Latest revision as of 09:36, 16 July 2023

Şneldorfian Kalmish

Şneldorfian Kalmish
	Şneldorfe Kalmiş
	/ʃɛnldɔɾfɛ kalmiʃ/
Official in	Şneldorf Vilayeti, Demirhan Empire
Also spoken in	Ardeşehir, Sahil Eyaleti
Estimated number of speakers	60 000
Regulating body	Demirhanlı Devletinin Dillerinin Kurulu
Language family	Gaermanic
Tonal language	no
	Demirhan Kalmish Alphabet
	Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Ff Gg Ğğ Hh Iı İi Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Öö Pp Rr Ss Śś Şş Tt Uu Üü Vv Yy Zz
	Norms of linguistic structure
Common constituent word order	SOV (subject-object-verb)
Modifier placement	adjective-noun
	Noun declensions
	Verb conjugations
	Adjective declensions

Şneldorfian Kalmish is a form of Kalmish language which evolved in Şneldorf island in Iviran Sea after the island was conquered by Demirhan Empire. During nearly 300 years of ongoing Turqese and Lorantian influence, the language underwent heavy changes not only in lexicon but also in grammar. In comparison Şneldorfian dialect of Turquese had only minor changes in vocabulary, mostly similar to the continental dialect spoken in Lorantis.

Alphabet

In 1835 per order of Sultan Mehmet VI all Turqan languages of Demirhan Empi seere stopped being written in Mazanic script and new Common Turqan Alphabet was imposed on all of these languages. The change was a basis for Şneldorfian Kalmish alphabet and spelling reform which was introduced in 1856 by tekfur of the island, Albreht fon Hagen.

Şneldorfian Kalmish alphabet
Letter	A a	B b	C c	Ç ç	D d	E e	F f	G g	Ğ ğ	H h	I ı	İ i	J j	K k	L l	M m	N n	O o	Ö ö	P p	R r	S s	Ś ś	Ş ş	T t	U u	Ü ü	V v	Y y	Z z
pronunciation	/a/	/b/	/d͡ʒ/	/t͡ʃ/	/d/	/ɛ/	/f/	/g/	/ː/	/h/	/ɯ/	/i/	/ʒ/	/k/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/ɔ/	/œ/	/p/	/ɾ/	/s/	/z/	/ʃ/	/t/	/u/	/y/	/v/	/j/	/ts/
corresponding Kalmish letter(s)	a	b	dsch	tsch	d	ä, e	f	g	–^[1]	ch, h	y	i	j^[2]	k	l	m	n	o	ö	p	r	s^[3]	s	sch	t	u	ü	w	j	z

Grammar

Şneldorfian Kalmish went through three major changes in grammar. First is removal of grammatical genders with preservation of definite and undefinite articles and case system. Also unlike in standard Kalmish the article can be omitted, especially in speech, with the suffix added to the word. Additionally in common speech fifth case, locative, appears in place of more typical Kalmish complex construction using the mit preposition. The article table with an example can be seen below:

Case	Singular			Plural
Case	Definite article	Undefinite article	Short form	Definite article	Short form
Nominatif	der Sultan	ayn Sultan	Sultan	di Sultan	Sultani
Genitif	des Sultans	aynes Sultans	Sultans	der Sultane	Sultanere
Datif	dem Sultan	aynem Sultan	Sultanem	den Sultanen	Sultanen
Akkusatif	das Sultan	aynen Sultan	Sultanas	di Sultane	Sultane
Instrumentalis	mit dem Sultan	mit aynem Sultan	Sultanit	mit den Sultanen	Sultanenit

Additionally in some cases where the meaning if the sentence is clear, the verb to be/sein can be omitted.

Sample text

Article 1 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

Ingerish:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Standard Kalmish:

Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen ausgestattet und sollen brüderlich miteinander umgehen.

Şneldorfian Kalmish:

Alle Menşi fray ve eşet an Vürde ve Rehten geboren. Śi mit Fürśat ve Gevissen ausgeştattet ve śollen brüderlih mitaynander umgeyen.

Dictionary

Şneldorfe Kalmiş word	Translation	Notes
Abfur noun	Transport
Absicht noun	Intent
Adler noun	Eagle
Ahse noun	Axis
Alle pronoun	All
Alt adjective	Old
An preposition	In
Anstand noun	Decency
Apfel noun	Apple
April noun	April
Asalet noun	Justice
Artig noun	Behaved
Arzt noun	Doctor
Ausgeştat verb	To endow
Aynhayt noun	Unity
Bağn noun	Railway
Bakal noun	General store
Bal noun	Ball
Beşraybung noun	Description
Beştimung noun	Destiny
Bayer noun	Flag
Beyet noun	Couplet
Blat noun	Leaf
Blaue noun, adjective	Blue
Boren verb	To birth
Brüderlih noun	Brotherhood
Brüke noun	Bridge
Buh noun	Book
Burg noun	Castle
Bühne noun	Scene
Cami noun	Mosque
Dalyan noun	Diving
Demet noun	Bundle
Depot noun	Depo
Diamant noun	Diamond
Dün adjective	Thin
Ebene noun	Narrow
Emay noun	Enamel
Eng adjective
Engel noun	Angel
Ente noun	Duck
Erlösüng noun	Salvation
Ernte noun	Crop
Eroberer noun	Conqueror
Eyren noun	Honour
Fasan noun	Pheasant
Fayn adjective	Cool, fine
Fels noun	Rock
Ferah noun	Spacious
Feteran noun	Veteran
Feudal adjective	Feudal
Fidel noun	Violin
Fihte noun	Spruce
Fiş noun	Fish
Fişer noun	Fisherman
Flug noun	Flight
Flughafen noun	Airport
Flut noun	Flood
Forşlaghamer noun	Sledgehammer
Fortşrit noun	Progress
Fray adjective	Free
Fridhof noun	Graveyard
Friş noun	Cool
Froyndşaft noun	Friendship
Früğling noun	Spring	Season
Füllüng adjective	Filling
Fülya noun	Jonquil
Fürśat noun	Reason
Garten noun	Garden
Gayst noun	Mind
Gemeinde noun	Parish
Genseblümşen noun	Daisy
Gerehtişkayt noun	Fairness
Gevir noun	Tangle
Gevissen noun	Conscience
Gevölbt noun	Arched
Gör noun	Brat
Graben noun	Ditch
Gross adjective, adverb	Big
Grün noun, adjective	Green
Haber noun	News
Hafen noun	Port
Halbinsel noun	Peninsula
Halbmond noun	Crescent
Hand noun	Hand
Harz noun	Heart
Havyar noun	Cavior
Haylige adjective, noun	Saint
Hendler noun	Trader
Haymat noun	Homeland
Heylen adjective	Howling
Hofnung noun	Hope
İnsel noun	Island
İnşrift noun	Inscription
İslah noun	Improvement
Kaligraf noun	Calligrapher
Kamera noun	Camera
Karte noun	Map
Kasten noun	Box
Katip noun	Clerk
Kirşe noun	Church
Klayn adjective, adverb	Small
Klegblat noun	Clover leaf
Knaype noun	Inn
Komandant noun	Commander
Koral noun	Coral
Kosmos noun	Cosmos
Koyle noun	Mine
Kraftverk noun	Power plant
Krehe noun	Crow
Kristal adjective, noun	Crystal
Kumer noun	Grief
Kurz adjective, adverb	Short
Lale noun	Tulip
Lange adjective, adverb	Long
Layhte adjective, adverb	Light
Leyben noun	Life
Leyrer noun	Teacher
Libhaber noun	Lover
Liht noun	Light
Lila noun	Lilac
Lilye noun	Lily
Linde noun	Linden
Loyte noun	Lute
Mahir noun	Adept
Mauer noun	Wall
Mayn noun	Main
Mayster noun	Master
Menge noun	Amount
Menş noun	Man
Mer noun	Sea
Meydan noun	Square
Milbe noun	Mite
Mit preposition	With
Mitaynander adverb	Together
Morgen noun	Morning
Mutiş adjective	Brave
Nazyon noun	Nation
Nazyonal noun	National
Nelke noun	Clove
Neyen verb	Sew
Nilüfer noun	Water lily
Noye adjective	New
Olive noun	Olive
Opus noun	Work; masterpiece	Artistic form of work
Orhideğ noun	Orchid
Örde noun	Army
Park noun	Park
Perle noun	Pearl
Perven noun	Propeller
Prayleray noun	Boast
Profezeyung noun	Prophecy
Raum noun	Space
Rayf adjective	Mature
Rayl noun	Rail
Rayśender noun	Traveller
Regyerung noun	Government
Rehte noun	Right
Reygel noun	Rule
Risal noun	Tractate
Ritterlih noun	Knightship
Rogen noun	Roe
Rośe noun	Rose
Rot noun, adjective	Red
Röbber noun	Robber
Sanay noun	Industry
Sarga noun	Wrap
Satire noun	Satire
Sebat noun	Persistence
Seren noun	Boom
Seynśuht noun	Longing
Sezling noun	Sapling
Soldat noun	Soldier
Stasyon noun	Station
Süd noun	South
Şenkel noun	Thig
Şiksal noun	Fate
Şmyed noun	Smith
Şpital noun	Hospital
Şpize noun	Hill
Ştad noun	City
Ştağt noun	State
Ştigma noun	Symptom
Ştrasse noun	Street
Şüle noun	School
Şvarz noun, adjective	Black
Śeğ noun	Lake
Śeğle noun	Soul
Śeğman noun	Seaman
Śelten noun	Rare
Śi pronoun	They
Śiher adjective, adverb	Sure
Śollen verb	Should
Tafelland noun	Plateau
Tatil noun	Holiday
Tryumf noun	Victory
Tugend noun	Virtue
Tuhmaher noun	Clothier
Tür noun	Door, gate
Umgeyen verb	To evade
Überleybt noun	Survivor
Vaysse noun	White
Ve noun	And
Veg noun	Way
Velt noun	World
Vürde noun	Dignity
Vüste noun	Desert
Yaht noun	Yacht
Yavuś noun	Dangerous, terrible
Yura noun	Law
Zeder adjective, noun	Cedar
Zeygen noun	Blessingl
Zıpresse noun	Cypress
Zug noun	Train
Zvek noun	Purpose

References

↑ Prolongates a preceding vowel
↑ In borrowings only
↑ In place of ß doubled

[1] Prolongates a preceding vowel

[2] In borrowings only

[3] In place of ß doubled

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-=Infrastructure in Demirhan Empire=
-Demirhan Empire, spanning over half million of square kilometers has relatively well developed transportation system on land, sea and in the air.
-==Roads==
-All state roads in Demirhan Empire are toll-free. They can be divided into four categories:
-* '''Motorways''' (''Otoyolları'', numbered Oxx) connect main cities of the country and are most suitable for long distance transportation with allowed speed up to 130 km/h.
-* '''Express ways''' (''Hızlı yolları'', numbered Dxxx) are supporting system to motorways. All crossings are grade separated but the distance between interchanges is smaller than in case of motorways. These roads have also smaller curve radii and less roadside infrastructure. Another case where express ways may appear are unfinished motorways or short city bypasses. As a consequence maximal allowed speed is only 130 km/h.
-* '''State roads''' (''Devlet yolları'', numbered Dxxx) the oldest system of roads dedicated to for motorized travel, mainly developed in first half of previous century before fast travel roads became more popular. State roads still remain main connection to smaller cities across the country. The max speed allowed at these or lesser roads is 90 km/h.
-* '''Province roads''' (''İl yolları'', numbered Dx-xxx) are less important roads which connect small towns between each other. They also serve the purpose of main roads in bigger cities.
-===Numbering system===
-All roads except for motorways  have first digit of number given according to zones in which the road starts:
-# Coastal areas of the Ivorian Sea and along Kıran rivers.
-# Core of Karadolu Valley.
-# Malesorian Vilayet, Yevercin Plateau, Kan and Kuru Valleys,
-# Shirvan.
-# Empty, kept as a reserve for mainland roads.
-# Overseas territory of Şneldorf.
-# Overseas territory of [[Demirhan Tarephian Khedivate|Tarephian Khedivate]].
-Additionally roads going from north to south generally have uneven numbers and those from east to west have even ones. Also in the zones lower numbers tend to be located in northeast and higher in southwest but over time arose many exceptions to the rule caused by increased by number of main roads and motorways and express ways construction.
-==Railways==
-First railway, connecting Tarsınar with Ardeşehir was opened in 1860s. Since then many other were constructed, mainly for needs of cargo transportation, therefore mining regions have the railway system significantly more developed than the rest of the country.
-All of the railways of the main system use standard gauge (1435 mm) and voltage of 25 kV. There are, however some railways of local meaning which use metre gauge and lower voltage.
-===Rapid railways===
-In 1997 the proposal of construction of railway rapid transit in Demirhan Empire and [[Lorantis]] was given by the sultan. In 1998 first actual plans were laid down and year later the consortium of nearly 60 companies, called DemLor Construction was established, marking the start of construction of first railway between Ardeşehir and Neril has begun.
-The basic premises of Demirhan Rapid Railways included: the max speed of 200 to 250 km/h, minimal curve radius of 2000 m and voltage of 25 kV. The trains were constructed by state-owned company called Vehikar.
-Currently three railways are in operation:
-* Malesorian border/Almıros - İskenderiya - Ardeşehir - Malazıt - Kandil - Aheron - Beril with branches to Hörezöy and Viktorya.
-* Ardeşehir - Vıralmanaz - Tarsınar - Karsun - Kayramtor - Gadıvar (Denglikar) - Nehirhisar
-* Neril - Vilosetra - Kendarıl - Tarsınar.
-Additionally one line is planned:
-* Tarsınar - Burhane - Şirvandar - Hosrat.
-Some of these railways, for example line between Kabalanya and Kayramtor are also used by normal speed trains.
-==Ports and water ways==
-Demirhan Empire has access to Ivirian Sea. Main ports are located in Ardeşehir and Malazıt with other important ports including Almıros, İskenderiya, Hörezöy, Viktorya and Sebesta.
-Additionally the country has access to inland Emerald Sea where cargo and passenger transportation is also present although these ports, located in Hosrat, Rudafşar and Şahriz are significantly smaller than those leading to the open sea.
-Some waterways, including Kıran river up to Nehirhisar and Yenik river to Zaray Lake are suitable for inland sailing. These two rivers are also connected through canal leading from Zaray Lake through Ladiç river.
-In Demirhan Tarephian Khedivate largest ports include Yeşilkörfez, Fıstıkşehri, Kumırt'uku and Şirinabad. Rohodyablo river and it's subsidiaries play crucial role in inland transportation for several towns located in the jungle.
-==Air transportation==
-The empire has 13 commercial airports, however the country limits air freedoms significantly to promote national company called Demirhan Airlines. Therefore flights between Demirhan Empire and another country cannot be provided by airlines located in third party country, except for three major airports in Ardeşehir, Nehirhisar  and Tarsınar, and foreign airlines can not provide internal flights at all.
-The country does not have civil aircraft producer and leans entirely on foreign production, mainly Sabbalini-Hordiyenko planes. Historically the empire was a major airship producer, thanks to Althaymer company. However due to lowering popularity of that type of aircraft during 40s of the previous century, the company almost entirely switched to production of civil and military drones. Although Althaymer still produces small number of airships, mainly for advertising and touristic purposes and their management tries to promote use of that mean of transportation for regular traffic as being much more environmentally friendly than planes, there is little interest for that in the international community.
 =Şneldorfian Kalmish=
 {{Infobox lang
-| name = (Şneldorfian Kalmish)
+| name = Şneldorfian Kalmish
 | native_name = Şneldorfe Kalmiş
 | pronunciation = /ʃɛnldɔɾfɛ kalmiʃ/
@@ Line 65: / Line 11: @@
 | dialects =
 | family = Gaermanic
-| writing_system = Romantish Alphabet
+| writing_system = Demirhan Kalmish Alphabet
-| script =
+| script = Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Ff Gg Ğğ Hh Iı İi Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Öö Pp Rr Ss Śś Şş Tt Uu Üü Vv Yy Zz
 | tonal = no
-| alignment N-A
+| alignment Nominative-accusative
-| word-order = SOV
+| word-order = SOV (subject-object-verb)
 | modifiers = adjective-noun
 | noun-cases = yes