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{{Infocard
== Summary ==
| name = Republic of Mallyore
Own work from https://parliamentdiagram.toolforge.org/parlitest.php
| flag = Mallyorianflag.png
== Licensing ==
| symbol =
{{Cc-by}}
| symbol_caption =
| native_name = Republika Maliorska <br> Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰻⰽⰰ Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ
| native_language = Mallyorian
| capital = Nikolovac
| population = 4,256,372
| population_year = 2022
| motto = Recte et fortiter <small>("Upright and strong")</small>
| anthem = Divna li je zemja naša
| latitude = 51.796
| longitude = 87.392
| zoom = 6
| relation = 94799
| intro = [[Mallyore]] (/ˌmælˈɪɔːɹ/, [[Mallyorian]]: ''Maliorska'' <small>([[Romantian]] script)</small>, ''Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ'' <small>(Velitic script)</small>, <small>pronounced</small> [maliˈoːrskaː]), officially the '''Republic of Mallyore''' (Mallyorian: ''Republika Maliorska/Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰻⰽⰰ Ⱞⰰⰾⰻⱁⱃⱄⰽⰰ'') is a unitary parliamentary republic located in central [[Uletha]]. It is bordered by [[Zalivnia]] to the west, [[Suria]] to the southwest and [[Escadia]] to the south and east. It also shares a maritime border with [[Drabantia]] to the north on the [[Egalian Lake]]. The country covers a total area of 41,268 km<sup>2</sup> and roughly it can be divided on northern coastal lowlands and southern mountainous area.<ref>"Maliorski geografski atlas" by National Mallyorian Geographic Society, 1972</ref> The population is over 4.2 million and comprises mostly ethnic Mallyorians, out of which 1.1 million live in the largest city and capital [[Nikolovac]]. The only official language is [[Mallyorian]].
 
The first Mallyorian state, the Principality of Črešnja, emerged in the late 8th century. Maroje the Great (Mallyorian: ''Maroje Veliki'') became the first king in 894, elevating Mallyore to the status of a kingdom. The kingdom entered the [[wikipedia:Real_union|real union]] with Escadia as a consequence of queen Helen the Beautiful (Mallyorian: ''Jelena Lipa'') marrying Escadian king Vyndenira I in 1153. In the 14th century, as the politically weaker constituent of the Union, Mallyore lost all of its political sovereignty. Although it did not have any political power, Mallyorian area had been the most developed part of the country and Mallyorians had played the important role in history of the Union. Semi-autonomous Duchy of Mallyore was reestablished by the Act of Varvent in 1799 and full independency was regained in 1918.
 
After the Blue Revolution, caused by the Great Famine of 1942-43 and global war turmoil, the government was taken over by authoritarian socialist leader Želimir Boravica who had been ruling for next 30 years. The period in 70s and early 80s when democracy and free market were reintegrated is called the Mallyorian Restoration (''Maliorska obnova''). Today, Mallyore is classified as a high-income advanced economy and ranks very high on the development indices. It is a founding member of the [[Egalian Union]], the leading cooperative organization in the region.
}} 
 
==Etymology==
The origin of the name ''Maliorska'' is still unclear. The most popular theory says it is a combination of words ''mali'' ("little") and ''oral'' ("eagle") with [[Slevic]] possessive adjective suffix ''-ska/sko''.<ref>"Teoretika maliorskega imena" by Institut za povist, 1949</ref> This theory is based on a fact that eagle was a common emblem in medieval Mallyorian state.<ref>"Maliorska i eskadska heraldika u srednjemu viku" by Josip Rešetin, 1988</ref> [[Ingerish]] word ''Mallyore'' comes from Escadian name ''Mäljoria'' and it is in usage since late 19th century. The country is in older Ingerish documents inscribed as Mallyoria or Maliorland.
 
==History ==
{{Infobox history
| name = Mallyore
| era_A = Early history
| era_A_dates =
| event_A1 = Lower Egalian culture
| dates_A1 = c. 800 BC
| event_A2 = Višeslavović dynasty
| dates_A2 = 861
| event_A3 = Kingdom of Mallyore
| dates_A3 = 894
| event_A4 =
| dates_A4 =
| era_B = Union with Escadia
| era_B_dates = 1153-1918
| event_B1 = Sibinj Charter
| dates_B1 = 1153
| event_B2 = Edict of Toleration
| dates_B2 = 1611
| event_B3 = Duchy of Mallyore
| dates_B3 = 1799
| event_B4 =
| dates_B4 =
| era_C = Contemporary times
| era_C_dates =
| event_C1 = Independence
| dates_C1 = 12 June 1918
| event_C2 = Blue Revolution
| dates_C2 = 1942-1943
| event_C3 = Modern Republic
| dates_C3 = 1973
| event_C4 = Egalian Union foundation
| dates_C4 = 1982
}}
[[File:Plutej iz Sv. Nediljice.jpg|link=link=Special:FilePath/Plutej.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|350x350px|Typical Mallyorian relief from 9th century]]
=== Early ages===
 
The area known as Mallyore today was inhabited throughout the prehistoric period. Fossils dating to the middle Palaeolithic period have been unearthed in northeastern Mallyore, with the most famous and the best presented site near Banovci. Remnants of several Neolithic and Aeneolithic cultures were found in all regions of the country. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory of Mallyore is Grabovac, dating from the [[Lower Egalian culture]] of the early Iron Age, around 800 BC.<ref>"Razvoj grabovačke kulture" by Snižana Korić and Branko Maat, 1966</ref>
 
The ethnogenesis of Mallyorians is uncertain, and there are several competing theories. It is postulated that the Slevic groups who would form Mallyore migrated to these areas in the second half of the 3rd century AD, together with other Egalian Slevic tribes. Pagan Slevic sites have been found in the northwestern parts of the country.
[[File:Oton Ivekovic, Dolazak Hrvata na Jadran.jpg|link=link=Special:FilePath/Mallyerearrival.jpg|alt=|thumb|The Coming of Mallyorians by Emanuel Didović]]
In late 8th century, the Christization of the area by Pretannic and other West Ulethan missionaries began. However, the transition from paganism was a long and tough process which lasted for almost three centuries.<ref>"Povist kršćanstva u Maliorana", 1.dio, by Juban Oršić, 1997</ref> The first organized written language was Old Church Mallyorian, used mainly by first priests.  
 
=== Principality of Črešnja===
According to the ''De Administrando Regno'' written by Pretannic scholar [[Cepheus]] in 9th century, the first Mallyorian state was organized during late 8th century in Črešnja valley, on the northern border of present-day Mallyore and Escadia.<ref>"Državni kontinuitet i maliorsko državno pravo" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1974</ref> Duke Domagoj enlarged territory to river Banava on south and established [[Sibinj]], the capital of Principality of Črešnja. In early 9th century, Držislav I and Časlav defeated Zalivnians and Escadians, extending Mallyorian power. Višeslav overthrowed Časlav's son Mutimir in 861, founding the [[Višeslavović dynasty]].<ref>"Višeslavovići, od 861. do 1152." by Igor Rambanija, 2009</ref>   
 
[[File:Paul I Šubić of Bribir.JPG|thumb|left|170px|Depiction of king Držislav III on the Chest of Saint Luke]]
===Kingdom and the Great Union===
By the end of 9th century, [[Hrvoje the Great|Maroje the Great]] (Mallyorian: ''Maroje Veliki'') controlled the area between Udesa and Banuj rivers. He proclaimed himself as a king of the Kingdom of Mallyore in 894, supported and recognized by West Ulethan church authorities. During his rule, the state reached a peak in terms of both area and population.<ref>"Demografija sridnjovikovnega Maliorskega Kraljevstva" by Utiha Banović, 1991</ref><ref>"Život Maroja Velikega" by Jona Babić-Diklo, 1999</ref> Dmitar Krešimir succesfully opposed Egalian raids, but rising Escadian power threatened his reign. In the Banuvian Wars, the Kingdom of Escadia gained fertile lands in the north. Prior to mid-12th century, Mallyorian kings controlled a territory similar to present-day Mallyore. The Kingdom was often trembled by uprisings and rebellions, resulting in frequent Surian and Escadian attacks.
 
When king Držislav III died under doubtful circumstances, his wife Helen the Beautiful (Mallyorian: ''Jelena Lipa)'' married Escadian king Vyndenira I to save kingdom from Surian invasion. The Union was confirmed by Sibinj Charter (Mallyorian: ''Sibinjska poveja'') in 1153.<ref>"Sibinjska poveja i njezin uticaj na povist Maliorana - kako ujosmo u Uniju s Eskadskom" by Zigmund Jadris, 1977</ref> Although Jelena Lijepa arranged the real union, Escadian kings often misinterpreted the deal after her death. In the beginning, the influence of Mallyorian nobility was strong and they enjoyed extensive rights, mainly through autonomus Mallyorian parliament Sabornik. The rivalry between Mallyorian and Escadian noble houses was intense, causing occasional crises.<ref>"Halubinski i Ožegovački ustanci" by Leopold Gortan, 1958</ref> Several peasant uprisings enfeebled the House of Zrinski, the most powerful Mallyorian noble house, leading to a decline of Mallyorian importance in the Union. By the end of the 14th century, the Kingdom of Mallyore lost all formal autonomy and was split between Escadian counties.<ref>"Teritorijalna i politička dezintegracija maliorskih zemâlj u 14. stoliću" by Dominik Vangić, 1988</ref>
 
During First Escadian-Surian War (1536-1549), most of the Mallyorian territory was occupied by Surian troopes. After defeating Surians in the Battle of Zalomin, Mallyorian noble Matija Glavinić helped to end the siege of [[Rilg]]. Consequently, the Mallyorian nobility regained some power and land, but Mallyore remained unequal in the Union.
[[File:Battle of Krbava Field.jpg|thumb|right|Battle of Zalomin in 1545]]
 
In the second half of the 16th century, the territory of Mallyore saw an economic and cultural prosperity. Today, this period is known as the Mallyorian Renaissance: many artists, writers and architects created their famous works, leaving valuable heritage. Trade across [[Egalian Lake]] flourished, and some Mallyorian merchants sailed all to the Mediterranean and Pretannic Sea.<ref>"Pomorstvo i trgovina u sridnjovikovnoj Maliorskoj" by Ivan Hanžetić, 2003</ref><ref>"Kamo plovjahu maliorski trgovci?" on mirnaplovidba.mo</ref> [[Nikolovac]] grew into the second largest city of the Union and most important commerce hub, while [[Skroj]], under Mallyorian control since Escadian-Surian wars, was a crucial port on the Egalian Lake for the Surian Empire. The waves of famine and plague in 1591 and 1616, respectively, slowed down the growth, but Mallyorian area remained one of the most developed parts of the country.
 
At the threshold of 17th century, the church reformation movements found a stronghold in city of Skroj and Pobanavje region, especially in Banavski Brod. Escadian government strongly opposed local Ballatian movement and fought the protestants. The situation escalated in 1603, when army massacred 900 people in Banavski Brod.<ref>"Krvavi početci crkvene reforme u Pobanavlju" by Branka Stambolić, Maliorski povisnik, 1995</ref> The oppression ceased in 1611 with Mrkop Edict of Toleration (Mallyorian: ''Mrkopski edikt toleranciji'') which guaranteed limited freedom to other religions.<ref>"Temeji religijskega liberalizma u modernoj povisti" by Maša Fazanski-Nestorić, Pravni institut Franjo Kulak, 1976</ref>
 
With the administrative reform in 1640, the Mallyorian lands were united in one region (Escadian: ''krai'', Mallyorian: ''županija''). Two years later, the attempt to create separate Mallyorian parliament ended with public hanging of organizers in Nikolovac.<ref>"Osvrt na Devetolipanjska višanja" by Zolte Miričić on povisniportal.mo, 14th July 2015</ref> Absolute authority of Vaalmo IV suppressed efforts to modernize the country and give more rights to the ethnic minorities like Mallyorians and Banuvians. Policies of intensive Escadization and centralization restrained a pursuit for freedom.
 
In 1676, many coastal cities and towns stood against new ship tax which caused momentous Rastušje uprising. Subsequently, Escadian government imposed an embargo on all ports in the County of Mallyore and redirected trade routes to Banuvian part of Egalian coast, mainly to [[Varvent]]. Important commerce hubs like Nikolovac, Svetivan and Skroj were heavily affected, creating extensive economical consequences. Many people emigrated to Varvent and Rilg, or started to smuggle.<ref>"Poslidice Rastuškega ustanka" in "Maliorski otpor u Uniji krozan stolića" by Pjerino Pakaj, 1957</ref> The ban was withdrawn only seven years later.
 
The 18th century was an era of stability and progress. The Escadian-Mallyorian Kingdom<ref group="note">Official name of the realm in period 1153-1799 was Kingdom of Escadia and Mallyore, often shortened as Escadian-Mallyorian Kingdom or just Escadia</ref>, also known as the Great Union expanded to the east, increasing Escadian domination and influence in the wider region. Although Mallyorian lands did not have much political power, the position of Mallyorian cities, merchants and nobles improved. Taami the Great (1714-1750) maintained strong army and powerful bureaucracy under his control. His son Vaasemaa of Otena accepted intellectual and philosophical ideas from Western Uletha, opening many schools and universities which were promoting science, literature and art.<ref>''Escadian royal families'', Luke Daame, 1966</ref> Serfdom was completely banned in 1749, just before his death.<ref>"Uticaj ukidanja kmetstva u Uniji na društveno-povisna zbivanja" by Renko Zlaam, 1940</ref>
 
In 1788, Mallyorian, Escadian and Drabantian scholars and intellectuals conceived ''Encyclopædia Egallica'', the first general encyclopedia in Central Uletha, which helped in collecting common knowledge and popularization of science.<ref>''Encyclopædia Egallica'', Mallyorian State Archive</ref><ref>"200 lît Egalske enciklopedije" by Mallyorian History Institute, 1988</ref> 
         
[[File:Estatua de Tomislav de Croacia, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 02.JPG|thumb|230px|left|During the National Revival, many statues of national heroes were risen]]
===Duchy of Mallyore ===
After the death of king Vyndenira XIV in 1796, the Union was quivered by the wars of succession.<ref>"Povisna zbivanja krajen 18. stolića" by Zorana Babiš-Urličić, 2003</ref><ref>"Historijat eskadskega plemstva, 2. dio" by Grozdan Aameta, 1988/89</ref> Mallyorian and Drabantian nobility took a chance and imposed the Act of Varvent, enacted on 5 May 1799. Disunited Escadian nobles ceded Northern Banuvia region to Drabantia and autonomous duchies of Mallyore and [[Banuvia]] were established. Consecutively, duchies recognized Valdemaa I as a monarch of Escadian-Mallyorian-Banuvian Kingdom, also known as the Second Union.
 
The agitation in the Union encouraged Zalivnia, backed up by the Surian Empire, to overtake the land around bordering Udesa river. This area with substantial Zalivnian minority dating from Early Medieval Period was crucial for inland trade with the rest of the world via port of Skroj. Burdened with internal affairs, Escadian government did not provide adequate defence, leading to the Zalivnian occupation of the most of Udesa river valley in late 1801. By 1803, newly-established Mallyorian Home Guard pulled off Zalivnian troops from Promin area, but could not achieve the same elsewhere. Languid Escadian government offered a truce to Zalivnia, which led to peace treaty in 1807. As a result, the Duchy of Mallyore lost important port of Skroj, as well as the land around towns of Maliorski Brod and Smričac, leaving sizable Mallyorian minority outside the homeland.
 
The Parliament of the Duchy of Mallyore, Sabornik, was restored soon after the Act of Varvent, chaired by elected Duke of Mallyorian Lands. The Duchy had autonomous finances, judiciary, trade policies, administration, educational system and police. Military and foreign affairs were shared with Escadian and Banuvian part of Monarchy, as well as a part of common finances.<ref>"Povist Maliorske od Varventskega akta do neovisnosti" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1976</ref>
[[File:Archivo Nacional, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-13, DD 01.JPG|thumb|330x330px|Building of Matica Maliorska, one of the leading scientific institutions in the country]]
The creation of the Duchy sparked off the National Revival movement (Mallyorian: ''Maliorski narodni preporod'') in the first half of the 19th century. Many libraries and cultural institutions as the Mallyorian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Mallyorian: ''Maliorska akademija znanosti i umitnosti'') and Matica maliorska were opened.<ref>gradnikolovac.mo/povist/znacajnegradevine</ref> Mallyorian language was standardized as a counterweight to Escadian, along with promotion of national literature and culture. Numerous newspapers and books were published, boosting national spirit and education. 
 
Along with cultural impulse, the Duchy faced rapid industrialization and urbanization.<ref>"Razvoj industrije u Drugoj Uniji" by Renko Zlaam, 1937</ref> Nikolovac and Banavski Brod experienced population boom, causing housing shortages. Infrastructure developed swiftly, as a dense network of rails and roads was built. Autonomous trade deals and liberalization accelerated Mallyorian economy, raising the gap with the rest of the Kingdom.<ref>Ekonomska raščlamba eskadskega, maliorskega i banuvskega dila monarhije" by Ivica Zorov-Matečić, 2004</ref> In the end of 19th century, social inequality was in rise which led to mass protests and demonstrations, often encouraged by central Escadian government. Mallyorian Parliament demanded higher autonomy and lower payment to the royal treasury. In 1904, the government of the Duchy of Mallyore fought for better status, but it was not granted for Duchy of Banuvia, as central government considered it as an integral part of Escadia.<ref>"Banuvsko pitanje - nekad i danas" by Petar Fijuk, 2011</ref> Nine years later, the governments of two duchies tried to run independence referendums, but the organizers were arrested and Banuvian Parliament was dissolved. Finally, boosted with international support and political crisis in Escadia, Mallyorian government held a new referendum in 1918, with vast majority of 94% voting for independence.<ref>"Analiza rezultât referenduma za neovisnost 1918. po kotarih" by Mallyorian History Institute, 1999</ref> The first president Jakša Franković proclaimed sovereign Republic of Mallyore on 12 June 1918.
 
===Early independence and the Great War===
[[File:Prihod nemških čet v Zagreb.jpg|thumb|330px|right|Boravica's troops entering Nikolovac in October 1943]]
Although 1920s brought economical growth, political turbulences in neighbouring countries contributed to feeling of instability and fragility. Right-wing government openly endorsed Banuvian independence movement and opposed communist forces in Escadia. The peak of tension was the Eight-Day War in 1929 (Mallyorian: ''Osmodnevni rat''), suspended by international forces. Since then, Mallyore kept closed borders and paused diplomatic relations with Escadian communist regime.<ref>"Eskadski civilni rat - pogled s maliorske strane" by Juraj Dobrinić, 1935</ref><ref>"Krhka demokracija dvadesetih" by Lorena Bogojubek, 2014</ref>
 
Rising worldwide discord in early 1930s did not affect Egalian region in the beginning.<ref>"Tridesete u Egaliji" by Karlo Potočar, 2001</ref> Howbeit, the global economic recession caused by the Great War conduced to the election of far-right populist government and rising nostalgia about lost territories, especially lands in Zalivnia where noticeable Mallyorian minority was still living. The situation was particularly uneasy in Udesa river valley where local conflicts started to pop up on the both sides of the border.<ref>"Uzroci i poslidice sukoba u Poudešju" by Luka Reštar, 1994</ref> The situation escalated into open combat in September 1938 when protests of Mallyorian population in Skroj resulted in 12 casualties. By the end of the year, Mallyorian troops occupated the lands lost in Udesa Wars of 1800s, maintaining status quo in the following years. 
 
The disastrous drought striked whole region in 1942 and 1943, causing additional turmoil and mass demonstrations against the government. Želimir Boravica, one of the generals of the army, turned his unit against the government and started the Blue Revolution. This coup d'état was later connected with the communist government of Escadia.<ref>"Iskra eskadskega komunizma i njen uticaj na Egaliju" by Antun Zineski, 1980</ref><ref>"Plava revolucija - dobro osmišjen plan?" by Krešimir Fabijanić, 2018</ref>  Boravica assembled workers and middle class promising the end of the war, better social situation, food, free housing and new jobs. In late 1943, he set up a 'temporary socialist regime' which lasted more than 30 years. 
 
In 1945, the international community reacted to end the Mallyorian-Zalivnian conflict by forceful establishing of two zones in the occupated area, under direct responsibility of the [[AN]]. Zone A, consisting of city of Skroj and surrounding area, was ceded to Zalivnia in 1951, while Zone B, comprising upper Udesa valley, became a part of Mallyorian state once again. Gradually through 1950s, the authoritarian socialist regimes of Egalia had been improving the relations, leading to the enhancement of minority rights.<ref>"Zatopjenje odnosa u regiji pedesetih" by Ernst Kašin in Vojak i pišak, 1961</ref> 
 
===Socrealism and modern history===
The era of Boravica's authoritarian rule was called socrealism, regarding his famous statement: '<nowiki/>''Socialism is our only reality and we must defend it under any circumstances.'''<ref>"Antologija socrealizma" by Matija Jubić and Vedran Baturek, Naša povist, 2005</ref><ref>"Socialist movements in Central Uletha" by Anthony Bears, 1999</ref> By the end of decade, all political parties were banned, privately owned companies and estates were nationalized and the economy was based on planned market socialism, closely related to Escadia and Suria.
 
After the April Resolution in 1954, Boravica detached from Escadian and Surian government, introducing workers' self-management (Mallyorian: ''radničko samoupravjanje''), which created better economic conditions than in other socialist states.<ref>"Poslidice Travanjske rezolucije na Maliorsku" by Matko Zlarinac, 2011</ref> In the era of socrealism, Mallyore went through new wave of industrialization and urbanization, resulting in centralization of all functions in Nikolovac and neglecting other parts of the country. Between 1944 and 1975 Nikolovac's population grew 89%, while whole country had a growth rate of 18%.<ref>"Demografska povist Maliorske u 20. stoliću" by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref> Nonetheless, Boravica's government faced weaker economic growth than countries with free market and democracy, generating dissatisfaction and illegal emigration. [[File:19860503370NR Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg Ernst-Thälmann-Park.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Residential blocks from socrealism era, Nikolovac]]
 
The political climate was repressive during the 1950s, including numerous show trials and hundreds of thousands of political prisoners, but became more open and tolerant after the April Resolution. The Liberalization March in 1962 was brutally stopped with several casualties.<ref>"Sićanje na Marš liberalizacije" by Branka Stambolić, Maliorski povisnik, 1998</ref> In 1973, after Boravica's unexpected death, economic and political difficulties started to mount and the government began to crumble. Several left-wing parties won the first democratic election after 1940 and started implementing social democracy. The financial crisis and lack of political leadership in mid-1970s contributed to instability and short-term governments. 1977 parliamentary election brought conservative-liberal majority to power, implementing free market program with liberalization and deregulation. Mallyorian economy started to grow rapidly again in early 1980s, catching up the developed countries. The period of transition from socrealism to free market and democracy is called the Mallyorian Restoration.<ref>"Pozitivne i negativne stvari Maliorske obnove - vridilo li je?" on povisniatlas.mo</ref>
 
In 1982, Mallyore was one of the founding nations of [[Egalian Union]], a political and economic organization uniting countries from the region.<ref>ebc.eg/foundation</ref>
 
By the end of century, emigration rates had dropped and economic growth had caused a wave of immigration, primarily from Escadia.<ref>"Migracije u razdoblju 1975.-2010." by Željko Stanković, 2014</ref> Today, Mallyore is a high-income advanced economy with very high development indices, a high standard of living, performing favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of a market economy with a comprehensive social security system.
 
==Geography==
{{Infobox geography
| name = Mallyore
| continent = Uletha
| region = Egalia
| population = 4,256,372
| population_year = 2022
| area_km2 = 41,266.70
| area_sq_mi = 15,933.16
| percent_water =
| density_km2 = 103.14
| density_sq_mi = 267.14
| custom_label1 = Ethnic groups
| custom1 = Mallyorian (86.2%) Escadian (5.1%) Zalivnian (3.4%) other (5.3%)<ref>Popis stanovništva 2013., Mallyorian Statistic Bureau</ref>
| custom_label2 = Calling code
| custom2 = +044
| time_zone = WUT +6 (no DST)
}}
Mallyore is located in the geographical region of central Uletha, lying mostly between latitudes 50° and 53° N, and longitudes 86° and 90° E. To the west, it borders Zalivnia, delimited by river Udesa. To the north, Egalian Lake forms natural border with Drabantia, while river Črešnja marks border with northern Escadian region of Banuvia. The eastern part of outline bordering Escadia ends in Southern Mountains, which also make border with Surian constituent Republic of Bardash to the south. The territory covers 41,266 km<sup>2</sup> (15,933 mi<sup>2</sup>), excluding Egalian Lake area.
 
Three physical features dominate Mallyore: the Egalian Lake and its lowlands; the Central Valleys of major rivers such as Banava, Rumina, Udesa and Črešnja, where the vast majority of people lives; and the remote mountainous areas, dominating in the south. Elevation ranges from the shores of the Egalian Lake lying at 112 metres (367 ft), to the Southern Mountains with the highest peak Velika Madra at 2,480 metres (8,136 ft). 
 
[[File:Tschengla Panorama.jpg|left|thumb|530px|Southern Mountains make a natural barrier with Escadia and Suria]]
===Climate===
 
Northern Mallyore and Central Valleys have temperate climate that has been described in various sources as humid continental (Köppen ''Dfb''). Southern mountainous regions have more severe climate with colder winter and more precipitation (Köppen ''Dfc).''
 
Mallyore has four pronounced seasons of near-equal length. Winter starts in mid-December and lasts until mid-March. Winters have average temperatures of −8 °C (18 °F) and are characterized by stable snow cover, bright sunshine, and short days. Severe spells of winter weather with cold winds, extreme temperatures of around −30 °C (−22 °F) and heavy snowfalls are common. Summer starts in June and lasts until August. Summers are usually warm and sunny, with cool evenings and nights. Summers have average temperatures of around 20 °C (68 °F), with extremes of 37 °C (99 °F). Spring and autumn bring fairly mild weather.
 
The lowest temperature of −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) was recorded on 29 January 1962 in Mrkop, and the highest temperature of 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) was recorded on 11 August 2012 in Svetivan. The average annual precipitation varies from 600 mm (24 in) in lowlands to 1,400 mm (55 in) mountains.
 
===Environment===
 
The environment on the north and the south of the country somewhat varies. In a typical northern, coastal landscape, a mosaic of forested hills alternates with fields, farmsteads, and pastures. Densely populated valleys are consisted of urban areas and valuable arable land. The south is sparsely populated, with vast intact forests covering
mountains.
 
Mallyore has high proportion of land covered by forests, accounting for 52% of total land area.
 
===Biodiversity===
==Politics==
[[File:Entrance to the Austrian Parliament (2).jpg|thumb|350x350px|Inside the main building of Government of Mallyore]]
The Republic of Mallyore is a unitary state using a parliamentary system of governance since 1918, with interruptions during socrealist period.<ref>"Od 1918. do danas - politika i politikantstvo" by Lorena Bogojubek, 2012</ref> The head of state is the president, who is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and has an important integrative role. The president of the Republic is chiefly representative role, but also plays as a commander-in-chief of the national military forces.<ref>uredpridsidnika.mo/ulogeizadace</ref>
 
A unicameral parliament Sabornik, whose tradition dates from medieval period, holds legislative power. The number of MPs varies between 150 and 160, with 157 of them earning their place in March 2020 parliamentary election to serve four-year term. The executive and administrative authority is held by the {{Node|113906349|Government of Mallyore}} (Mallyorian: ''Vlada Republike Maliorske''), headed by the Prime Minister and the council of ministers or cabinet. It is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies.
 
For a long time after restoring democracy, the two largest political parties in Mallyore were center-right Mallyorian Democratic Party (Mallyorian: ''Maliorska demokratska stranka'', MDS), and left-wing Social-Democratic Union (Mallyorian: ''Socijaldemokratska unija'', SDU). In the last decade, smaller non-traditional, third way parties have experienced a surge, namely environmentalist Green Option (Mallyorian: ''Zelena opcija'') and laissez-faire party Focus (Mallyorian: ''Fokus''), as well as several populist and regional parties.
[[File:Austrian Parliament Building statues 01.jpg|left|thumb|500x500px|The statue decoration on the roof of the Constitutional Court]]
 
===Law and judiciary system===
The Republic of Mallyore has a civil law legal system in which law arises primarily from written statutes, with judges serving merely as implementers and not creators of law. Its development was largely influenced by West Ulethan legal systems. The law is divided into two principal areas, private and public law. Mallyorian legislation is fully harmonized with the legislation of other Egalian Union members. The  main law in the country is the current constitution originating in 1974.<ref>Ustav Republike Maliorske, ustav.mo</ref>
 
The main national courts are the Constitutional Court, which oversees violations of the Constitution, and the Supreme Court, which is the highest court of appeal. There are also administrative, commercial, county and municipal courts. {{Node|167134626|State's Attorney Office}} (Mallyorian: ''Ured državnega odvitnika'') is the judicial body constituted of public prosecutors empowered to instigate prosecution of perpetrators of offences.
 
Law enforcement agencies are organised under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior which consist primarily of the national police force. National security service is the Security and Intelligence Agency (Mallyorian: ''Sigurnosno-obavištajna agencija'', SOA).
 
===Foreign relations===
Mallyore has established diplomatic relations with most of the world countries. It maintains a dense network of embassies, consulates and permanent diplomatic missions abroad. In distant and smaller countries, Mallyore is often represented through the Egalian Union Delegation system which substitutes individual member embassies.
 
The country is well integrated in all important international organizations, it is a member state of [[Assembly of Nations]] since its foundation and a founding member of Egalian Union.
 
Historically, Mallyore was always closely related with Escadia, but it also maintained a web of trustworthy allies in West Uletha. Since the creation of the Egalian Union, ties have been strenghtened with other members, chiefly Zalivnia and Drabantia through various intergovernmental infrastructural and scientific projects. A complete freedom of movement and trade between member states has been introduced in 1994, helping the integration in the region.
 
===Military===
The {{Node|167153064|Mallyorian Armed Forces}} (Mallyorian: ''Oružane snage Republike Maliorske'', OSRM) consist of the Air Force, Army, and Navy. The OSRM is headed by the General Staff, which reports to the Defence Minister, who in turn reports to the President. According to the constitution, in case of immediate threat during wartime, the President issues orders directly to the General Staff.
 
Compulsory conscription was abolished in 1988. Prior to that year, military service was obligatory for men at age 18 with conscripts serving six-month tours of duty, reduced in 1976 from the earlier scheme of nine-month conscription tours during socrealist regime. Today, the country maintains around 20,000 active personnel and 3,000 voluntary conscripts.
 
===Administrative divisions===
Mallyore is divided into 9 counties (Mallyorian: ''županije'') and capital city of Nikolovac, having a status of both a city and a county. The counties subdivide into 82 municipalities.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Counties of Mallyore <small>(2020 Census by Mallyorian Bureau of Statistics)</small><ref>Popis 2020., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref>
! rowspan="2" |County
! rowspan="2" |Seat
! rowspan="2" |Number of municipalities
! colspan="2" class="unsortable" | Land area
! rowspan="2" |Population
! colspan="2" class="unsortable" | Population density
! rowspan="2" |GDP PPP per capita <small>in $</small>
! rowspan="2" | As % of
national average
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |km²
! scope="col" |mi²
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |km²
! scope="col" | mi²
|-
|'''{{relation|111276|Banavski Brod}}'''
|{{node|104105361|Banavski Brod}}
|11
|5,168.5
|1,995.6
|520,803
|100.8
|261.0
|34,507
|81
|-
|'''{{relation|114183|Banovci}}'''
|{{node|102322526|Banovci}}
|5
|1,176.3
|454.2
|165,241
|140.5
|363.8
|43,231
|101
|-
|'''{{relation|114185|City of Nikolovac}}'''
|{{node|103503416|Nikolovac}}
|8
|810.6
|313.0
|1,340,747
|1,654.0
|4283.5
|67,852
|159
|-
|'''{{relation|111273|Križan-Podbrig}}'''
|{{node|104349284|Križan}}
|7
| 6,733.7
|2,599.9
|277,912
|41.3
| 106.9
|26,783
|63
|-
|'''{{relation|253758|Mrkop-Pogorje}}'''
|{{node|114866213|Mrkop}}
|5
|9,539.9
|3,683.4
|106,588
|11.2
|28.9
|25,011
|59
|-
|'''{{relation|253865|Poudešje-Kostanjica}}'''
|{{node|102406447|Promin}}
|8
|5,083.0
|1,962.6
|396,442
|78.0
|202.0
|29,364
|69
|-
|'''{{relation|111270|Rakovje}}'''
|{{node|104349283|Rakovac}}
|6
|1,293.2
|499.3
| 154,170
|119.2
|308.8
|38,299
|90
|-
|'''{{relation|253866|Svetivan}}'''
|{{node|104349472|Svetivan}}
| 6
|4,411.0
|1,703.1
|326,855
|74.1
| 191.9
|28,703
|67
|-
|'''{{relation|111271|Sibinj-Rumina}}'''
|{{node|104105360|Sibinj}}
|18
|4,869.0
| 1,879.9
|717,932
|147.4
|381.9
|31,554
|74
|-
|'''{{relation|111277|Tvrdalj}}'''
|{{node|110414408|Tvrdalj na Banavi}}
|8
|2,181.5
|842.3
|234,676
|107.6
|278.6
|33,602
|79
|-
|}
==Economy==
{{Infobox economy
| name = Mallyore
| economy_type = high-income market-oriented economy
| currency = las (MLS)
| monetary_authority = Mallyorian National Bank
| gdp_ppp_year = 2022
| gdp_ppp_total = $183.66 billion {{increase}}
| gdp_ppp_per_capita = $43,150 {{increase}}
| gdp_nominal_year = 2022
| gdp_nominal_total = $133.54 billion {{increase}}
| gdp_nominal_per_capita = $31.374 {{increase}}
| hdi = 0.884
| hdi_year = 2021
| unemployment = 3.6% (January 2022)
| main_exports = machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, food products
| main_imports = raw materials and fuels, machinery components, food products, chemicals
| sector_bars = {{bar percent|tertiary|blue|67.5}}{{bar percent|secondary|green|30.4}}{{bar percent|primary|red|2.1}}
| custom_label1 = GDP growth rate
| custom1 = 3.2% Q4 2021
| custom_label2 = Inflation rate
| custom2 = 1.8%
}}
[[File:Old factory.jpg|left|thumb|350x350px|Rapid industrialization of Mallyore began in early 19th century|alt=|left]]
 
Mallyore consistently ranks high in terms of GDP per capita, due to its highly industrialized economy, and well-developed social market economy.<ref> ''The Comparison of Central Ulethan Economies'', George Powson, 2015</ref> Until the 1980s, many of Mallyore's largest industry firms were nationalized; in recent years, however, privatization has reduced state holdings. A balanced budget, low public debt, flat-rate income tax, free trade regime, competitive commercial banking sector, innovative e-services are hallmarks of Mallyorian market economy.
 
The economy of Mallyore is open and export-oriented, making it strongly influenced by the conditions of its exporting partners' economies. Escadia has historically been the main trading partner of Mallyore, making it vulnerable to rapid changes in the Escadian economy.<ref>"Analiza uticaja eskadskega gospodarstva na maliorsko" by Nikolovac Economic Heritage Institute, 2017</ref> Since Mallyore became a member state of the Egalian Union, it has gained closer ties to other E8 economies, reducing its economic dependence on Escadia. [[Suria]], [[Pretany]] and West Ulethan economies also play an important role in international trade. In 2018, Mallyorian exports were valued at 177.8 billion MLS with 169.6 billion MLS worth of imports.<ref>Trgovinska bilanca u 2018., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref>
 
In 2021 GDP (PPP) was $175.59 billion or $41,326 per capita. Real GDP growth in 2021 was 4.4%.<ref>Godišnji statistički bilten 2019., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref> The average net salary of a Mallyorian worker in December 2021 was 9,804 MLS per month, and the average gross salary was 13,709 MLS per month. As of January 2022, registered unemployment rate in Mallyore was 3.6%.<ref>Anketna stopa nezaposlenosti, sičanjsko izvišće 2021., Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref>
 
The economic output is dominated by the tertiary (service) sector which accounted for 67.5% of GDP, followed by the secondary (industrial) with 30.4% and primary (agriculture) sector accounting for 2.1% of GDP. In December 2019, Mallyore had 2,249,511 registered workers, while national public debt was 31.3% of national GDP.<ref>Osnovni statistički podatci, Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref> 
 
[[File:European Central Bank (74165559).jpeg|thumb|389x389px|left|Nikolovac Stock Exchange Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Mallyore|alt=]]
===Finance and banking ===
Comprising almost 40% of national GDP, Nikolovac region is the main economic center of the country and one of the leading in the region. Several West Ulethan ccmpanies have their regional hub placed in Nikolovac, contributing to the high capital flow and trade. Nikolovac Stock Exchange is one of the oldest in Central Uletha, dating back to 17th century.
 
The largest banks are Bank of Nikolovac (Mallyorian: ''Nikolovačka banka''), represented throughout Ulethan continent, followed by Commercial Bank (Mallyorian: ''Komercijalna banka''), VPB and state-owned Mallyorian National Bank (MNB). A lot of international banks operate in Mallyore, chiefly from other Central and West Ulethan countries. Mallyorian banking sector is highly developed and still increasing.<ref>"Porast financijskega sektora u poslidnjih 20 lît" by Tihomir Staničić, 2013</ref> National currency, Mallyorian las (MLS) is very stable, especially after 2010s economic crisis. In many sectors, Surian atyln, Escadian crown and Pretanic pauddle are also present.<ref>"Kojim valutama se najviše trguje na maliorskim burzama?" on financijskapismenost.mo by Zorica Didinko</ref>
 
===Energy===
The most of energy consumption, production and transmission is controlled by national company MEP. National production of energy sources covers nearly 70% of national demand, while the rest is imported. Mallyore partially relies on imported natural gas and oil, notably from Suria. Small nautral gas reserves in northeastern plains are mostly exploited today, but potential offshore exploration in Egalian Lake is being debated recently.
 
In 2021, 53% of energy consumption was coming from non-renewable resources, mainly fossil fuels. The government's target is to make a half of energy consumption coming from renewable resources by 2025. Since 1990s, Mallyore is largely encouraging wind and solar power, now becoming one of world leaders in production of renewable energy. In 2018, 28.9% of electricity was generated by water, 10.2% by wind and 1.3% by solar power.
 
===Transportation ===
The motorway network in Mallyore is well-developed and built mostly in last 30 years. By the end of 2019, Mallyore had completed more than 850 kilometres of highways (''autoceste'') and expressways (''brze ceste'') following various national and Pan-Egalian corridors.<ref>2019 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Mallyore (''in Ingerish'')</ref> The busiest highways are the A1, connecting Rakovac and Zalivnian border via Nikolovac and Skroj, and the A4, connecting Nikolovac and Rilg in Escadia, passing near Banavski Brod. A widespread network of state roads acts as motorway feeder line while connecting all major settlements in the country.<ref>"Rentabilnost i održivost maliorskih autocêst", Građevinski institut Maliorske, 2011</ref>
 
[[File:Zagreb Airport Terminal 20170506205714.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of King Krešimir Airport, Nikolovac]]
Mallyore has extensive rail network and one of the densest in the world.<ref>''The Rails and Railways of the World'', Marc LeGrange, 1991</ref> Almost the half of tracks are electrified and more than a third of them are double or multiple-line tracks.<ref>mzpp.mo/ozejeznicami</ref> Mallyorian Railways (Mallyorian: ''Maliorske žejeznice'') is the main railway operator, with about 60 million passengers carried every year. The first higher-speed rail routes connecting Nikolovac with Sibinj and Banavski Brod have been introduced in 2008, with trains reaching the speed of 230 km/h (143 mph). In collaboration with Zalivnian government, Nikolovac and Svetivan are connected with major Zalivnian cities of Skroj and [[Ulinje]] by higher-speed railway since 2013. 
 
King Krešimir Airport in Nikolovac is the main and largest airport in the country. In 2020, it handled 13.1 million passengers with routes connecting Nikolovac with all major Ulethan destinations.<ref>"Kralj Krešimir priša magično čislo od 13 mijûn putnîk" on maliorskaavijacija.mo</ref> Banavski Brod Airport saw a significant rise of low-cost and charter flights in recent years, reaching a number of 1 million passengers for the first time in 2018. Other international airports include Promin Airport and Svetivan Airport, respectively.
 
The Port of Nikolovac is major cargo and passenger port on the Egalian Lake. It is an important waterway connection for both Mallyore and Escadia with international ship traffic via Ina river. The Port of Svetivan is the second largest lake port, valuable for western part of country.<ref>"Maliorske luke na pragu 21. stolića" by Zoran Ječak, 1999</ref>
 
===Tourism===
[[File:20180109 Vienna State Opera at blue hour 850 9387.jpg|left|thumb|350x350px|Outstanding Neoclassical architecture of Nikolovac attracts millions of international tourists every year]]
Mallyore offers tourists a wide variety of natural and cultural amenities. More than 9.4 million tourists visited Mallyore in 2019<ref>Turistički dolasci i noćenja u 2019, Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref>, and the most attractive destination is the capital of Nikolovac with famous Gothic cathedral from 13th century, large and well-preserved medieval town on the hill and 19th-century city center. A lot of cultural amenities, museums, galleries and venues can be found in the New Town (Mallyorian: ''Nova varoš'') neighbourhood, built across Rumina river mostly in Neoclassical style. The Nikolovac Castle and Baroque Lower Town (Mallyorian: ''Donja strana'') neighbourhood are popular sights as well. 
 
Mallyore is also famous for many other historic cities, castles and fortresses from different historical epoques, namely Matošćan Castle and Djević Castle.<ref>"Dvorci i tvrđave Maliorske", Matija Kadies, 1996</ref> Large historical centers can be found in Nikolovac, Banavski Brod, Sibinj, Rakovac, Svetivan, Promin and Križan.
[[File:Nacionalni Park Krka (Krka National Park) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Well-preserved nature of Duboševka National Park gathers many tourists in summer months]]
 
The whole country is rich with thermal and mineral springs with many spas, giving it a nickname 'The Land Of Thousand Springs'.<ref>Godišnji bilten Maliorske turističke zajednice, 2018</ref> Some of famous spa towns are Šarlinske Toplice, Vrutci and Stupičke Toplice near Nikolovac. They also usually offer congress and gambling tourism; Mallyore is one of the countries with the highest percentage of casinos per 1,000 inhabitants in Uletha.<ref>"Problem kockanja u Maliorskoj - uzroci i rišenja" by Dijana Tomčić-Makin, 2017</ref> The {{Node|156964654|Grand Casino Koehl}} in Nikolovac is the most popular and oldest casino in the region.<ref>grandcasinokoehl.mo/povist</ref>
 
One of Mallyore's main tourist attractions are the Southern Mountains, especially the Risak and Glavina mountains. They feature many rare plant and animal species and offer numerous skiing, hiking and mountaineering opportunities.<ref>"Ča vidit i radit na Risku i Glavini" on upoznajmodomovinu.mo by Ilona Bariček, 2018</ref> Rivers and streams in the mountains of southern Mallyore are often used for rafting and other white-water based activities and sports.
 
Many medieval and traditional folklore festivals take a place in various cities and villages. The Svetivan Summer Festival is famous for a weapon dance called Maroška. Autumns of Stoška (Mallyorian: ''Stoške jeseni'') and Dances of Rakovac (Mallyorian: ''Rakovački plesovi'') attract many domestic and international tourists as well. The Ortholic shrine of Božanovci gathers many pilgrims from the country and region.
 
The Entrio Festival is one of the world's most renowned electronic music festivals held every year in Sibinj.<ref>entrio.com/about</ref> Other acclaimed music festival include three-week rock festival in Kastilac and Musicinno Fest in Banavski Brod.
 
In 2019, the number of international visitors exceeded 7 million, most of them arriving from Escadia (28%), Suria (26%), Pretany (14%), Zalivnia (9%) and Drabantia (8%).<ref>Turistički dolasci i noćenja u 2019., Mallyorian Statistic Bureau</ref>
 
==Demographics==
{{Infobox demography
| name = Mallyore
| demonym = Mallyorian
| official_languages = Mallyorian
| minority_languages = Escadian, Zalivnian
| ethnicity_bars = {{bar percent|Mallyorians|blue|86.2}}{{bar percent|Escadians|purple|5.1}}{{bar percent|Zalivnians|red|3.4}}{{bar percent|Banuvians|orange|2.2}}{{bar percent|Bardash|gold|0.8}}{{bar percent|Surians|green|0.5}}{{bar percent|other|grey|1.8}}
| ethnicity_plain =
| religion_bars = {{bar percent|Ortholic|yellow|70.1}}{{bar percent|Reformed|violet|8.4}}{{bar percent|Ekelan|red|3.9}}{{bar percent|Other|green|0.6}}{{bar percent|Irreligious|black|12.1}}{{bar percent|Undeclared|gray|4.9}}
| religion_plain =
| literacy = 99.8%
| life_expectancy = 79.52 {{increase}}
| custom_label1 =
| custom1 =
| custom_label2 =
| custom2 =
}}
According to 2020 census, Mallyore had a population of 4,241,366. Estimated population for January 2022 is 4,256,372 and the annual growth in the same year was 0.34%. With 118 inhabitants per square kilometer (34.0/sq mi), Mallyore ranks average among the Ulethan countries in population density. The most densely populated are Nikolovac and Banavski Brod metro areas.
 
The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2018 was estimated at 1.59 children born/woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and one of the lower in the world. The life expectancy in 2019 was estimated at 79.52 years (76.23 years male, 82.62 years female).
 
In 2020, the main ethnic group were Mallyorians (86.4%). Escadians are the largest ethnic minority (5.1%). Other notable ethnic groups include Zalivnians (3.4%), Banuvians (2.2%), Bardash people (0.8%) and Surians (0.5%).
{| class="wikitable"
|+Historical population by census
!Year
!Population
!±%
!Year
! Population
!±%
!Year
!Population
!±%
!Year
!Population
!±%
|-
|'''1864'''
|1,587,233
| -0,3%
|'''1910'''
| 2,147,006
| +9,5%
|'''1950'''
|3,183,241
| +4,9%
|'''1990'''
|4,078,435
| +3,2%
|-
|'''1880'''
|1,668,042
| +5,1%
|'''1920'''
|2,456,465
| +14,4%
|'''1960'''
|3,616,238
| +13,6%
|'''2000'''
|4,155,762
| +1,9%
|-
|'''1890'''
|1,787,891
| +7,2%
|'''1930'''
|2,750,382
| +12,0%
|'''1970'''
|3,872,449
| +7,1%
|'''2010'''
|4,181,569
| +0,6%
|-
|'''1900'''
|1,961,049
| +9,7%
|'''1940'''
|3,033,784
|  +10,3%
|'''1980'''
|3,950,325
|  +2,0%
|'''2020'''
|4,241,366
| +1,4%
|}
 
===Religion===
 
As a secular state, Mallyore has no official religion. Freedom of religion is a right defined by the Constitution which also defines all religious communities as equal in front of the law and separated from the state.
 
According to the 2013 census, 70.1% of Mallyorians identify as a member of Ortholic Church. 12.1% of the population describes themselves as irreligious and 4.9% decided not to respond.
 
In poll taken in 2010 less than two thirds of respondents (62%) stated that they believe in a God. 21% of them answered that they believe in some sort of spirit or life force and 17% said they don't believe in any sort of spirit, God or life force.<ref>"U koga i ča Maliorani viruju?" on nikolovackivisnik.mo, 2010</ref> A poll taken in 2014 showed that only 12% of Mallyorians aged 19-35 attend church regularly.<ref>"Ankete i upitnici o viroispovisti i religiji" by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau, 2014</ref>
 
=== Languages===
 
The only official language of Mallyore is Mallyorian, the first language for 4.9 million people worldwide and 92% inhabitants of the country.<ref>"Maliorski geografski atlas" by National Mallyorian Geographic Society, 1972</ref> Modern Mallyorian is a South [[Slevic]] language which developed from Proto-Slevic and Old Mallyorian language through years. It has been standardized during 19th century in the period of the National Revival.
 
Mallyorian language is an example of synchronic digraphia; both Romantian and autochthonous Velitic script are formally used. Although authorities recognized Romantian script as preferred in public administration, due to historical reasons and importance, Velitic script kept co-official status. The law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means, leaving the choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.). A survey from 2015 showed that 61% of Mallyorians favour the Romantian alphabet, 18% favour the Velitic one and 21% have no preference.<ref>"Romanica ili velitica - budućnost ili prošlost?" by Tončica Znaor in ''Jutarnje novine'', 19th October 2015</ref>
 
Minority languages such as Escadian and Zalivnian hold co-official status in the settlements in which the size of the minority population meets the legal threshold of 20% in two consecutive censuses.
 
The deaf community uses the Mallyorian Sign Language.<ref>maliorskodrustvogluhih.mo/o-nama</ref>
 
Mallyorian language became equal with Escadian in the Duchy of Mallyore by the Act of Varvent in 1799. Sixty years later, Sabornik (the Parliament) proclaimed Mallyorian as the only official language on the territory of the Duchy, while Escadian remained important in trade and administration.<ref>"Razvoj standardnog maliorskog jezika u 19. stoljeću" by Teuto Stelčić, 1978</ref> 
 
A 2017 survey revealed that 89% of Mallyorians claim certain knowledge of at least one foreign language, up from 80% in 2007.<ref>"Koliko Maliorani govoridu strane jazike?" by Ivančica Danski on zivim.mo</ref> The most popular foreign languages are Ingerish, Escadian and Surian.
 
===Education===
 
Literacy in Mallyore stands at 99.8 per cent. Primary education in Mallyore starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2004 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by gymnasiums and vocational schools. Nationwide leaving exams (Mallyorian: ''državna matura'') were introduced for secondary education students in the school year 2006–07. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Mallyorian language, mathematics, foreign language) and optional subjects. It is a prerequisite for university education.
 
[[File:Wien 02 Campus WU LC d.jpg|thumb|380px|left|The new university campus in Nikolovac]]
Attending public primary and secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher education, is free. Students only pay directly for textbooks, basic equipment, cafeteria food, student dorms and other necessities, although state also gives thousands of scholarships each year. In addition, the state pays health insurance for students. There are very few private schools in the country.
 
Education in Mallyore has a long history, with the first university being University of Banavski Brod, founded in 1396. Largest and the oldest continuously operating Mallyorian university is University of Nikolovac, founded in 1529.
 
=== Health===
 
Healthcare in Mallyore is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.<ref>zdravstvo.gov.mo/o-ministarstvu</ref> Health insurance is compulsory. Healthcare is delivered to all citizens and residents by mixed public and private system and public, university and semi-private hospitals. In 2019, Mallyore spent 8.9% of its GDP on healthcare. Mallyore ranks high in the world in life expectancy with 76.2 years for men and 82.6 years for women, and it had a low infant mortality rate of 2.3 per 1,000 live births.<ref>gov.mo/proracun-2019</ref><ref>"Smrtnost dojenčadi u 2019." by Mallyorian Statistics Bureau</ref>
 
==Culture==
 
Because of its geographical position, Mallyore represents a blend of different cultural spheres. It has been a cross-roads of influences from Western culture and the East. The National Revival movement was the most significant period of national cultural history, as the 19th century proved crucial to the emancipation of the Mallyorian language and saw unprecedented developments in all fields of art and culture, giving rise to a number of historical figures.<ref>"Značaj Maliorskega narodnega preporoda u današnjimi okvirimi" by Dragojub Bakčić, 1981</ref> [[File:NYC Public Library Research Room Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Inside the National and University Library]]
 
The Ministry of Culture is tasked with preserving the nation's cultural and natural heritage and overseeing its development. The [[Ulethan Heritage Site]] List includes nine sites in Mallyore.<ref>uhs.org/members/mallyore</ref>
 
Mallyore is categorised as having established a very high level of human development in the Human Development Index, with a high degree of equality in HDI achievements between women and men. Recognition of same-sex unions in Mallyore has gradually improved over the past decades, culminating in registered civil unions in May 2012, granting same-sex couples equal inheritance rights, tax deductions and limited adoption rights.<ref>ilgbtq.org/2018-data</ref>
 
=== Arts and literature===
 
Architecture in Mallyore reflects influences of bordering nations, especially from Escadia and Suria. Large squares named after culture heroes, well-groomed parks, and pedestrian-only zones, are features of these orderly towns and cities, especially where large scale Baroque urban planning took place, for instance in Nikolovac, Banavski Brod and Sibinj. Subsequent influence of the Art Nouveau was reflected in contemporary architecture.<ref>"Urbana arhitektura Sridišnje Ulete" by Zdenko Zdilar, 1999</ref>
[[File:Ivan Gundulic crop.jpg|link=link=Special:FilePath/Ivangametic.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|313x313px|Ivan Gametić, a prominent Baroque poet]]
Besides the architecture encompassing the oldest artworks in Mallyore, there is a long history of artists in Mallyore reaching to the Middle Ages. The 19th and the 20th centuries brought about affirmation of numerous Mallyorian artisans, helped by several patrons of the arts such as bishop Josip Juraj Leizenger. Mallyorian artists of the period achieving worldwide renown were Hrvoje Hratković and Jurica Meštrović.
 
The Svetivan tablet, a stone inscribed with the Velitic alphabet found in Svetivan monastery and dated to 1047, is considered to be the oldest surviving prose in Mallyorian language.<ref>"Pismenost u Maliorân, 1.dio" by Nenad Faar, Znanje, 1992</ref> The beginning of more vigorous development of Mallyorian literature is marked by the Renaissance and Marko Maretić. Besides him, Renaissance playwright Maroje Knežić, Baroque poet Ivan Gametić, Mallyorian national revival poet Ivan Žuranić, novelist, playwright and poet Vatroslav Bogut, children's writer Ivana Velić-Baronić, writer and journalist Marijana Žlezna, poet and writer Gustav Gorjanić,  expressionist and realist writer Miroslav Lange, poet Tin Vidanović and novelist Denis Domjanić are often cited as the greatest figures in Mallyorian literature.<ref>"Velikani maliorske književnosti" on citamoknjigu.mo</ref>
 
===Music and theatre===
 
Mallyore has made many contributions to the fields of folk, popular and classical music. Mallyorian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Mallyorian music.<ref>"Narodna glazba kroz vikove" by Rastislav Majurek, 1981</ref> Mallyore has renowned composers of contemporary classical music, Fran Lajc, Josip Dežman, Viktor Heredy and Milko Bijaković among them. One of the greatest Mallyorian composers, Franjo Šulek, was also among the most significant musicians of the 19th century. His music was invigorated by the themes, modes and rhythmic patterns of the national folk music.<ref>"Atlas maliorskih velikân" by Mallyorian History Institute</ref>
 
During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music. Harmony singing is a deep rooted tradition in Mallyore, and is at least three-part singing (four voices).<ref>"Maliorsko višeglasno pivanje od 12. stolića do danas" by Jubica Derenčik, 1978</ref> The Mallyorian Philharmonics, founded in 1714 as part of the University of Nikolovac, is among the oldest such institutions in the world.<ref>malphilharm.mo/onama</ref> The struggle against escadization during the National Revival movement brought important music pieces, including the first national opera Poj u boj za narod svoj in 1822 and the national anthem Divna li je zemja naša, according to Pavao Krunić's 1809 poem. The early 20th century emerged Impressionism and unique Mallyorian Jazz. The most popular music genres in the 21th century are pop, rock, dance and rap.<ref>"Ča se sluša u Banavskemu Brodu" on banavski.mo by Ivana Znaić, 2018</ref>
 
The theatre appeared in Mallyorian lands in the late Middle Ages.<ref>"Povist kazališća i glume" by Anamari Dešić, 1992</ref> In the 19th century, the theatre played an important role in the National Revival and later, in the 20th century it became a part of the modern Ulethan theatre art. The Mallyorian National Theatre and National Opera and Ballet House in Nikolovac are the most important theatre venues in the country. Today, street theatre and puppetry are very popular forms, especially among the younger population.<ref>"Uzlet lutkarskega i uličnega kazališća" by Gorjan Amaćin, Kazališni vinac, April 2014</ref>
 
=== Media===
 
The freedom of the press and the freedom of the speech are guaranteed by the Constitution. MRT (Mallyorian Radiotelevision, Mallyorian: ''Maliorska radiotelevizija'') is national public broadcasting company. The most watched main news program is TVM24, followed by EGT and Viva. The best-selling daily national newspapers are Dnevni, Jutarnje novine and Nikolovački visnik founded in 1895.
 
The tradition of Mallyorian cinematography started in 1897 when Miran Vojčić was successful in creating one of the first cameras in the world. Mallyorian cinema developed rapidly after the independence in 1918. Since then, Mallyore has produced numerous directors, film producers, cartoonists and actors that achieved fame in the country and world.<ref>"Napriduje li maliorska kinematografija?" on svitdanas.mo by Ida Bilančić</ref>
 
Mallyore has also emerged as a hub for video game developers in Uletha, with the country now being home to dozens of studios. Among the most successful ones are nDixis and MIt Games. Today, the most globally successful Mallyorian games include ''Light Warrior'', ''The Fury Drive'', ''Checkpoint: Maze'' and others.
===Cuisine===
===Sports===
==See also==
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Mallyore| ]]
<references group="note" />

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