. Another pillar of the IMYD policy is heavy national propaganda often turned against minorities living in the empire. In the speech in 2013 their leader Mazir Azhar Paşa stated that only Iman believers should be able to stay in the country, whats met with criticism from public opinion.

For a long time IMYD opposed FP. Things were changed in 2015 when Eroglu Cemal Paşa became to be a Minister of War. It was the first point of forming coalition in National Assembly after Fatih Partisi lost long held majority. After that some politician of İMYD gained key roles in the government, such as Mazir Azhar Paşa, current Grand Vizier.

=== Geleneksel İman Partisi ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in coalition (76 MP's)<br />

Party dropped out from FP in 1916 after the fall of the caliphate in constitutional debate. They believe in the unity of Iman world under the Demirhan sultan as a caliph and want to reinstall religious law in the society. The state should follow principles of socialist economy because every Iman believer should give a baksheesh for poor people as it is stated in the Holy Book.

In their policy party swings between opposition and coalition, depending on how conservative current sultan is and the state needs. For example in 2014 party argued that sultan Selim V is homosexual because he is forty two years old and doesn't have the heirs yet (it was confirmed in 2018 and caused Selim V resignation in favor of his brother, Davut) They vowed that it is strictly against God and against citizens who are ''lied'' by the sultan. It caused very harsh reaction from the ruling FP and provoked GİP to go out from some local coalitions. It caused some turmoil in provincial assemblies and probably popularity drop of FP in last elections.

Current leader of the party is a self-proclaimed imam Ahmet Yediz, who holds a place as a MP since 1999.

=== Rum Partisi ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in opposition (30 MP's)<br />
One of the oldest parties in the empire, founded in early 1850s by Christic minority leaders in the empire. Party functioned continuously all the time, except years 1882-1885, when political parties were banned. Economical centrists, who are focused only on the rights of the minorities. Sometimes their members give some controversial speeches vowing for more autonomy for multicultural eyalets, what provides to hostility between them and nationalists, who see that as another partition of the empire. They never gained a significant percent of votes in the parliament but always can get above required 5%. Party is usually strongest in the multicultural cities and provinces.

Small change in the party situation was made in 2016 when long lasted tension between Haronian beys from the north of Alaklareli Eyaleti and the provincional government of Fatih Partisi exploded. In 2015 Hemreş Bey from şahrestan Adanya protested against taxation growth and said he will ask government of Arya for protection. He quickly gained approval from military commanders in Halem and Latiandar. Initially governor from Fatih Partisi tried to decrease the tension but rebellious people would not hear him. To avoid potential bloodshed sultan appointed a new governor of province from Rum Partisi. It was the first time when the party got into provincial government.

Current leader of the party is Şahriyar Behnam Paşa, Ostandar of Şirvan.

=== Halklar Partisi ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in opposition (20 MP's)<br />
Party was established in 1964 by low-rank members of delegalized Sosyalist Halk Partisi who were not sentenced to jail or killed in the riots one year earlier. Most of the party structures were took over from delegalized party. To prevent being banned Halklar Partisi adapted more conservative program which did not deny the need of the monarchy, national unity and importance of religion in daily life. On the other hand it preserved socialist economical policies from its predecessor.

Party's traditional target are workers and farmers. in the mid 90s when the fascist state of Süleyman III was only a memory party gained more leftist outlook - focused more on environmentalism and personal freedoms. Time has shown it was not the wisest decision because public support for the party fell from nearly 20% to slightly above 5%. Also its policies enlarged concerns in the rest of the parties and some radical MP's from FP and IMYD vowed to delegalise the party as too leftist.

Current leader of the party is Davut Osmanoğlu.

=== Muhafazakar Cumhuriyetçi Partisi ===
'''Status:''' legal <br />
'''Parliament:''' in opposition (37 MP's)<br />
Party was established under the rule of Süleyman II, in 1893 by Topal Ali Paşa, one of the leaders of progressive movement around the empire at the time. From its establishment party believed that reforms proposed by the new sultan are too superficial and the country must be transformed into presidential republic. Despite that party offered society very conservative program concentrated on religion and free market economy.

During the crises of 1960s party strongly opposed socialists and shown vast support for Süleyman III, which probably was the only reason why it was not abolished like leftists.

Current leader of the party is Karim Recep Paşa.

=== İşçi Partisi ===
'''Status:''' illegal <br />
One of the oldest parties, established in 1828. From its formation party vowed for giving more power to the people, including establishment of an one party parliament with themselves as a ruling party. Economic views are concentrated on central planning and common duty of work. The party was also the inventor of big state farms near the rivers which even in present days produce nearly 30% of food.

The party broke in two in 1919 when some of their less radical members acknowledged the system proposed by a new state constitution as good and tried to resign from idea of formation of one party regime instead of multiparty system. The new part was called Sosyalist Halk Partisi.

Işçi Partisi started to revolt in 1961 against the sultan with money and weapon support from communist countries around the world, most notable of which was [[Egani]]. After the death of the party leader, Komünist Halil Bey, many of the party members fled to other countries and still try to destabilize the empire and create new, red country.

Party don't have any official leader, the leadership belongs to the Large Council of All Turquese Workers.

=== Sosyalist Halk Partisi ===
'''Status:''' illegal <br />
Party evolved from the more sensitive wing of Işçi Partisi in 1919 and tried to make a socialist state using democratic methods. Despite that in crises of 1960s they decided to join Işçi Partisi in the revolt and when the riots ended, the party was delegalized. Many members of the party fled abroad and still try to depreciate the legitimate government of the empire.

Current leader of the party is Ahmet Serseri, living in Uletha.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Demirhan Empire]]
[[Category:Governments]]