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| '''Kanglapolish''' (Kanglapolish: '''ᥐᥣᥒᥚᥣᥖᥞᥣ''' ''Kangpatsa'') is a language isolate spoken in [[Kanglapo]], where it is the official and national language. It is the language of the Katayans, which is the principal ethnic group of Kanglapo. Beyond Kanglapo, the language is a recognised minority language in its neighbouring countries such as the [[Bai Empire]] and [[Huaxia]], spoken mainly by Katayans outside of Kanglapolish borders. The common dialect spoken is the Nanson dialect, though other dialects and variants are spoken in other parts of Kanglapo.
| | {{please delete|Removing wiki presence in opposition to admin wiki policies}} |
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| While Kanglapolish is a language isolate, the language has seen influences from [[Wikipedia:Chinese language|Baiyu]] and plenty of Axiatic and Ardentic languages spoken in the Northern Archanta region. Modern Kanglapolish is written in Pathannok, believed to be derived from the Nakah script.
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| class="wikitable" | |
| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
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| |'''Bilabial'''
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| |'''Labiodental'''
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| |'''Alveolar'''
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| |'''Palato-alveolar'''
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| |'''Palatal'''
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| |'''Velar'''
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| |-
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| |'''Nasal'''
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| |m
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| |n
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| |
| |
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| |ŋ
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| |-
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| |'''Stop'''
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| |p pʰ
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| |
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| |t tʰ d
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| |ʈ
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| |k kʰ
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| |-
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| |'''Affricate'''
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| |
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| |ʦ ʦʰ
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| |ʨ ʨʰ
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| |-
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| |'''Fricative'''
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| |
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| |f
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| |s z
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| |ʂ ʂʰ ʐ
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| |x
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| |-
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| |'''Approximant'''
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| |j
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| |-
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| |'''Trill'''
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| |r
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| |-
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| |'''Lateral approximant'''
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| |l
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| |}
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| ====Co-articulated phonemes====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |'''↓ Manner/Place →'''
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| |'''Labial-velar'''
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| |-
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| |-
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| |'''Approximant'''
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| |w
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| |}
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |'''Front'''
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| |'''Central'''
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| |'''Back'''
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| |-
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| |High
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| |i y
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| |ɯ u uː
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| |-
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| |Near-high
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| |ʊ
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| |-
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| |High-mid
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| |e eː
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| |ɤ o oː
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| |-
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| |Mid
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| |ə
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| |-
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| |Low-mid
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| |ʌ
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| |-
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| |Low
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| |a aː
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| |}
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| ==Script==
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| Kanglapolish uses the Pathannok (ᥚᥣᥖᥑᥣᥢᥢᥨᥐ) script, derived from the [[Wikipedia:Burmese alphabet|Nakah script]]. Historically, Bai characters have also been used and adapted especially during periods of Bai tributary rule. Kanglapolish then was written in a mixed Bai-Pathannok script, where most lexical roots were written in Baiyu and grammatical forms in the Kanglapolish alphabet. Under Surian occupation, an attempt was made to use the Slevic script for the language; due to the difficulty in adapting the script for the language, this policy was abandoned. By the time of its independence, Baiyu characters had been phased out, and Kanglapolish only uses Fahannok to this day.
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| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;"
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| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
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| | colspan="25" | '''Consonants'''
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| |-
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| !Character
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| | ᥙ || ᥚ || ဒ || ᥐ || ᥠ || ᥑ || ᥒ || ᥖ || ᥗ
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| |ဖ|| ᥘ || ລ || ᥛ || ᥢ || ᥓ || ᥝ|| ᥔ || ᥟ || ᥡ || ᥞ || ဆ
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| |စ
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| |-
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| ![[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
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| | [p] || [pʰ] || [d] || [k] || [kʰ] || [x] || [ŋ] || [t] || [tʰ]
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| |[f]|| [l] || [ʐ] || [m] || [n] || [ts] || [ʈʂ]|| [ʨʰ] || [ʦʰ] || [ʈʂʰ] || [s] || [ʂ]
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| |[tɕ]
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| |-
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| !Romanisation
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| | b || p || d || k || g || h || ng || t || th
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| |f|| l || r || m || n || z ||zh|| czh || c || ch || s || sh
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| |j
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;" | |
| |- bgcolor="LightGrey" style="text-align:centre;"
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| | colspan="18" |'''Vowels'''
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| |-
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| !Character
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| |ᥕ
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| |ᥣ
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| |ᥭ
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| |ᥝ
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| | ᥤ
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| | ᥪ
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| |ᥬ
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| |ᥤᥝ
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| | ᥫ
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| |ᥥ
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| | ᥦ
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| | ᥩ
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| | ᥨ
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| |ᥨᥭ
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| | ᥧ
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| |ᥧᥭ
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| | ᥧᥭ
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| |-
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| !IPA
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| |[j]
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| |[a]
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| |[ai]
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| |[ao]
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| |[i]
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| |[y]
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| |[iʌ]
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| |[iu]
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| |[ʌ], [ə]
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| |[e]
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| |[e(ː)]
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| |[o], [ʊ]
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| |[ɤ]
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| |[oi]
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| |[w], [u], [ɯ]
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| |[ui]
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| |[uai]
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| |-
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| !Romanisation
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| |y
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| |a
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| |ai
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| |ao
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| |i
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| |ü/yu
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| |ie
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| |iu
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| |e
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| |ei
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| |ae
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| |ou
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| |o
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| |oi
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| |u
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| |ui
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| |uai
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| |}
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| ===Romanisation===
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| The Lomanpat'han (literally meaning 'Romanised script') is the current official romanisation system of the Kanglapolish language. The system, developed by a group of Kanglapolish linguists in the early 20th century, was based on the romanised system for Baiyu due to shared consonant and bowel sounds. In cases of ambiguity, orthographic syllable boundaries are indicated with an apostrophe or hyphens. The system was revised several times, especially simplifying the use of breves, apostrophes, hyphens and diereses, and consonant and vowel clusters.
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| ==Grammar==
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| Kanglapolish follows the same order of words in the Ingerish language: subject-verb-object. (e.g. 'I eat rice', ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Me zat mai''). As in Ingerish, adjectives come before the nouns they describe, and adverbs are placed after the verb/adjective.
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| === Derivational morphology ===
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| Kanglapolish has prefixes on words to indicate plurals for nouns and tenses for verbs. For example, 'I ate rice' would be 'Me shizat mai' with 'shi-' to indicate the verb in the past tense. However, usually, when information like tense is clear from the context, the prefix might be omitted (e.g. 'I ate rice an hour ago', ᥕᥤᥡ ᥛᥤᥢဖᥪ ဆᥤᥠᥨᥭ, ᥛᥫ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ''Ich minfü shigoi, me zat mai'').
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| Kanglapolish nouns are genderless but have plural/singular forms indicated by suffixes. For example, 'dog' in Kanglapolish is 'gahyaik'. In plural form, 'dogs' will be 'dotgahyaik' ('dot' meaning 'many'). However, similarly to the above, when it's clear how many items there are (with a counter/classifier), the suffix would usually be dropped (e.g. 'three dogs' would be 'sam gahyaik'). Kanglapolish does not encode definite and indefinite articles. Demonstratives are used, however, to point out a specific item.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! rowspan="2" |Tense
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| ! colspan="2" |Suffixes
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| |-
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| !Kanglapolish
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| !Romanisation
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| |-
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| |'''Past'''
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| |ဆᥤ-
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| |shi-
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| |-
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| |'''Future'''
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| |ᥖᥣ-
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| |ta-
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! rowspan="2" |Word class changes
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| ! colspan="2" |Suffixes
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| |-
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| !Kanglapolish
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| !Romanisation
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| |-
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| |'''Adjective → adverb'''
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| | -ဒᥨᥐ
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| | -dok
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| |-
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| |'''Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])'''
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| | -ဒᥧᥛ
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| | -dum
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| |-
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| |'''Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])'''
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| | -ᥖᥨᥐ
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| | -tok
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| |-
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| |'''Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)'''
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| | -ဒᥭᥐ
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| | -daik
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| |-
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| |'''Noun → verb'''
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| | -ဆᥧᥐ
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| | -shuk
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| |-
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| |'''Verb → adjective (e.g. analytical → analysing)'''
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| | -ᥛᥨᥐ
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| | -mok
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| |-
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| |'''Verb → noun'''
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| | -ᥞᥨᥭ
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| | -soi
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| |}
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| <!--
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| ===Negatives===
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| -->
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| ===Demonstratives===
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| The following are words to refer to or point out a person or an object.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! colspan="2" |Demonstrative
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| !Kanglapolish
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| !Romanisation
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| |-
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| | rowspan="3" |'''Near speaker'''
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| |'''This'''
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| |ᥖᥤ
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| |ti
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| |-
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| |'''Here'''
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| |ဒᥤ
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| |di
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| |-
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| |'''This way'''
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| |ᥖᥤဒᥣᥐ
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| |tidak
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| |-
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| | rowspan="3" |'''Far from speaker'''
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| |'''That'''
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| |ᥖᥣᥛ
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| |tam
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| |-
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| |'''There'''
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| |ဒᥣ
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| |da
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| |-
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| |'''That way'''
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| |ᥖᥣᥛဒᥣᥐ
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| |tamdak
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| |}
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| ===Pronouns===
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| The pronouns of Kanglapolish are as follows:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! rowspan="2" |Pronouns
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| ! colspan="2" |Singular
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| ! colspan="2" |Plural
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| |-
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| !Kanglapolish
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| !Romanisation
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| !Kanglapolish
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| !Romanisation
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| |-
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| |'''1st (I, we)'''
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| |ᥛᥫ/ᥙᥨ-ᥛᥫ
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| |me / po'me (formal)
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| |ဒᥨᥖᥛᥫ
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| |dotme
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| |-
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| |'''2nd (you)'''
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| |ᥑᥣ/ᥑᥣᥐ
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| |ha / hak (formal)
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| |ဒᥨᥖᥑᥣ/ဒᥨᥖᥙᥨᥑᥣᥐ
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| |dot'ha / dot'pohak (formal)
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| |-
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| |'''3rd (he)'''
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| |ᥐᥭ/ᥙᥨ-ᥐᥭ
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| |kai / po'kai (formal)
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| | rowspan="3" |ဒᥨᥖᥐᥦᥐ/ဒᥨ-ᥖᥙᥨ-ᥐᥦᥐ
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| | rowspan="3" |dotkaek / dot'po'kaek (formal)
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| |-
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| |'''3rd (she)'''
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| |ᥐᥣᥛ
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| |kam
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| |-
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| |'''3rd (they)'''
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| |ᥐᥦᥐ
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| |kaek
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| |}
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| Possessive forms are indicated with an additional suffix 'tae' after the pronoun. Hence 'his' would be 'kaitae'.
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| ===Prepositions===
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| ===Questions===
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| When a question is formed, the order of words does not change unlike Ingerish. Question words are usually added at the end of a sentence. For a question with a 'yes' or 'no' (or 'maybe') answer, the question word 'hou' is added at the end. For example, 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥛᥭ ᥑᥩ? ''ha'' ''zat mai hou?''<nowiki/>' literally translates to ' You eat food (yet)?'. Question words like 'what' and 'who' simply replace the noun they are referring to. For example 'ᥑᥣ ᥓᥣᥖ ᥡᥩ? ''ha zat chou''<nowiki/>' literally translates to 'You eat what?'.
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| ==Authoritative language institutions==
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| The Kanglapolish language is standardised by the Kanglapolish National Institute of the Katayan Language, which issues authoritative guides and dictionaries on the use of the language. The institute also coordinates the government's projects of propagating the Katayan language and culture.
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