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My country is Kaarti, in East Uletha. https://opengeofiction.net/relation/439
Kaartian
Diacritics
|
|
◌́ acute
|
◌̀ grave
|
◌̂ circumflex
|
| no umlaut
|
long vowel
|
unusual vowel
|
long unusual vowel
|
| ◌̤ umlaut
|
long umlauted vowel
|
unusual umlauted vowel
|
long unusual umlauted vowel
|
The two alphabets of Kaartian
There are two alphabets in Kaartian. The basic one ”pá̤kiriaimet” are native letters used in fully-Kaartian words and taught first in schools. The advanced alphabet comes in handy when writing mathematics, using loanwords or transcribing names – it is common practice to transcribe languages from other languages to Kaartian, where the basic alphabet is used as much as possible, but some letters from the advanced alphabet are useful: b, d, g, v, z, š or ž. Everything from place names to human names are transcribed, with the form in the base language often at first put in brackets.
Basic (native) alphabet, ”pá̤kiriaimet”
| Glyphs
|
Name
|
Name pronunciation
|
| A, a
|
á
|
/ɑː/
|
| E, e
|
é
|
/eː/
|
| H, h
|
há
|
/hɑː/
|
| I, i
|
í
|
/iː/
|
| K, k
|
ká
|
/kɑː/
|
| L, l
|
a̤l
|
/æl/
|
| N, n
|
a̤n
|
/æn/
|
| M, m
|
a̤m
|
/æm/
|
| Ŋ, ŋ
|
a̤ŋ
|
/æŋ/
|
| O, o
|
ó
|
/oː/
|
| P, p
|
pé
|
/peː/
|
| R, r
|
a̤r
|
/ær/
|
| S, s
|
a̤s
|
/æs/
|
| T, t
|
té
|
/teː/
|
| U, u
|
u
|
/uː/
|
| W, w
|
wé
|
/ʋeː/
|
| Ṳ, ṳ
|
ṳ́
|
/yː/
|
| A̤, a̤
|
á̤
|
/æː/
|
| O̤, o̤
|
ó̤
|
/øː/
|
Advanced alphabet, ”erikoiskiriaimet”
| Glyphs
|
Name
|
Name pronunciation
|
Notes
|
| B, b
|
bé
|
/beː/
|
common in loanwords, name transcriptions
|
| C, c
|
tsé
|
/t͡seː/
|
almost always replaced with k or s
|
| D, d
|
dé
|
/deː/
|
common in loanwords, name transcriptions
|
| F, f
|
a̤f
|
/æf/
|
almost always replaced with v
|
| G, g
|
gé
|
/ɡeː/
|
somewhat common in loanwords, name transcriptions
|
| J, j
|
î
|
/jiː/
|
usually replaced with i or î
|
| Q, q
|
kú
|
/kuː/
|
usually replaced with k or qu with kv
|
| V, v
|
vé
|
/feː/
|
common in loanwords, name transcriptions
|
| X, x
|
a̤ks
|
/æks/
|
mainly in mathematics
|
| Y, y
|
ipsilóni
|
/ˈip.si.loː.ni/
|
mainly in mathematics
|
| Z, z
|
zé
|
/zeː/
|
mainly in mathematics
|
| Š, š
|
šé
|
/ʃeː/
|
rare; mainly in name transcriptions
|
| Ž, ž
|
žé
|
/ʒeː/
|
rare; mainly in name transcriptions
|
Pronouns (not all)
| Personal pronouns
|
Demonstrative pronouns
|
| Kaartian
|
English
|
Kaartian
|
English
|
| Singular
|
Singular
|
| ma̤
|
I
|
tá̤
|
this
|
| sa̤
|
you (thou)
|
toi
|
that
|
| se (s’)
|
he/she/they
|
se (s’)
|
it/that
|
| Plural
|
Plural
|
| me
|
we
|
ná̤
|
these
|
| te
|
you (all)
|
noi
|
those
|
| ne/noi
|
they
|
ne
|
they/those
|
Be/have olla conjugation
| Indicative
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
ón
|
en ó
|
|
ma̤
|
ón ollu
|
en ó ollu
|
| sa̤
|
ót
|
et ó
|
|
sa̤
|
ót ollu
|
et ó ollu
|
| se (s’)
|
on
|
ei ó
|
|
se (s’)
|
on ollu
|
ei ó ollu
|
| me
|
ollán/ómme
|
ei olla/emme ó
|
|
me
|
ollán oltu
|
ei olla oltu/emme ó ollu
|
| te
|
ótte
|
ette ó
|
|
te
|
ótte ollét
|
ette ó ollét
|
| ne/noi
|
on
|
ei ó
|
|
ne/noi
|
on ollét
|
ei ó ollét
|
| passive
|
ollán
|
ei olla
|
|
passive
|
on oltu
|
ei ó oltu
|
| Imperfect
|
|
Plusquamperfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
olin
|
en ollu
|
|
ma̤
|
olin ollu
|
en ollu ollu
|
| sa̤
|
olit
|
et ollu
|
|
sa̤
|
olit ollu
|
et ollu ollu
|
| se (s’)
|
oli
|
ei ollu
|
|
se (s’)
|
oli ollu
|
ei ollu ollu
|
| me
|
oltín/olimme
|
ei oltu/emme ollét
|
|
me
|
oltín oltu
|
ei oltu oltu
|
| te
|
olitte
|
ette ollét
|
|
te
|
olitte ollét
|
ette ollét ollét
|
| ne/noi
|
oli
|
ei ollu
|
|
ne/noi
|
oli ollét
|
ei ollét ollét
|
| passive
|
oltín
|
ei oltu
|
|
passive
|
oli oltu
|
ei ollu oltu
|
| Conditional
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
olisin
|
en olis
|
|
ma̤
|
olisin ollu
|
en olis ollu
|
| sa̤
|
olisit
|
et olis
|
|
sa̤
|
olisit ollu
|
et olis ollu
|
| se (s’)
|
olis
|
ei olis
|
|
se (s’)
|
olis ollu
|
ei olis ollu
|
| me
|
oltaisín
|
ei oltais
|
|
me
|
oltais oltu
|
ei oltais oltu
|
| te
|
olisitte
|
ette olis
|
|
te
|
olisitte ollu
|
ette olis ollu
|
| ne/noi
|
olis
|
ei olis
|
|
ne/noi
|
olis ollu
|
ei olis ollu
|
| passive
|
olitaisín
|
ei oltais
|
|
passive
|
olis oltu
|
ei olis oltu
|
| Imperative
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
|
|
|
ma̤
|
|
|
| sa̤
|
ó
|
a̤la̤ ó
|
|
sa̤
|
|
|
| se (s’)
|
olkón*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko*
|
|
se (s’)
|
olkón ollu*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko ollu*
|
| me
|
|
|
|
me
|
|
|
| te
|
olká
|
a̤lká̤ olko
|
|
te
|
|
|
| ne/noi
|
olkót*
|
a̤lkó̤t olko*
|
|
ne/noi
|
olkót ollét*
|
a̤lkó̤t olko ollét*
|
| passive
|
olkón*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko*
|
|
passive
|
olkón oltu*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko oltu*
|
* very archaic
Do/make teha̤ conjugation
| Indicative
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
tén
|
en té
|
|
ma̤
|
ón tehnṳ
|
en ó tehnṳ
|
| sa̤
|
tét
|
et té
|
|
sa̤
|
ót tehnṳ
|
et ó tehnṳ
|
| se (s’)
|
teké
|
ei té
|
|
se (s’)
|
on tehnṳ
|
ei ó tehnṳ
|
| me
|
tehá̤n
|
ei teha̤
|
|
me
|
ollán tehtṳ
|
ei olla tehtṳ
|
| te
|
tétte
|
ette té
|
|
te
|
ótte tehnṳ
|
ette ó tehnṳ
|
| ne/noi
|
teké
|
ei té
|
|
ne/noi
|
on tehnṳ
|
ei ó tehnṳ
|
| passive
|
tehá̤n
|
ei teha̤
|
|
passive
|
on tehtṳ
|
ei ó tehtṳ
|
| Imperfect
|
|
Plusquamperfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
tein
|
en tehnṳ
|
|
ma̤
|
olin tehnṳ
|
en ollu tehnṳ
|
| sa̤
|
teit
|
et tehnṳ
|
|
sa̤
|
olit tehnṳ
|
et ollu tehnṳ
|
| se (s’)
|
teki
|
ei tehnṳ
|
|
se (s’)
|
oli tehnṳ
|
ei ollu tehnṳ
|
| me
|
tehtín
|
ei tehtṳ
|
|
me
|
oltín tehtṳ
|
ei oltu tehtṳ
|
| te
|
teitte
|
ette tehnṳ
|
|
te
|
olitte tehnṳ
|
ette ollét tehnṳ
|
| ne/noi
|
teki
|
ei tehnṳ
|
|
ne/noi
|
oli tehnṳ
|
ei ollét tehnṳ
|
| passive
|
tehtín
|
ei tehtṳ
|
|
passive
|
oli tehtṳ
|
ei oltu tehtṳ
|
| Conditional
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
tekisin
|
en tekis
|
|
ma̤
|
olisin tehnṳ
|
en olis tehnṳ
|
| sa̤
|
tekisit
|
et olis tehnṳ
|
|
sa̤
|
olisit tehnṳ
|
et olis tehnṳ
|
| se (s’)
|
tekis
|
ei tekis
|
|
se (s’)
|
olis tehnṳ
|
ei olis tehnṳ
|
| me
|
tehta̤isín
|
ei tehta̤is
|
|
me
|
oltais tehtṳ
|
ei oltais tehtṳ
|
| te
|
tekisitte
|
ette tekis
|
|
te
|
olisitte tehnṳ
|
ette olis tehnṳ
|
| ne/noi
|
tekis
|
ei tekis
|
|
ne/noi
|
olis tehnṳ
|
ei ollét tehnṳ
|
| passive
|
tehta̤isín
|
ei tehta̤is
|
|
passive
|
olis tehtṳ
|
ei oltis tehtṳ
|
| Imperative
|
| Present tense
|
|
Perfect
|
| g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
g. person
|
positive
|
negative
|
| ma̤
|
|
|
|
ma̤
|
|
|
| sa̤
|
té
|
a̤la̤ té
|
|
sa̤
|
|
|
| se (s’)
|
tehkó̤n*
|
a̤lkó̤n tehko̤*
|
|
se (s’)
|
olkón tehnṳ*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko tehnṳ*
|
| me
|
|
|
|
me
|
|
|
| te
|
tehká̤
|
a̤lká̤ tehko̤
|
|
te
|
|
|
| ne/noi
|
tehkó̤t*
|
a̤lkó̤t tehko̤*
|
|
ne/noi
|
olkót tehnṳ*
|
a̤lkó̤t olko tehnṳ*
|
| passive
|
tehta̤kó̤n*
|
a̤lkó̤n tehta̤ko̤*
|
|
passive
|
olkón tehtṳ*
|
a̤lkó̤n olko tehtṳ*
|
* very archaic