|
|
| (97 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Kanglapolish''' (Kanglapolish: '''ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ''' ''Kangpatsa'') is a language isolate spoken in [[Kanglapo]], where it is an official language and the language of the Katayans, the country's principal ethnic group. Beyond Kanglapo, the language is a recognised minority language in its neighbouring countries such as the [[Bai Empire]] and [[Huaxia]]. The common dialect spoken is the Nanson dialect, though other dialects are spoken in other parts of Kanglapo.
| | {{please delete|Removing wiki presence in opposition to admin wiki policies}} |
| | |
| While Kanglapolish is a language isolate, the language has seen influences from [[Wikipedia:Chinese language|Baiyu]] and plenty of Axiatic and Ardentic languages spoken in the Northern Archanta region. Modern Kanglapolish is written in Fahannok, believed to be derived from the Nakah script.
| |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consenants===
| |
| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
| |
| |'''Bilabial'''
| |
| |'''Labiodental'''
| |
| |'''Alveolar'''
| |
| |'''Palato-alveolar'''
| |
| |'''Palatal'''
| |
| |'''Velar'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Nasal'''
| |
| |m
| |
| |
| |
| |n
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Stop'''
| |
| |p pʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |t tʰ d
| |
| |ʈ
| |
| |
| |
| |k kʰ
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Affricate'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʦ ʦʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |ʨ ʨʰ
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Fricative'''
| |
| |
| |
| |f
| |
| |s z
| |
| |ʂ ʂʰ ʐ
| |
| |
| |
| |x
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Approximant'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |j
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Trill'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |r
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Lateral approximant'''
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| ====Co-articulated phonemes====
| |
| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
| |
| |'''Labial-palatal'''
| |
| |'''Labial-velar'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Approximant'''
| |
| |ɥ
| |
| |w
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |
| |
| |'''Front'''
| |
| |'''Central'''
| |
| |'''Back'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |High
| |
| |i y
| |
| |
| |
| |ɯ u uː
| |
| |-
| |
| |Near-high
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʊ
| |
| |-
| |
| |High-mid
| |
| |e eː
| |
| |
| |
| |ɤ o oː
| |
| |-
| |
| |Mid
| |
| |
| |
| |ə
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Low-mid
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |ʌ
| |
| |-
| |
| |Low
| |
| |a aː
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Script==
| |
| Kanglapolish uses the Pathannok (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢᥢᥨᥐ) script, derived from the [[Wikipedia:Burmese alphabet|Nakah script]]. Historically, Bai characters have also been used and adapted especially during periods of Bai tributary rule. Kanglapolish then was written in a mixed Bai-Pathannok script, where most lexical roots were written in Baiyu and grammatical forms in the Kanglapolish alphabet. Under Surian occupation, an attempt was made to use the Slevic script for the language; due to the difficulty in adapting the script for the language, this policy was abandoned. By the time of its independence, Baiyu characters had been phased out, and Kanglapolish only uses Fahannok to this day.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
| |
| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| |
| | colspan="25" | '''Consonants'''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Character
| |
| | ᥙ || ᥚ || ဒ || ᥐ || ᥠ || ᥑ || ᥒ || ᥖ || ᥗ
| |
| |ဖ|| ᥘ || ລ || ᥛ || ᥢ || ᥓ || ᥝ|| ᥔ || ᥟ || ᥡ || ᥞ || ဆ
| |
| |စ
| |
| |-
| |
| ![[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
| |
| | [p] || [pʰ] || [d] || [k] || [kʰ] || [x] || [ŋ] || [t] || [tʰ]
| |
| |[f]|| [l] || [ʐ] || [m] || [n] || [ts] || [ʈʂ]|| [ʨʰ] || [ʦʰ] || [ʈʂʰ] || [s] || [ʂ]
| |
| |[tɕ]
| |
| |-
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| | b || p || d || k || g || h || ng || t || th
| |
| |f|| l || r || m || n || z ||zh|| czh || c || ch || s || sh
| |
| |j
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
| |
| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
| |
| | colspan="17" |'''Vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Character
| |
| |ᥕ
| |
| |ᥣ
| |
| |ᥭ
| |
| |ᥝ
| |
| | ᥤ
| |
| | ᥪ
| |
| |ᥤᥝ
| |
| | ᥫ
| |
| |ᥥ
| |
| | ᥦ
| |
| | ᥩ
| |
| | ᥨ
| |
| |ᥨᥭ
| |
| | ᥧ
| |
| |ᥧᥭ
| |
| | ᥧᥭ / ᥬ
| |
| |-
| |
| !IPA
| |
| |[j]
| |
| |[a]
| |
| |[ai]
| |
| |[ao]
| |
| |[i]
| |
| |[y]
| |
| |[iu]
| |
| |[ʌ], [ə]
| |
| |[e]
| |
| |[e(ː)]
| |
| |[o], [ʊ]
| |
| |[ɤ]
| |
| |[oi]
| |
| |[u], [ɯ]
| |
| |[ui]
| |
| |[uai]
| |
| |-
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |y
| |
| |a
| |
| |ai
| |
| |ao
| |
| |i
| |
| |ü/yu
| |
| |iu
| |
| |e
| |
| |ei
| |
| |ae
| |
| |ou
| |
| |o
| |
| |oi
| |
| |u
| |
| |ui
| |
| |uai
| |
| |}
| |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| Kanglapolish follows the same order of words in the Ingerish language: subject-verb-object. (e.g. 'I eat rice', ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Me zat mai''). As in Ingerish, adjectives come before the nouns they describe, and adverbs are placed after the verb/adjective.
| |
| | |
| === Derivational morphology ===
| |
| Kanglapolish has prefixes on words to indicate plurals for nouns and tenses for verbs. For example, 'I ate rice' would be 'Me shizat mai' with 'shi-' to indicate the verb in the past tense. However, usually, when information like tense is clear from the context, the prefix might be omitted (e.g. 'I ate rice an hour ago', ᥕᥤᥡ ᥛᥤᥢဖᥪ ဆᥤᥠᥨᥭ, ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Ich minfü shigoi, me zat mai'').
| |
| | |
| Kanglapolish nouns are genderless but have plural/singular forms indicated by suffixes. For example, 'dog' in Kanglapolish is 'gahyaik'. In plural form, 'dogs' will be 'dotgahyaik' ('dot' meaning 'many'). However, similarly to the above, when it's clear how many items there are (with a counter/classifier), the suffix would usually be dropped (e.g. 'three dogs' would be 'sam gahyaik'). Kanglapolish does not encode definite and indefinite articles. Demonstratives are used, however, to point out a specific item.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Word class changes
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Suffixes
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → adverb'''
| |
| | -ဒᥨᥐ
| |
| | -dok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])'''
| |
| | -ဒᥧᥛ
| |
| | -dum
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])'''
| |
| | -ᥖᥨᥐ
| |
| | -tok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)'''
| |
| | -ဒᥭᥐ
| |
| | -daik
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Noun → verb'''
| |
| | -ဆᥧᥐ
| |
| | -shuk
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Verb → adjective (e.g. analytical → analysing)'''
| |
| | -ᥛᥨᥐ
| |
| | -mok
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Verb → noun'''
| |
| | -ᥞᥨᥭ
| |
| | -soi
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Tense
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Suffixes
| |
| |-
| |
| !Kanglapolish
| |
| !Romanisation
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Past'''
| |
| |ဆᥤ-
| |
| |shi-
| |
| |-
| |
| |'''Future'''
| |
| |ᥖᥣ-
| |
| |ta-
| |
| |}<!--
| |
| ===Demonstratives===
| |
| ===Negatives===
| |
| ===Pronouns===
| |
| ===Prepositions===
| |
| ===Questions===
| |
| -->
| |
