User:ParrotMan/Sandbox/Government
 | |
|---|---|
| Government of ParrotMan/Sandbox/Government | |
| Federal Republic | |
| Capital | Noy Eulenstadt |
| Head of state | |
| • President | |
| • Executive Council | |
| Legislature | General Assembly of the Republic |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | Chamber of Representatives |
| Judiciary | Constitutional Court |
| AN, EUOIA | |
Politics and Government
Wendmark-Đenkuku is a Federal Republic, and its official head of state being the president. The executive branch is composed of six people, the five members of the Executive Council and the President of the country. The legislature is usually divided into two houses: the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives. The highest court Wendmark-Đenkuku is the Constitutional Court.
Executive Branch
The General Assembly convenes in every general election in which members elect new members of the Executive Council, nominated by the President. Usually, this is directly proportional to the party makeup of the Chamber of Representatives, with notable deviations in the elections of 1975 and 2000 when members voted across party lines. The President is elected by the people every general election.
The Executive Council is comprised of five voting and one nonvoting member, the nonvoting member being the President.
The President is voted directly by the people and are part of the Executive Branch but is not involved in voting. Instead, they serve to maintain decorum and setting agendas.
| Presidential Powers | Executive Council | |
|---|---|---|
| Electoral
Requirements |
Directly elected by the people | Nominated by the President, confirmed in the General Assembly.
Proportional to the Chamber of Representatives. |
| Scopes | Foreign Policy and Defense.
|
Domestic Policy and the Economy.
|
| Relationship
to Legislature |
Influences Parliament:
|
Legislative Powers:
|
| Relationship
to Executive Counterpart |
Relationship to Executive Council:
|
Relationship to the President:
|
| Relationship
to Ministries |
Appoints but requires G.A. approval:
|
Appoints but requires G.A. approval:
|
| Relationship
to Judiciary |
Nominates Federal Judges | Appoints Federal Judges |
| Removed by... | Impeachment from a General Assembly, term limits | Vote of no confidence in parliament, term limits |
Legislative Branch
The legislature can be unicameral, bicameral, or tricameral. In most circumstances, the legislature is bicameral.
Chamber of Representatives
The Chamber of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature in which members are elected through Mixed Member Proportional Representation with overhang mandates.
Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the legislature in which members appointed by each province. Each province is allowed three senators and each province is allowed determine how they appoint their members as long as it is democratic.
General Assembly
The General Assembly occurs in special circumstances (listed later) in which the Senate and Chamber of Representatives meet in the same room and act as one, unified legislature.
Modes of Government
Unicameralism
The government is unicameral in times of emergency, such as wartime or natural disasters, and is composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives combined. Both houses have to reach a consensus vote with a duration no less than 180 days in order to convene in a General Assembly and can choose to disband at any moment. In this mode of government, all power from the lower house and upper house is vested in the General Assembly. In this mode, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate do not meet.
Bicameralism
The government is usually bicameral in which there exists the lower house, the Chamber of Representatives, and the upper house, the Senate. The Chamber of Representatives is elected proportional to the population and three senators is appointed by each state for representation in the upper house. Specific powers are vested in the Chamber of Representatives (taxation, impeachment, etc...) and specific powers are vested in the Senate (confirmation, treaties, etc...). Both houses are allowed to draft and pass bills as long as bills reach both houses of the legislature.
Tricameralism
The legislature is tricameral when called upon by the Executive Council for a duration no longer than one week, or a consensus vote is reached in both houses with or without a duration but must be terminated when there is no longer a purpose for a tricameral government. In this mode, both houses regularly meet independently. The General Assembly is more limited in power during a Tricameral Government, mainly determining the constitutional amendments, the formation of new ministries, and allocation or formation of committees, although the latter option is restricted in some manner by the constitution. The General Assembly is constitutionally required to convene once every five years (The year of the general election) to discuss the reasons stated above.
Committees
As stated above, there exists committees in which almost all laws originate. Ministries often collaborate with committees, but is not mandated. Although the constitution technically allows committees to be shared between the two houses, it is unlikely for such an occurrence to happen. Currently, there is only one joint committee.
| Committee | House | Mandated by Constitution? |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & Food | Lower | No |
| Budget | Upper | Yes |
| Revenue | Lower | Yes; Must be Lower House |
| Cultural and Media Affairs | Upper | No |
| Climate Action and Energy | Upper | Partially |
| Consumer Protection | Lower | No |
| Defence | Upper | Yes; Must be Upper House |
| Economic Development | Lower | No |
| Education and Research | Lower | Partially, Education is Mandated. |
| Environmental Protection | Lower | No |
| EUOIA Affairs | Upper | No |
| Finance | Upper | No |
| Health | Lower | Yes; Must be Lower House |
| Foreign Affairs | Upper | Yes; Must be Upper House |
| Housing and Urban Development | Lower | No |
| Human Rights and Aid | Joint | No |
| Labor | Lower | No |
| Internal Affairs | Lower | Yes |
| Judiciary | Lower | Yes; Must be Lower House |
| Tourism | Upper | No |
| Transportation | Lower | No |
The Lawmaking Process
A law always originates from a committee, comprised of a small portion of Representatives or Senators interested in that specific field. The majority of the bill's duration will be in a committee. The committee can choose to either kill or revise a bill should it be rejected. The bill then gets pushed onto the whole floor of which the committee stems from. The committee will do all editing are required to hold consultations with professionals in the field. After the approval in the committee, the bill gets pushed to the floor of the house in which the committee originates. After that, it gets sent to counterpart house for another vote, and then its gets confirmed (or vetoed) by the Executive Council. At any point of this process can the bill fail, then it gets bat to the committee to face further drafting or the bill is killed.
Consider the following bill: The Child Welfare Act of 1972
Judicial Branch
The Judicial Branch is in charge of interpreting, applying, and deciding the constitutionality of a law. The federal court system is independent to the state court system. Federal courts typically handle cases involving federal law, the constitution, and disputes between states. State courts deal with most matters but can only rule on state laws. In the state judiciaries, the highest level of appeal is usually the highest court in the state, unless if there is constitutional concern. The highest court in the whole country is Constitutional Court with fifteen justices appointed by the Executive Council and confirmed by the Chamber of Representatives.
Electoral Process
The Executive Council and Senate are all elected every five years, and the Chamber of Representatives is elected every 2.5 years.
Ministries
The government holds twelve ministries, headed by the members of the executive council. Councilors can appoint ministers to fulfill their duties on their behalf. Ministries should not be confused with congressional committees, though they may work closely together as ministries have the knowledge and expertise.