User:Zhenkang/Kanglapolish language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox lang
{{please delete|Removing wiki presence in opposition to admin wiki policies}}
| name = Kanglapolish
| native_name = ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ
| pronunciation = Kangpatsa
| official = {{Kanglapo}}, [[File:Kinglavia flag.svg|28px]] [[Kinglavia]]
| other-regions = Northern Archanta
| speakers = 22 million
| agency = {{way|31093785|Kanglapolish National Institute of the Katayan Language}}
| sign =
| dialects = Nanson, Baeson, Kinglavian
| family =
| writing_system =
| script = Pathannok (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢᥢᥨᥐ)
| tonal = No
| alignment =
| word-order = SVO (subject-verb-object)
| modifiers =
| noun-cases = no
| noun-gender = no
| noun-number = yes
| verb-aspect = yes
| verb-mood = yes
| verb-number = yes
| verb-person = yes
| verb-tense = yes
| verb-voice = yes
| adj-cases = no
| adj-gender = no
| adj-number = no
}}
 
'''Kanglapolish''' (Kanglapolish: '''ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ''' ''Kangpatsa'') is a language isolate spoken by the Katayan people. It is the official and national language of [[Kanglapo]] and [[Kinglavia]], and recognised as a minority language in its neighbouring countries such as the [[Bai Empire]] and [[Huaxia]], spoken mainly by Katayans outside of Kanglapo's borders. The common dialect spoken and considered standard in Kanglapo is the Nanson dialect. It remains a debate among Kanglapolish linguists whether the Kinglavian dialect is a variant or a separate language from Kanglapolish due to several distinctions in the lexicon.
 
While Kanglapolish is a language isolate, the language has seen considerable influences from [[Wikipedia:Chinese language|Baiyu]] and plenty of Axiatic and Ardentic languages spoken in the Northern Archanta region. Modern Kanglapolish is written in Pathannok, believed to be derived from the Nakah script.
==Phonology (ᥑᥣᥢᥑᥨ-ᥖᥩ)==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
|'''Bilabial'''
|'''Labiodental'''
|'''Alveolar'''
|'''Palato-alveolar'''
|'''Palatal'''
|'''Velar'''
|-
|'''Nasal'''
|m
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|-
|'''Stop'''
|p pʰ
|
|t tʰ d
|ʈ
|
|k kʰ
|-
|'''Affricate'''
|
|
|ʦ ʦʰ
|
|ʨ ʨʰ
|
|-
|'''Fricative'''
|
|f
|s z
|ʂ ʂʰ ʐ
|
|x
|-
|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|j
|
|-
|'''Trill'''
|
|
|r
|
|
|
|-
|'''Lateral approximant'''
|
|
|l
|
|
|
|}
====Co-articulated phonemes====
{| class="wikitable"
|'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
|'''Labial-velar'''
|-
|-
|'''Approximant'''
|w
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''Front'''
|'''Central'''
|'''Back'''
|-
|High
|i y
|
|ɯ u uː
|-
|Near-high
|
|
|ʊ
|-
|High-mid
|e eː
|
|ɤ o oː
|-
|Mid
|
|ə
|
|-
|Low-mid
|
|
|ʌ
|-
|Low
|a aː
|
|
|}
 
==Script (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢ) ==
Kanglapolish uses the Pathannok (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢᥢᥨᥐ) script, an abugida derived from the [[Wikipedia:Burmese alphabet|Nakah script]]. Historically, Bai characters have also been used and adapted especially during periods of Bai tributary rule. Kanglapolish then was written in a mixed Bai-Pathannok script, where most lexical roots were written in Baiyu and grammatical forms in the Kanglapolish alphabet. Under Surian occupation, an attempt was made to use the Surian script for the language. Due to the difficulty in adapting the script for the language and the inconsistent transcription rules, this policy was abandoned. By the time of Kanglapo's independence, Baiyu characters had been phased out, and modern Kanglapolish only uses Pathannok to this day.
 
Kinglavia still retains the use of Baiyu characters, but ever since Jin Gan Lok's cultural reformations, Baiyu is largely reserved for specific circumstances such as official documents, newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation.
{| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| colspan="25" | '''Consonants'''
|-
!Character
|  ᥙ  || ᥚ || ဒ  || ᥐ ||  ᥠ  || ᥑ ||  ᥒ  || ᥖ ||  ᥗ 
|ဖ|| ᥘ || ລ || ᥛ || ᥢ || ᥓ || ဈ
| ᥔ || ᥟ || ᥡ || ᥞ || ဆ
|စ
|ᥕ
|-
![[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|  [p] || [pʰ] || [d] || [k] ||  [kʰ] ||  [x] || [ŋ] || [t] ||  [tʰ]
|[f]|| [l] || [ʐ] || [m] || [n] || [ts] || [ʈʂ]|| [ʨʰ] || [ʦʰ] || [ʈʂʰ] || [s] || [ʂ]
|[tɕ]
|[j]
|-
!Surian transcription
|п/б
|пх/п
|д
|кх/к
|к/кь
|х
|нъ
|т
|тх
|ф
|ль/л
|зр/р
|м
|н
|з/ц/цз
|жх/чж
|чх/щ
|ц
|чь/ч
|с
|ш/щ
|ж
|й
|-
!Old Romanisation
|p
|ph
|d
|k
|kh
|hs
|ng
|t
|th
|f
|l
|z
|m
|n
|c
|jh
|cj
|ts
|tsh
|s
|sh
|j
|y
|-
!Romanisation
|  b || p || d || k || g || h || ng || t ||  th
|f|| l ||  r ||  m || n || z ||zh|| czh || c || ch || s || sh
|j
|y
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| colspan="18" |'''Vowels'''
|-
!Character
|ᥣ
|ᥭ
|ᥝ
| ᥤ
| ᥪ
|ᥬ
|ᥬᥩ
|ᥤᥝ
| ᥫ
|ᥥ
| ᥦ
| ᥩ
| ᥨ
|ᥨᥭ
| ᥧ
|ᥧᥤ
| ᥧᥭ
|-
!IPA
|[a]
|[ai]
|[ao]
|[i]
|[y]
|[iʌ]
|[iʌo]
|[iu]
|[ʌ], [ə]
|[e]
|[e(ː)]
|[o], [ʊ]
|[ɤ]
|[oi]
|[w], [u], [ɯ]
|[ui]
|[uai]
|-
!Surian transcription
|а
|ай
|аo
|и
|ый
|йе/е
|ё
|ю
|е́
|е
|э
|o
|о́
|oй
|у
|уй
|уай
|-
!Old Romanisation
|a
|ai
|ao
|i
|Ï
|ie
|eo
|eu/yu
|e
|ë
|ë'
|ŏ
|o
|oi
|w/u
|wi
|wai
|-
!Romanisation
|a
|ai
|ao
|i
|ü
|ie
|io/eo
|iu
|e
|ei
|ae
|ou
|o
|oi
|w (at start)/u
|ui
|uai
|}
 
Notes: The Kinglavian dialect, on the other hand, might use ᥢ for [ŋ] and ᥐ and ᥠ are interchangeable for [k] and [kʰ]. [o] and [ʊ] sounds are usually transcribed as ᥨ [ɤ].
===Romanisation===
The Lomanpat'han (literally meaning 'Romanised script') is the current official romanisation system of the Kanglapolish language. The system, developed by a group of Kanglapolish linguists in the early 20th century, was based on the romanised system for Baiyu due to shared consonant and vowel sounds. In cases of ambiguity, orthographic syllable boundaries are indicated with an apostrophe or hyphens. The system was revised several times, especially simplifying the use of breves, apostrophes, hyphens and diereses, and consonant and vowel clusters.
 
==Grammar (ᥚᥣᥖᥙᥤᥝᥐ)==
Kanglapolish follows the same order of words in the Ingerish language: subject-verb-object. (e.g. 'I eat rice', ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Me zat mai''). As in Ingerish, adjectives come before the nouns they describe, and adverbs are placed after the verb/adjective. Morphologically, adjectives and adverbs are not distinguished, with many words often serving either function. The following section generally applies to most Kanglapolish dialects in Kanglapo.
 
=== Derivational morphology ===
Kanglapolish has prefixes on words to indicate plurals for nouns and tenses for verbs. For example, 'I ate rice' would be 'ᥛᥫ ဆᥤᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''me shizat mai''' with 'shi-' to indicate the verb in the past tense. However, when information like tense is clear from the context, the prefix might be omitted (e.g. 'I ate rice an hour ago', ᥕᥤᥡ ᥛᥤᥢဖᥪ ᥐᥬᥒᥨᥭ, ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Ich minfü kiengoi, me zat mai''). For the previous sentence, the context clause comes before the sentence (An hour ago, I ate rice). Kinglavian Kanglapolish and other dialects, on the other hand, would require the prefix.
 
Kanglapolish nouns are genderless but have plural/singular forms indicated by suffixes. For example, 'dog' in Kanglapolish is 'gahaik'. In plural form, 'dogs' will be 'dotgahaik' ('dot' meaning 'many'). However, similarly to the above, when it's clear how many items there are (with a counter/classifier), the suffix would usually be dropped (e.g. 'three dogs' would be 'sam gahaik'). Other dialects and other words in standard Kanglapolish would repeat the noun to indicate plural forms (e.g. 'sam gahaik-gahaik'). Kanglapolish does not encode definite and indefinite articles. Demonstratives are used, however, to point out a specific item.
 
To make a verb or adjective negative, the suffix '-shen' will be added. 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Tense
! colspan="2" |Prefixes
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|'''Past'''
|ဆᥤ-
|shi-
|-
|'''Future'''
|ᥖᥣ-
|ta-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Word class changes
! colspan="2" |Suffixes
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|'''Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])'''
| -ဒᥧᥛ
| -dum
|-
|'''Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])'''
| -ᥖᥨᥐ
| -tok
|-
|'''Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)'''
|  -ဒᥭᥐ/-ᥞᥨᥢ
|  -daik/-son
|-
|'''Noun → verb'''
|  -ဆᥧᥐ/-ᥞᥧᥐ
|  -shuk/-sok
|-
|'''Verb → adjective (e.g. analytical → analysing)'''
| -ᥛᥨᥐ
| -mok
|-
|'''Verb → noun'''
| -ᥞᥨᥭ
| -soi
|}
 
===Demonstratives===
The following are words to refer to or point out a person or an object.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Demonstrative
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Near speaker'''
|'''This'''
|ᥖᥤ
|ti
|-
|'''Here'''
|ဒᥤ
|di
|-
|'''This way'''
|ᥖᥤဒᥣᥐ
|tidak
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Far from speaker'''
|'''That'''
|ᥖᥣᥛ
|tam
|-
|'''There'''
|ဒᥣ
|da
|-
|'''That way'''
|ᥖᥣᥛဒᥣᥐ
|tamdak
|}
 
===Pronouns===
The pronouns of Kanglapolish are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Pronouns
! colspan="2" |Singular
! colspan="2" |Plural
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|'''1st (I, we)'''
|ᥛᥫ/ᥙᥨ-ᥛᥫ
|me / po'me (formal)
|ဒᥨᥖᥛᥫ
|dotme
|-
|'''2nd (you)'''
|ᥑᥣ/ᥑᥣᥐ
|ha / hak (formal)
|ဒᥨᥖᥑᥣ/ဒᥨᥖᥙᥨᥑᥣᥐ
|dot'ha / dot'pohak (formal)
|-
|'''3rd (he)'''
|ᥐᥭ/ᥙᥨ-ᥐᥭ
|kai / po'kai (formal)
| rowspan="3" |ဒᥨᥖᥐᥦᥐ/ဒᥨ-ᥖᥙᥨ-ᥐᥦᥐ
| rowspan="3" |dotkaek / dot'po'kaek (formal)
|-
|'''3rd (she)'''
|ᥐᥣᥛ
|kam
|-
|'''3rd (they)'''
|ᥐᥦᥐ
|kaek
|}
Possessive forms are indicated with an additional suffix 'tae' after the pronoun. Hence 'his' would be 'kaitae'. 
 
=== Possessives ===
The most common way of showing possessives in Kanglapolish is adding 'tae' between the noun/pronoun and the subject in question. For example, 'her bag' would be translated to 'ᥐᥣᥛᥖᥦ ᥙᥝᥖᥣ ''kamtae baota''<nowiki/>'. Other syllables include 'lae' or 'kae'. Another common form of possession, only used for nouns and not pronouns, is using 'la' to indicate who or what the object belongs to. For example, 'Susan's bag' can be written in Kanglapolish as 'ᥙᥝᥖᥣ ᥘᥣ ᥞᥧᥞᥣᥢ ''baota la Susan''<nowiki/>', which directly translates as 'bag of Susan'. A more prominent example is the country name of Kanglapo, which roughly means 'Country of the People'.
 
The verb 'toi', equivalent to 'have' in Ingerish, is also used to express possession. For example, 'I have money' will translate into 'ᥛᥫ ᥖᥨᥭ ᥐᥨဆ-ᥛᥣ ''me toi koshma''<nowiki/>'.
 
===Prepositions===
Due to influences from Baiyu, some prepositions in Kanglapolish function quite differently compared to many other languages like Ingerish. Spatial and temporal verbs are adopted to express relationships between nouns and indicate location, direction, time, and other relationships between objects or events. For example "ᥛᥫ ᥢᥣᥖ ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ ''me nat douyom''" could mean "I am in school" or "I am at school", with "ᥢᥣᥖ ''nat''" meaning "exist / be living / stay / remain". To reduce ambiguity, "ᥘᥦ ''lae''" could be added at the end of the sentence after the object for "I am in school" (i.e. ᥛᥫ ᥢᥣᥖ ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ ᥘᥦ ''me nat douyom lae''), directly meaning "I am at school inside".
{| class="wikitable"
|+Prepositions for directions/positions
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
!Ingerish
!Example
! width="45%" | Notes
|-
| ᥢᥣᥖ
| nat
|at, in, on
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|"ᥢᥣᥖ ''nat''" meaning "exist / be living / stay / remain"
|-
| ᥢᥣᥖ... ᥘᥦ
| nat... lae
|inside
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ '''ᥘᥦ'''
|
|-
| ᥢᥣᥖ... ᥘᥭ
| nat... lai
|outside
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ '''ᥘᥭ'''
|
|-
| ᥢᥣᥖ... ᥕᥨᥢ
| nat... yon
|by/beside/next to
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ '''ᥕᥨᥢ'''
|
|-
|ᥢᥣᥖ... ᥑᥬᥢ
|nat... hien
|in front of
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ '''ᥑᥬᥢ'''
|
|-
| ᥢᥣᥖ... ᥛᥣᥢ
| nat... man
|behind
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥢᥣᥖ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ '''ᥛᥣᥢ'''
|
|-
|ᥐᥨᥒ
|kong
|from
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥐᥨᥒ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|"ᥐᥨᥒ (kong)" itself functions as a verb.
|-
|ᥐᥝ
ᥐᥧᥤ
|kao
kui
|to/towards
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥐᥨᥒ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
ᥛᥫ '''ᥐᥧᥤ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|"ᥐᥧᥤ (kui) can be used after a verb to make up a preposition phrase (e.g. "run to" or "go to"), but not "ᥐᥝ (kao)", which itself is a verb meaning "go".
|-
|ᥖᥩ
|tou
|to (reach)
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥖᥩ''' ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|Usually used for a person/object that is nearing the destination
|-
|ᥐᥝ... ລᥣᥢ
|kao... ran
|down
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥐᥧᥤ''' ᥐᥫᥖ '''ລᥣᥢ'''
|
|-
|ᥐᥝ... ᥞᥨᥖ
|kao... sot
|up
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥐᥧᥤ''' ᥐᥫᥖ '''ᥞᥨᥖ'''
|
|-
|ᥙᥧᥭ
|buai
|on
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥙᥧᥭ''' ᥐᥫᥖ
|"ᥙᥧᥭ (buai)" itself functions as a verb meaning "on top"
|-
|ဆᥩ
|shou
|across/through
|ᥛᥫ '''ဆᥩ''' ဒᥬᥢᥗᥩ
|"ဆᥩ (shou)" itself functions as a verb meaning "passing"
|-
|ᥠᥫᥐ
|gek
|with
|ᥛᥫ '''ᥠᥫᥐ''' ᥑᥣ
|"ᥠᥫᥐ (gek)" itself functions as a verb meaning "accompany"
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Prepositions for time
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
!Ingerish
!Example
! width="45%" | Notes
|-
|ᥟᥨᥢ
|con
|from/onwards
|ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ '''ᥟᥨᥢ''' 1:15 ဖᥪ
|
|-
|ᥟᥦ
|cae
|since
|
|Like in Ingerish, used in the present perfect sense. (e.g. I have been eating rice since...)
|-
| စᥣᥐ
| jak
|from
| rowspan="2" |ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ '''စᥣᥐ''' 1:15 '''ᥖᥧᥤ''' 2:00 ဖᥪ
| rowspan="2" |If using "စᥣᥐ (jak)", there must be "ᥖᥧᥤ (tui)" to indicate time range.
|-
|ᥖᥧᥤ
|tui
|tui
|-
|ᥐᥬᥢᥨᥭ
|kiengoi
|before/ago
|
|
|-
|ᥐᥩᥨᥭ
|kougoi
|after
|
|
|}
<!--
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|In
| ᥢᥭ
| nai
|-
|Out
| ᥢᥧᥖ
| nut
|-
|Above
| ဒᥦᥖ
| daet
|-
|On
| ᥙᥧᥭ
| buai
|-
|Behind
| ᥛᥣᥢ
| man
|-
|Near
|ဒᥧᥤ
|dui
|-
|By/Beside
|ᥕᥨᥢ
|yon
|-
|Down
|ລᥣᥢ
|ran
|-
|Between
| ဒᥣᥢ
| dan
|-
|From
|စᥣᥐ/ᥟᥨᥢ
|jak/con
|-
|To
|ᥖᥧᥤ
|tui
|-
|Into
|ᥢᥭᥖᥧᥤ/ᥘᥫ
|naitui/le
|-
|Under/Beneath
|ᥢᥫᥐ
|nek
|-
|With
| ᥠᥫᥐ
| gek
|-
|Within
|ᥢᥭᥠᥫᥐ
|naigek
|-
|Before
|ဖᥪ
|goi
|-
|After
|ᥣ
|a
|-
|Across
|ဆᥩ
|shou
|-
|Of
|ᥘᥣ
|la
|}
-->
===Questions===
When a question is formed, the order of words does not change unlike Ingerish. Question words are usually added at the end of a sentence. For a question with a 'yes' or 'no' (or 'maybe') answer, the question word 'hou' is added at the end. For example, 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ᥑᥩ? ''ha'' ''zat mai hou?''<nowiki/>' literally translates to ' You eat food (yet)?'. Question words like 'what' and 'who' simply replace the noun they are referring to. For example 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥡᥩ? ''ha zat chou''<nowiki/>' literally translates to 'You eat what?'.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|Who
| ဆᥦ
| shae
|-
|When
| ᥗᥣᥛ
| tham
|-
|Where
| ᥢᥣᥐ
| nak
|-
|Which
| ᥘᥧᥐ
| luk
|-
|What
| ᥡᥩ
| chou
|-
|How much
|ᥙᥤᥐဒᥣᥖ
|pikdat
|-
|How many
|ᥙᥤᥐဒᥨᥖ
|pikdot
|-
|How
|ᥙᥣᥐ
|pak
|}
 
== Vocabulary (ᥚᥣᥖᥠᥨᥭᥝᥤᥖ) ==
The core of the Kanglapolish vocabulary is made up of native words. A significant proportion of the vocabulary, however, have words borrowed from Baiyu and, to a lesser extent, other regional languages like Neeg, Kyawal and Nakah. Surian words have also entered the Kanglapolish lexicon during the Surian occupation, but notably absent in the Kinglavian dialect.
 
The Kanglapolish government sought to eliminate and limit linguistic borrowings through political objectives aimed at eliminating foreign influences on the language. Recent words to describe modern concepts, like computer (ဆᥨᥐᥟᥣᥖᥢᥨᥖ ''shokcatnot'', meaning 'electric brain') and socialism (ᥞᥣᥐᥚᥨ-ᥛᥤᥢ ''sakpomin'', roughly meaning 'welfare movement'), are derived from existing vocabulary or extensions of meanings of certain words.
====Numerals====
The Kanglapolish language uses base 7 for the numbering system, reflected in its banknote denominations and historical measurement systems. While the Kanglapolish government has officially adopted the new base 10 system for ease of transcations, base 7 remains prevalent in the rural areas of Kanglapo and Kinglavia.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Ingerish
! colspan="2" |Base 7
! colspan="2" |Base 10
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|0
|ᥢᥨᥛ
|nom
|ᥠᥤᥛ
|gim
|-
|1
| ᥤᥡ
| ich
|ᥤᥡ
|ich
|-
|2
| ဒᥧᥦ
| due
|ဒᥧᥦ
|due
|-
|3
| ᥞᥣᥛ
| sam
|ᥞᥣᥛ
|sam
|-
|4
| ᥐᥧᥣ
| kua
|ᥐᥧᥣ
|kua
|-
|5
| ᥧ
| u
|ဖᥬ
|fie
|-
|6
|ᥢᥩᥒ
|nong
|ᥢᥩᥒ
|nong
|-
|7
|ᥐᥤᥝ
|kiu
|ᥐᥤᥝ
|kiu
|-
|8
|ᥐᥤᥝ ᥤᥡ
|kiu ich
|ᥚᥣ
|pa
|-
|9
|ᥐᥤᥝ ဒᥧᥦ
|kiu due
|စᥬᥩ
|jiong
|-
|10
|ᥐᥤᥝ ᥞᥣᥛ
|kiu sam
|ᥞᥣ
|sa
|-
|14
|ဒᥧᥦ ᥐᥤᥝ
|due kiu
|ᥞᥣ ᥐᥧᥣ
|sa kua
|-
|20
|ဒᥧᥦ ᥐᥤᥝ ᥢᥩᥒ
|due kiu nong
|ဒᥧᥦ ᥞᥣ
|due sa
|-
|49
|ᥛᥬ
|mie
|ᥐᥧᥣ ᥞᥣ စᥬᥩ
|kua sa jiong
|-
|100 (2 mies and two)
|ဒᥧᥦ ᥛᥬ ဒᥧᥦ
|due mie due
|ᥙᥦᥐ
|baek
|-
|343
|ᥞᥨᥖ
|sot
|ᥞᥣᥛ ᥙᥦᥐ ᥐᥧᥣ ᥞᥣ ᥞᥣᥛ
|sam baek kua sa sam
|-
|2401 (24 hundreds and one)
|ဒᥩ
|dou
|ဒᥧᥦ ᥞᥣ ᥐᥧᥣ ᥙᥦᥐ ᥤᥡ
|due sa kua baek ich
|-
|10000 (4 dous, 1 sot, 1 mie and four)
|ᥐᥧᥣ ဒᥩ ᥤᥡ ᥞᥨᥖ ᥤᥡ ᥛᥬ ᥐᥧᥣ
|kua dou ich sot ich mie kua
|ᥧᥣᥢ
|wan
|}
For ordinals, the suffix 'fan' is added.
 
The spacings in Kanglapolish numerals are not standardised (i.e. kiu'ich or kiu ich are acceptable for 'eight').
 
=== Days and Months ===
Kanglapo has two calendar systems; the modern and the traditional Katayan calendar. A standard year in the traditional Katayan calendar, unlike the modern calendar, is divided into eight months (ဒᥨᥭ ''doi''), with the first day of the year beginning on the Spring Equinox in March, and every second month beginning on the summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice (which may vary by year).
{| class="wikitable"
|+Traditional Katayan calendar
!Month
!Romanisation
!Period Span (in 2024/25)
!Days
|-
|ᥡᥫᥢဒᥨᥭ
|chendoi
|'''20 March''' - 4 May
|46
|-
|ᥡᥫᥢᥐᥩဒᥨᥭ
|chenkoudoi
|5 May - 19 June
|46
|-
|ᥑᥣᥖဒᥨᥭ
|hatdoi
|'''20 June''' - 6 August
|47
|-
|ᥑᥣᥖᥐᥩဒᥨᥭ
|hatkoudoi
|7 August - 21 September
|47
|-
|ᥗᥤᥝဒᥨᥭ
|thiudoi
|'''22 September''' - 6 November
|45
|-
|ᥐᥬᥢᥖᥨᥒဒᥨᥭ
|kientongdoi
|7 November - 20 December
|45
|-
|ᥖᥨᥒဒᥨᥭ
|tongdoi
|'''21 December''' - 4 Feb
|45
|-
|ᥐᥬᥢᥡᥫᥢဒᥨᥭ
|kienchendoi
|5 Feb - 19 March
|44*
45 if it's a leap year.
|}
Since independence, Kanglapo adopted the modern calendar system. The twelve months are named after the Surian calendar months, which remain prevalent in Kanglapo. Kinglavia has also adopted the new calendar during the cultural reformations, but the name of the months are imported from Baiyu instead (which in turn called them 1st month, 2nd month etc).
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Modern calendar month names
! rowspan="2" |Ingerish
! rowspan="2" |Archaic Surian/
Old Church Surian
! colspan="2" |Kanglapo
! rowspan="2" |Baiyu
! colspan="2" |Kinglavia
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|January
|сечень ''sečenʹ''
|ᥞᥤᥐᥫᥢ
|siken
|一月 ''yī yuè''
|ᥤᥡ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|ich fan thue
|-
|February
|лютень ''ljutenʹ''
| ᥘᥤᥝᥖᥫᥢ
| liuten
|二月 ''èr yuè''
|ဒᥧᥦ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|due fan thue
|-
|March
|березозол ''berezozol''
| ᥙᥫລᥣᥒᥓᥩ
| berangzou
|三月 ''sān yuè''
|ᥞᥣᥛ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|sam fan thue
|-
|April
|цветень ''cvetenʹ''
| ᥟᥧᥫᥖᥫᥢ
| cueten
|四月 ''sì yuè''
|ᥐᥧᥣ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|kua fan thue
|-
|May
|травень ''traven′''
| ᥖᥣᥑᥧᥫᥢ
| tahuen
|五月 ''wǔ yuè''
|ဖᥬ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|fie fan thue
|-
|June
|червень ''červen′''
| ᥟᥫᥑᥧᥫᥢ
| cehuen
|六月 ''liù yuè''
|ᥢᥩᥒ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|nong fan thue
|-
|July
|липец ''lipec''
|ᥘᥤᥚᥫᥐ
|lipek
|七月 ''qī yuè''
|ᥐᥤᥝ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|kiu fan thue
|-
|August
|серпень ''serpen′''
|ᥞᥫᥚᥫᥐ
|sepek
|八月 ''bā yuè''
|ᥚᥣ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|pa fan thue
|-
|September
|роуинъ ''ruinŭ''
|ລᥥᥢᥧᥐ
|reinuk
|九月 ''jiǔ yuè''
|စᥬᥩ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|jiong fan thue
|-
|October
|листопадъ ''listopadŭ''
|ᥘᥤᥓᥣᥢᥚᥧ
|lizanpu
|十月 ''shí yuè''
|ᥞᥣ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|sa fan thue
|-
|November
|гроудьнъ ''grudĭnŭ''
|ᥐᥧᥤဒᥤᥢᥧᥐ
|kuidinuk
|十一月 ''shíyī yuè''
|ᥞᥣ ᥤᥡ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|sa ich fan thue
|-
|December
|стоуденъ ''studenŭ''
|ᥟᥧဒᥫᥢᥖᥧ
|cudentu
|十二月 ''shí'èr yuè''
|ᥞᥣ ဒᥧᥦ ဖᥣᥢ ᥗᥧᥫ
|sa due fan thue
|}
===Colours===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|Colour
|ᥧᥫᥛ
|wem
|-
|White
|ᥓᥫᥐ
|cek
|-
|Black
|ᥑᥭᥢ
|hain
|-
|Red
|ᥑᥩᥢ
|houn
|-
|Yellow
|ᥑᥧᥖ
|hut
|-
|Orange
|စᥬᥩᥢ
|jeon
|-
|Green
|ᥓᥪ
|zü
|-
|Blue
|ᥘᥣᥢ
|lan
|-
|Purple
|ᥕᥦᥢ
|yaen
|-
|Dark
|ᥑᥭᥢဒᥧᥛ
|haindum
|-
|Light
|ᥓᥫᥐᥐᥤ
|cekki
|}
 
===Directions and places===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Directions, roads and places
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
! Romanisation
|-
|North
|ᥙᥦ
|bae
|-
|South
|ᥢᥣᥢ
|nan
|-
|East
|ဒᥩᥒ
|doung
|-
|West
|ဈᥨᥭ
|zhoi
|-
|Central/centre
|ᥔᥨᥒ
|czhong
|-
|Metres
|ᥟᥭᥛ
|caim
|-
|Road
|ᥘᥧᥐ
|luk
|-
|National Road
|ᥐᥣᥒဒᥭᥘᥧᥐ
|kangdailuk
|-
|Way
|ᥗᥣᥒ
|thang
|-
|Roadway (only in Kinglavia)
|ᥗᥣᥒᥘᥧᥐ
|thangluk
|-
|Expressway
|ᥐᥦᥗᥣᥒ
|kaethang
|-
|Avenue
|ဒᥭᥘᥧᥐ
|dailuk
|-
|Lane
|ᥢᥩᥘᥧᥐ
|nouluk
|-
|Street (paved)
|ဒᥭစᥤᥢ
|daijin
|-
|Street (short)
|စᥤᥢ
|jin
|-
|Pedestrian Square
|ᥐᥧᥣᥡᥧᥛᥗᥩ
|kuachumthou
|-
|Village
|ᥚᥫᥖ
|pet
|-
|Town
|ᥙᥨ-ᥚᥫᥖ
|po'pet
|-
|City
|ᥡᥬᥩᥒ
|cheong
|-
|Capital
|ᥡᥬᥩᥒဖᥧ
|cheongfu
|-
|Province
|ᥞᥫᥢ
|sen
|-
|Bridge
|ᥑᥨᥒᥐᥬᥒ
|honkien
|-
|Cycleway
|ᥞᥦဒᥣᥚᥡᥫᥐᥘᥧᥐ
|saedapchekluk
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Physical geography and landforms
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|Island
|ᥖᥧᥣ
|tua
|-
|Mountain
|ᥐᥫᥖ
|ket
|-
|Hill
|ᥢᥩᥐᥫᥖ/ᥕᥧᥐ
|nouket/yuk
|-
|Valley
|ᥡᥪ
|chü
|-
|River
|ᥑᥨᥒ
|hon
|-
|Coast
|ᥣᥢ
|an
|-
|Bay
|ᥧᥣᥢ
|wan
|-
|Stream
|ᥢᥩᥑᥨᥢ
|nouhon
|-
|Lake
|ລᥧᥑᥨᥢᥡᥧᥛ
|ruhonchum
|-
|Forest
|ᥑᥣᥖᥓᥧ
|hatzu
|-
|Plant/Tree
|ᥑᥣᥖ
|hat
|}
 
====Kanglapo provinces====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Kanglapolish
!Ingerish
|-
|ᥘᥤဆᥛᥨᥒᥞᥫᥢ
|Lishmongsen
|-
|ᥙᥦᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
|Baesonsen
|-
|ᥟᥣᥘᥤᥢဒᥫᥢᥞᥫᥢ
|Calindensen
|-
|ᥑᥕᥤᥒᥡᥨᥭᥞᥫᥢ
|Hyingchoisen
|-
|ລᥨᥭᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
|Roisonsen
|-
|ᥢᥤລᥩᥞᥫᥢ
|Nirousen
|-
|ᥔᥨᥒᥠᥤᥒᥞᥫᥢ
|Czhonggingsen
|-
|ᥕᥧລᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
|Yuronsen
|-
|ᥕᥨᥢລᥤᥞᥐᥞᥫᥢ
|Yonrisksen
|-
|ᥤᥞᥐᥤᥒᥙᥩᥞᥫᥢ
|Iskingbousen
|-
|ᥛᥫᥘᥨᥐᥡᥣᥐᥞᥫᥢ
|Melokchaksen
|-
|ᥢᥣᥢᥞᥨᥢᥞᥫᥢ
|Nansonsen
|}
 
===Transport===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|Bus
|ᥚᥨᥑᥨᥢစᥤᥖᥡᥫᥐ
|pohonjitchek
|-
|Rail
|ᥙᥫລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
|beruchek
|-
|Metro
|ᥢᥫᥐဆᥨᥐລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
| nekshokruchek
|-
|Plane
|ᥐᥨᥢ'ᥦᥢᥡᥫᥐ
|kon'aenchek
|-
|Boat
|ລᥧᥤᥑᥨᥒᥡᥫᥐ
|ruihonchek
|-
|Tram
|ᥡᥬᥩᥒဆᥨᥐລᥧᥡᥫᥐ
|cheongshokruchek
|-
|Station
|ᥠᥧᥐ
|guk
|-
|Port
|ລᥧᥤᥠᥣᥒ
|ruigang
|-
|Airport
|ᥐᥨᥢᥠᥣᥒ
|kon'gang
|-
|Bicycle
|ᥞᥦဒᥣᥚᥡᥫᥐ
|saedapchek
|}
 
===Buildings and facilities===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Ingerish
!Kanglapolish
!Romanisation
|-
|Building
|ᥕᥨᥛᥢᥫᥢ
|yomnen
|-
|House
|ᥟᥫᥢᥫᥛ
|cenem
|-
|Apartment
|ᥡᥝᥟᥫᥢᥫᥛ
|chaocenem
|-
|Office
|ᥕᥝᥕᥨᥛ
|yaoyom
|-
|Entrance
|ᥖᥣᥐᥐᥬ
|takkie
|-
|Exit
|ᥡᥧᥐᥐᥬ
|chukkie
|-
|Gate
|ᥟᥭᥛᥣᥖ
|caimat
|-
|School
|ဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|douyom
|-
|University
|ဒᥭဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|daidouyom
|-
|Hospital
|ᥑᥤᥖᥕᥨᥛ
|hityom
|-
|Clinic
| ᥟᥦᥑᥤᥖ/ᥢᥩᥑᥤᥖ
|caehit/nouhit
|-
|Market
|ᥞᥫᥛᥭᥐ
|semaik
|-
|Police station
|ລᥭᥑᥧᥤᥠᥧᥐ
|raihuiguk
|-
|Fire station
|ᥟᥭᥟᥫᥢᥠᥧᥐ
|caicenguk
|-
|Post office
|ᥛᥦᥕᥝᥕᥨᥛ
ᥛᥦᥕᥝᥠᥧᥐ
|maeyaoyom
maeyaoguk
|-
|Library
|ᥞᥣᥢᥚᥝᥕᥨᥛ
|sanpaoyom
|-
|Bank
|ᥐᥨဆᥕᥨᥛ
|koshyom
|-
|Market
|ᥗᥣᥒᥛᥧᥤဒᥬᥢ
|thangmuidien
|-
|Field
|ဒᥬᥢᥗᥩ
|dienthou
|-
|Cementery
|ဒᥬᥢᥘᥣᥐᥨᥖ
|dienlakot (field of bones)
|-
|Restaurant
|ᥛᥭᥡᥧᥖ
|maichut
|-
|Cafe
|ဖᥩᥢᥧᥤᥡᥧᥖ
|founuichut
|-
|Stadium
|ᥡᥦᥗᥨ
|chaetho
|-
|Temple
|ဒᥤᥝᥕᥨᥛ
|diuyom
|-
|Church
|ᥕᥧᥣᥖဒᥩဒᥤᥝ
|yuatdoudiu
|-
|Museum
|ᥙᥤᥝဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|biaodouyom
|-
|Memorial Hall
|စᥤᥐᥐᥨᥢᥖᥫᥖᥕᥨᥛ
|jikkontetyom
|-
|Hall
|ᥖᥫᥖᥕᥨᥛ
|tetyom
|-
|Theatre
|ᥠᥫᥖဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|getdouyom
|-
|Cinema
|ᥠᥝဒᥩᥕᥨᥛ
|gaodouyom
|-
|Park
|ᥡᥧᥒᥕᥬᥢ
|chungyien
|-
|Garden
|ᥑᥣᥖᥕᥬᥢ
|hatyien
|-
|Statue
|ລᥨᥢᥚᥨᥚᥣᥢ
|ronpopan
|-
| Monument/Memorial
|စᥤᥐᥐᥨᥢဒᥣ
|jikkonda
|-
|Embassy
|ဒᥭᥕᥧᥒᥕᥨᥛ
|daiyongyom
|-
|Political Party
|ဖᥣᥐᥐᥣᥒဒᥣᥢ
|fakkangdan
|-
|Ministry
|ᥞᥤᥖᥐᥤᥢ
|sitkin
|}
 
==Authoritative language institutions==
The Kanglapolish language is standardised by the Kanglapolish National Institute of the Katayan Language, which issues authoritative guides and dictionaries on the use of the language. The institute also coordinates the government's projects of propagating the Katayan language and culture.
 
== Sample translation ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="33%" | Ingerish text
! width="33%" | Kanglapolish text
!Transliteration
|-
|The Socialist Republic of Kanglapo, or simply Kanglapo, is a communist state in Northern Archanta. To its west and north are the Bai Empire and Kinglavia, and to its south is Huaxia. Approximately half of the country's population resides in urban cities in the south, including the capital Nandacheongfu, Samchincheong and Czhong-cheongging. The official language of the nation is Kanglapolish, which has many regional dialects, with the Kanglapolish Kosh being its currency.
|ᥞᥣᥐᥚᥨᥛᥤᥢ ᥐᥨᥢᥐᥣᥒᥞᥣᥖ ᥘᥣ ᥐᥣᥒᥘᥣᥚᥨ, ᥑᥨᥐ ᥖᥭᥡᥤᥛ ᥐᥣᥒᥘᥣᥚᥨ, ᥞᥨᥐ ᥕᥝᥚᥨᥐᥣᥒ ᥢᥣᥖ ᥙᥦᥞᥨᥢ ᥕᥣᥖဒᥭᥐᥩᥒ. ᥖᥧᥤ ᥐᥭ ᥙᥦ ᥑᥫᥐ ဈᥨᥭ ᥙᥧᥐ ᥙᥦᥐᥗᥤᥐᥣᥒ ᥑᥫᥐ ᥐᥤᥒᥞᥣᥐᥗᥤᥐᥣᥒ, ᥑᥫᥐ ᥖᥧᥤ ᥐᥭ ᥢᥣᥢᥙᥧᥐ ᥑᥨᥣᥖᥕᥧᥤ. ဖᥧᥖᥢᥨᥖᥞᥨᥐ ဈᥤᥖ ᥘᥣ ᥐᥣᥒᥞᥣᥖ ᥓᥭᥢ ᥡᥬᥩᥒᥠᥤᥒ ᥢᥣ ᥢᥣᥢ, ລᥩᥐᥐᥨᥖ ᥡᥬᥩᥒᥞᥩဖᥧ ᥢᥣᥢဒᥣᥡᥬᥩᥒဖᥧ, ᥞᥣᥛᥡᥤᥢᥟᥠᥬᥩᥒ ᥑᥫᥐ ᥔᥨᥒᥡᥬᥩᥒᥠᥤᥒ. ဖᥧ ᥐᥣᥒᥞᥣᥖᥚᥣᥗᥣᥢ ᥞᥨᥐ ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ, ᥖᥩᥖᥨᥭ ᥞᥫᥢᥚᥝᥖ ᥚᥣᥖ'ᥑᥩᥖ, ᥠᥫᥐ ᥐᥨဆᥛᥣ ᥞᥨᥐ ᥐᥭ ᥐᥨဆဈᥦ.
|Sakpomin Konkangsat la Kanglapo, taichimdok Kanglapo, sok yaopokang nai Baeson Yatdaikoung. Tui kai bae hek zhoi sok Baekthikang hek Kingsakthikang, hek tui kai nan sok Hoatyui. Futnotsok zhit la kangsat zain cheongging nai nan, roukkot cheongsoufu Nandacheongfu, Samchincheong hek Czhongcheongging. Fu kangsatpathan sok Kangpatsa, toutoi senpaot pat'hout, gek Koshma sok kai koshzhae.
|}
==Python code for converting text to Kangpatsa==
 
* [https://lemuria.ph/kangpatsa/ Lemuria's kangpatsa transcription].
 
def kangpatsa(message):
    message = message.lower()
    translation = {"b": 'ᥙ','p': 'ᥚ','d': 'ဒ','k': 'ᥐ','g': 'ᥠ','h': 'ᥑ','ng': 'ᥒ','t': 'ᥖ','th': 'ᥗ','f': 'ဖ','l': 'ᥘ','r': 'ລ','m': 'ᥛ','n': 'ᥢ','z': 'ᥓ','zh':'ဈ' ,'czh': 'ᥔ','c': 'ᥟ','ch': 'ᥡ','s': 'ᥞ','sh': 'ဆ','j': 'စ','y':'ᥕ', 'a':'ᥣ', 'ai':'ᥭ', 'ao':'ᥝ', 'i':'ᥤ', 'ü':'ᥪ', 'ie':'ᥬ', 'io':'ᥬᥩ', 'eo':'ᥬᥩ', 'iu':'ᥤᥝ', 'e':'ᥫ', 'ei':'ᥥ', 'ae':'ᥦ', 'ou':'ᥩ', 'o':'ᥨ', 'oi':'ᥨᥭ', 'u':'ᥧ', 'ui':'ᥧᥤ', 'uai':'ᥧᥭ',"'":"-"}
    result = ""
    i = 0
    while i < len(message):
        if i < len(message) - 2 and message[i:i+3] in translation:
            result += translation[message[i:i+3]]
            i += 3
        elif i < len(message) - 1 and message[i:i+2] in translation:
            result += translation[message[i:i+2]]
            i += 2
        else:
            result += translation.get(message[i], message[i])
            i += 1
    return result

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