User:Rustem Pasha/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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! R<br />r | ! R<br />r | ||
! S<br />s | ! S<br />s | ||
! Ś<br />ś | |||
! Ş<br />ş | ! Ş<br />ş | ||
! T<br />t | ! T<br />t | ||
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! Y<br />y | ! Y<br />y | ||
! Z<br />z | ! Z<br />z | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| /ɾ/ | | /ɾ/ | ||
| /s/ | | /s/ | ||
| /z/ | |||
| /ʃ/ | | /ʃ/ | ||
| /t/ | | /t/ | ||
| Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
| /j/ | | /j/ | ||
| /ts/ | | /ts/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| corresponding Kalmish letter(s) | | corresponding Kalmish letter(s) | ||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
| r | | r | ||
| s<ref>In place of ß doubled</ref> | | s<ref>In place of ß doubled</ref> | ||
| s | |||
| sch | | sch | ||
| t | | t | ||
| Line 100: | Line 101: | ||
| j | | j | ||
| z | | z | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
Şneldorfian Kalmish went through three major changes in grammar. First is removal of grammatical genders with preservation of definite and undefinite articles and case system. Also unlike in standard Kalmish the article can be omitted, especially in speech, with the suffix added to the word. The article table with an example can be seen below: | Şneldorfian Kalmish went through three major changes in grammar. First is removal of grammatical genders with preservation of definite and undefinite articles and case system. Also unlike in standard Kalmish the article can be omitted, especially in speech, with the suffix added to the word. Additionally in common speech fifth case, locative, appears in place of more typical Kalmish complex construction using the ''mit'' preposition. The article table with an example can be seen below: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan="2" |Case | !rowspan="2" |Case | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Nominatif | |Nominatif | ||
| | |di Sultan | ||
|ayn Sultan | |ayn Sultan | ||
| | |Sultan | ||
|di Sultan | |di Sultan | ||
|Sultani | |Sultani | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Genitif | ||
|des Sultans | |des Sultans | ||
|aynes Sultans | |aynes Sultans | ||
| Line 142: | Line 142: | ||
|di Sultane | |di Sultane | ||
|Sultane | |Sultane | ||
|- | |||
|Instrumentalis | |||
|mit dem Sultan | |||
|mit aynem Sultan | |||
|Sultanit | |||
|mit den Sultanen | |||
|Sultanenit | |||
|} | |} | ||
Additionally in some cases where the meaning if the sentence is clear, the verb ''to be''/''sein'' can be omitted. | |||
== Sample text == | == Sample text == | ||
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''Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen ausgestattet und sollen brüderlich miteinander umgehen.'' | ''Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen ausgestattet und sollen brüderlich miteinander umgehen.'' | ||
*Şneldorfian Kalmish:<br /> | *Şneldorfian Kalmish:<br /> | ||
''Alle Menşen fray ve eşet an Vürde ve Rehten geboren | ''Alle Menşen fray ve eşet an Vürde ve Rehten geboren. Śi mit Fürśat ve Gevissen ausgeştattet ve śollen brüderlih mitaynander umgeyen.'' | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 20:11, 16 May 2022
Şneldorfian Kalmish is a form of Kalmish language which evolved in Şneldorf island in Iviran Sea after the island was conquered by Demirhan Empire. During nearly 300 years of ongoing Turqese and Lorantian influence, the language underwent heavy changes not only in lexicon but also in grammar. In comparison Şneldorfian dialect of Turquese had only minor changes in vocabulary, mostly similar to the continental dialect spoken in Lorantis.
Alphabet
In 1835 per order of Sultan Mehmet VI all Turqan languages of Demirhan Empire stopped being written in Mazanic script and new Common Turqan Alphabet was imposed on all of these languages. The change was a basis for Şneldorfian Kalmish alphabet and spelling reform which was introduced in 1856 by tekfur of the island, Albreht fon Hagen.
| Letter | A a |
B b |
C c |
Ç ç |
D d |
E e |
F f |
G g |
Ğ ğ |
H h |
I ı |
İ i |
J j |
K k |
L l |
M m |
N n |
O o |
Ö ö |
P p |
R r |
S s |
Ś ś |
Ş ş |
T t |
U u |
Ü ü |
V v |
Y y |
Z z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronunciation | /a/ | /b/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /d/ | /ɛ/ | /f/ | /g/ | /ː/ | /h/ | /ɯ/ | /i/ | /ʒ/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɔ/ | /œ/ | /p/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /u/ | /y/ | /v/ | /j/ | /ts/ |
| corresponding Kalmish letter(s) | a | b | dsch | tsch | d | ä, e | f | g | –[1] | ch, h | y | i | j[2] | k | l | m | n | o | ö | p | r | s[3] | s | sch | t | u | ü | w | j | z |
Grammar
Şneldorfian Kalmish went through three major changes in grammar. First is removal of grammatical genders with preservation of definite and undefinite articles and case system. Also unlike in standard Kalmish the article can be omitted, especially in speech, with the suffix added to the word. Additionally in common speech fifth case, locative, appears in place of more typical Kalmish complex construction using the mit preposition. The article table with an example can be seen below:
| Case | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite article | Undefinite article | Short form | Definite article | Short form | |
| Nominatif | di Sultan | ayn Sultan | Sultan | di Sultan | Sultani |
| Genitif | des Sultans | aynes Sultans | Sultans | der Sultane | Sultanere |
| Datif | dem Sultan | aynem Sultan | Sultanem | den Sultanen | Sultanen |
| Akkusatif | das Sultan | aynen Sultan | Sultanas | di Sultane | Sultane |
| Instrumentalis | mit dem Sultan | mit aynem Sultan | Sultanit | mit den Sultanen | Sultanenit |
Additionally in some cases where the meaning if the sentence is clear, the verb to be/sein can be omitted.
Sample text
Article 1 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
- Ingerish:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- Standard Kalmish:
Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen ausgestattet und sollen brüderlich miteinander umgehen.
- Şneldorfian Kalmish:
Alle Menşen fray ve eşet an Vürde ve Rehten geboren. Śi mit Fürśat ve Gevissen ausgeştattet ve śollen brüderlih mitaynander umgeyen.