User:Bixelkoven/Sandbox/Qennesan
| Qennesan | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kloasă Kaneșeană | ||||||||||
/kloaˈsə kaneʃe̯aˈnə/ | ||||||||||
| Official in |  Qennes | |||||||||
| Also spoken in | Qennesan diaspora in  Malesoria and elsewhere | |||||||||
| Estimated number of speakers | ~3.4 million (L1) ~2.1 million (L2) | |||||||||
| Regulating body | Royal Qennesan Academy (Akademiă Roială Kaneșeană) | |||||||||
| Signed form | Royal Qennesan | |||||||||
| Recognized dialects | - Standard (Central) Qennesan (dialekțul kaneșeanî standardzî) - Upper Qennesan (dialekțul kaneșeanî anoțî) - Feredetean (dialekțul feredețean) - Terdauan (dialekțul tîrdauesk) - Malverttean (dialekțul malverttean) - Erezan (dialekțul erezean) - Old Erezan (dialekțul erezean viekî) | |||||||||
| Language family | Romantish (Southeastern, Iviran) | |||||||||
Qennesan Alphabet (Abedetă) | ||||||||||
Aa Ăă Bb Dd Ḑḑ Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Îî Kk Ll Ļļ Mm Nn Ņņ Oo Pp Rr Ss Șș Ṣṣ Tt Țț C̣c̣ Uu Vv Zz Ẓẓ | ||||||||||
Norms of linguistic structure | ||||||||||
| Common constituent word order | SVO (subject–verb–object) | |||||||||
| Modifier placement | After verbs and nouns (exceptions include certain adverbs) | |||||||||
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Qennesan is a southeastern Romantish language spoken primarily in Qennes and its surrounding areas in southern Uletha. On a national level, it is the official language of Qennes and a recognized minority language in Antharia and Niscavo. On a subnational level, it is a recognized minority language in Errez-Kambunar∈⊾ in Malesoria. Traces of Qennesan can also be found around the world, most notably in Kalkara, the Commonwealth of Central Archanta, the Federal States, Deodeca and Gobrassanya. It is a recognized unofficial language within the Association of South Ulethan Nations. It is spoken by about 3.4 million people worldwide as a first language, and an additional 2.3 million people as a second or third language, making it one of the smallest Romantish languages in the family.
History & evolution
The evolution of the Qennesan language is very complex. Linguistically, Qennesan is divided into Eganian Qennesan and Romantish Qennesan. Eganian Qennesan is the earliest form of Qennesan, originating from Eganian roots in the 3rd century AD during the Eganian colonization of the Iviran Coast, sharing similarities with Antharian and Niscavo Eganian. With most of Kenes becoming subjugated under the Eganian nation of Apokias Egane and the Antharian Kingdom, Eganian Qennesan lost ground to the opponents in the conquered lands, while the remnants of the nation ended up getting conquered by Romany creating a client state under the name Quennesh.
Romantish Qennesan has emerged in the 15th century as a Romantish language as a branch of Garlian under the influence of the Romanish invaders. Over the course of 400 years later, Qennesan with its Eganian base has seen vast influences from notably Romanish (Garlian), but also Turquese, Iviran, Franquese, Malesorian, Surian and Navennan. Despite the linguistic shift, which meant that the Qennesan language transferred language families from Uletarephian to Romantish in a very rare phenomenon, linguistics disapprove of them being one language, and rather regard them as two separate entities.
By the end of the 18th century, the language wasn't standardized and regional dialects were plentiful. Many towns and areas had their own micro-dialects, some of which persisted to the present day. Modern Qennesan was standardized in 1794 by the Royal Qennesan Academy in Arta, becoming the noble language of the archduchy. The language is characterized by words of mostly Eganian origin, grammar rules mostly influenced by Romanish (Garlian), an orthography derived from both Eganian and Romanish, and internationalisms mostly coming from Franquese. The language has a similarity index of 25/100 with Eganian Qennesan and 65/100 with the earliest examples of Romantish Qennesan.
Additionally, the Qennesan Ekelan Church uses a form of Qennesan called Darazdinian Qennesan.
Dialects
Modern Qennesan recognizes 7 active and 12 extinct dialects:
- Standard (Central) Qennesan - the standardized form of Qennesan, spoken by about 74% of Qennesan speakers. It is the only dialect that is not losing speakers.
- Upper Qennesan - originating in the province of Kaneș-Montă in eastern Qennes, it is spoken by 7% of Qennesan speakers.
- Feredetean - spoken in the province of Feredetî, mainly by ethnic Eganians. It is spoken by 3% of Qennesan speakers.
- Terdauan - spoken in the province of Tîrdau in the north of Qennes. It has significantly more Garlian influence. It is spoken by about 11% of Qennesan speakers.
- Malverttean - spoken in the city of Malvertta, influenced by Navennan. A notable feature of this dialect is the usage of digraphs such as tt, nn, ll and ss that are otherwise not present in Qennesan. Historically it was a very notable and influential dialect used by merchants in the city, however nowadays it is spoken by only 1% of Qennesan speakers.
- Erezan - spoken by about 4% of Qennesan speakers, mostly in Malesoria.
- Old Erezan - spoken by 0.1% of Qennesan speakers. It is on the verge of extinction.
Orthography and phonology
The official designated alphabet of the Qennesan language is the Abedetă. The name derives from the first three major letters of the alphabet (a, b and d). It consists of 30 letters, 20 'major' and 10 'minor' letters. The language contains one digraph, 4 additional digraphs for the Malverttean dialect and x special letters. Generally, the additional characters and letters are not added to the 30 main letters of the alphabet. The alphabet was created by Dion Iubar in 1622, modelled after the Garlian and Eganian alphabets.
| Letter | A | Ă | B | D | Ḑ | E | F | G | H | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qennesan name | a | ă | be | de | ḑe | e | ef | ge | ha | i |
| Phonetic value | /a/ | /ə/ | /b/ | /d/ | /d͡ʒʲ/ | /e/ or /ɛ/[1] |
/f/ | /g/ | /h/ or /x/ |
/i/, /ɪ/ or /j/[2] |
| Letter | Î | K | L | Ļ | M | N | Ņ | O | P | R |
| Qennesan name | î | ka | la | ļa | ma | na | ņa | o | pe | er |
| Phonetic value | /ɨ/ | /k/ | /l/ | /ʎ/ | /m/ | /n/ or /ŋ/[3] |
/ɲ/ | /o/ or /o̯/ |
/p/ | /r/ |
| Letter | S | Ș | Ṣ | T | Ț | C̣ | U | V | Z | Ẓ |
| Qennesan name | es | șe | ṣe | te | țe | c̣e | u | ve | ze | ẓe |
| Phonetic value | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /ɕ/ | /t/ | /t͡s/ | /t͡ɕ/ | /u/ | /v/ or /ʋ/ |
/z/ | /ʒ/ or /ʐ/ |
| Digraph | Dz | ii | ll[1] | nn[2] | ss[3] | tt[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qennesan name | dze | dublu i | dublu la | dublu na | dublu es | dublu te |
| Phonetic value | /d͡z/ | /i:/ | /l:/ | /n:/ | /s:/ | /ʔt/ |
| Letter | Q | W | X | Y | ɔ[4] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qennesan name | țe | ia | / | ku, kue | dublu ve | eks | ipsilon | n'țe |
| Phonetic value | /t͡s/ | /j/ | /t͡ɕ/ | /k/ or /kʋ/ |
/v/, /w/ or /u/ |
/i/ or /j/ | /ǀ/ |
Grammar
Sample translations
| Ingerish text | Qennesan text |
|---|---|
| In the heart of a bustling metropolis, amidst towering skyscrapers and neon-lit streets, a clandestine society thrived, hidden in plain sight. Within this shadowy underworld, whispers of power and intrigue echoed through the alleys, where alliances were forged and betrayals plotted. At the center of it all stood a enigmatic figure known only as "The Architect," a master manipulator whose machinations controlled the fate of the city. Caught in the crossfire of this clandestine game were two unlikely souls, bound by circumstance and driven by their own desires. As they navigated the treacherous landscape of secrets and deception, they soon realized that their destinies were inexorably intertwined, and that the key to their salvation lay buried in the darkest depths of the city's secrets. | În karțul unei metropole agitață, a-miẓlokul ṣerakluri turarî șî patrei iluminațe ku neon, o koņoță klandestîna se prosperață, askuns la aplă-țamă. Păna-în ac̣estă kațîmond skiodz, sițre ḑe poure șî intrigere au razunaț pe strapoungarei, unḑe alianțe se-au siḑuraț șî prodoṣî amenazaț.... |
Reading Qennesan on the map
| Qennesan word | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| vuoț nm | north | /vuoˈt͡s/ - Egan. vóreios |
| vuoțî adj | northern | /vuoˈt͡sɨ/ - Egan. vóreios |
| vuoț-ḑață nm | northwest | /vuoˈt͡sʔd͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Egan. vóreios + Unkn. |
| vuoț-iast nm | northeast | /vuoˈt͡sʔjastə/ - Egan. vóreios + Garl. est |
| naoț nm | south | /naoˌt͡s/ - Egan. nótos |
| naoțî adj | southern | /naoˌt͡sɨ/ - Egan. nótos |
| naoț-ḑață nm | southwest | /naoˌt͡sʔd͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Egan. nótos + Unkn. |
| naoț-iast nm | southeast | /naoˌt͡sʔjastə/ - Egan. nótos + Garl. est |
| ḑaț nm | west | /d͡ʒʲaˈt͡s/ - Unkn. |
| ḑață adj | western | /d͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Unkn. |
| iast nm | east | /jast/ - Garl. est |
| iastikă; iastă adj | eastern | /jaˈstikə/; /jastə/ - Garl. est |
| Qennesan word | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| golf nf | bay | /golf/ - Garl. golf |
| plaẓa nf | beach | /plaʐa/ - Franq. plage |
| alumiă nf | forest | /aluˈmjə/ - Unkn. |
| al nm | tree | /al/ - Unkn. |
| poiană nm | plain | /pojaˈnə/ - Livn. poljana |
| falț nf | cliff | /falt͡s/ - Franq. falaise |
| arhipelag nm | archipelago | /arhipeˈlag/ - Garl. arhipelag |
| munc̣î nm | mountain | /muˈnʲt͡ʃʲə/ - Garl. munte |
| rău nm | river | /rəu/ - Garl. râu |
| lină nm | lake | Egan. límni |
| insulă nm | island | Garl. insulă |
| peninsulă nm | peninsula | Garl. peninsulă |
| arsonă nm | peninsula | Egan. chersónisos |
| volkan nm | volcano | Franq. volcan |
| kaņon nm | canyon | /kaɲon/ - Franq. canyon |
| glaṣer nm | glacier | /glaɕeˈr/ - Franq. glacier |
| erîma nm | desert | /erɨma/ - Egan. érimos |
| vale nm | valley | Garl. vale |
| plaț nm | plateau | Garl. platou |
| delta nm | delta | Franq. delta |
| ris nm | reef | Franq. récif |
| fiord nm | fjord | Sven. fjord |
| spilă nm | cavern | Egan. spílaio |
| farînga nm | gorge | /farɨŋga/ - Egan. farángi |
| oază nm | oasis | Franq. oasis |
| estuar nm | estuary | Franq. estuaire |
| iaulă nm | estuary | /jaulə/ - Egan. ekvolí |
| mlaștină nm | marsh | /mlaʃʲtɨnə/ - Garl. mlaştină |
| lagună nm | lagoon | Naven. laguna |
| stenă nm | strait | Egan. stenó |
| vrațară nm | wetland | /vrat͡se̯arə/ - Egan. vregménos + Plev. terra |
| rezervoar nm | reservoir | Franq. réservoir |
| damîna nm | reservoir | Egan. dexamení |
| kataraktă nm | cataract; rapid | Garl. cataractă |
| kramnă nm | escarpment | Egan. krimnós |
| plaț ḑe alață nm | salt flat | /plat͡s d͡ʒʲe alaˈt͡sə/ - Garl. plat + Egan. álas |
| alikeṣ nm | salt marsh | /alikʲeˈɕ/ - Egan. alykés |
| mlaștină alață nm | salt marsh | Garl. mlaştină + Egan. álas |
| krik nm | cove | Franq. crique |
| sond nm | sound | Ing. sound |
| stepă nm | steppe | Garl. stepă |
| munc̣e submarin nm | seamount | /muˈnʲt͡ʃʲə suˌbʔmaˈrin/ - Garl. munte + Garl. submarin |
| krik nm | inlet | Franq. crique |
| poiană aluvială nm | alluvial plain | Livn. poljana + Franq. alluvial |
| piemonț nm | piedmont | Franq. piémont |
| kanal nm | channel | Garl. canal |
| polder nm | polder | Lent. polder |
| meandre nm | meander | Garl. meandre |
| karstaț nm | karst | Garl. carstică |
| perisip nm | sandbar | Garl. perisip |
| perisip nm | spit; sandspit | Garl. perisip |
| kordon ḑe amă nm | spit; sandspit | Garl. cordon + Egan. ámmos |
| pingo nm | pingo | Ing. pingo |
| koladă nm | saddle | Larc. collada |
| grotă nm | grotto | Plev. grotta |
| poiană plimîra nm | floodplain | /pojaˈnə plimɨˈrə/ - Livn. poljana + Egan. plimmýra |
| areț nm | arête | Franq. arête |
Mankîn - prazņiku prayer
This religious prayer is held before a prazņik, an annual family celebration and veneration of the family patron saint in Qennes. Prazņiku has a pagan origin before transcending into Ekelan Christicy. A prazņik is very similar to the Zalivnian slava, but retains some differences to it. There are two types of prazņik - ḑe post (during Ekelan fasting periods) and ḑe slast (outside of fasting periods). During fasting, the feast is always pescetarian, while outside of it, any food may be prepared.
The prayer itself is called mankîn. It is done before or while the guests of the celebration are arriving, and before the feast begins. It is always done by a male figure, usually the father of the family, and is continued down the family line through sons. Female members of the family always reply to the prayer. The prayer cerenomy is accompanied by a ritual bread (kolak), a smaller bread (lîturgia) with salt, garlic and a piece of meat on it (fish if during fasting), and the main candle (lumanarie or lumine). After each sentence, the main candle and the ritual bread are to be kissed, while crossing oneself.
With the exception of the first few sentences, as well as the last one, the order of each prayer is not strict and interrupting it for corrections is common. Likewise, not all of the following prayers are always mentioned. After each prayer, the rest of the guests and family members reply with kadz ku sanatac̣e ku biņe ('with respect and happiness') as well as crossing themselves, unless the prayer is directed at someone, which if true means that the target person replies the clearest or loudest. The prayer would usually include the following:
Kad pîntru zoa ḑe astîz Sănta Maikă Dumiņikă, prazņiku đe astîz [Patron saint].
- (in) I pray for this day Holy Sunday and the Feast Day of [Patron saint]
- Kadz ku sanatac̣e ku biņe
- (in) With respect and happiness
Kad pîntru șapc̣e zîļe înstamîna
- (in) I pray for the seven days of the week
- Kadz ku sanatac̣e ku biņe
- (in) With respect and happiness
Kad pîntru luņ - (order of the days depends on the day of the celebration; e.g. if the feast is held on a Wednesday, that would be first mentioned, ending with Tuesday)
Kad pîntru marț
Kad pîntru mņerkuriî
- (in) I pray for Wednesday
- ...
Kad pîntru ẓoi
- (in) I pray for Thursday
Kad pîntru viņîre
- (in) I pray for Friday
Kad pîntru sîmbîta
- (in) I pray for Saturday
Kad pîntru dumiņikă
- (in) I pray for Sunday
Kad pîntru Dumņezu
- (in) I pray for God
Kad pîntru Mumă lui
- (in) I pray for His Mother
Kad pîntru doa Sînc̣ii Marii
- (in) I pray for the two Saint Mary's
Kad pîntru Sănta Maria Mare
- (in) I pray for Saint Mary the Great (Dormition of the Mother of God)
Kad pîntru Sănta Maria Mikă
- (in) I pray for Saint Mary the Little (Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary)
Kad pîntru kesu ku baņî
- (in) I pray for a full wallet
Kad pîntru furkă pomîntului
- (in) I pray for Earth's rotation axis - (conveyed meaning for 'stability of the World')
Kad pîntru Soarie
- (in) I pray for the Sun
Kad pîntru Lună
- (in) I pray for the Moon
Kad pîntru luṣafîr
- (in) I pray for Venus - (folklore name for the brightest star in the sky)
Kad pîntru vic̣e - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the livestock and household animals
Kad pîntru gaiņe - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the poultry
Kad pîntru uoi - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the lamb/sheep
Kad pîntru vaṣ - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the cattle
Kad pîntru porṣ - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the pigs
Kad pîntru mîț
- (in) I pray for the cats
Kad pîntru kîņe
- (in) I pray for the dogs
Kad pîntru kasă
- (in) I pray for the house
Kad pîntru karu - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the car
Kad pîntru mașîne - (in rural regions)
- (in) I pray for the machinery
Kad pîntru sănatac̣e
- (in) I pray for health/luck
Kad pîntru goșc̣i și va-veņi or goșc̣ ḑe pi-lănga mase
- (in) I pray for the guests that arrive/that are present at the table
Kad pîntru kum
- (in) I pray for the godfather
Kad pîntru naș
- (in) I pray for the wife's godfather
Kad pîntru [celebrating family's surname/dynasty] - (for each family individually)
- (in) I pray for [celebrating family]
Kad pîntru [guest families' surnames/dynasty] - (for each family individually)
- (in) I pray for [guest family]
Kad pîntru [relatives' surnames/dynasty] - (for each family individually)
- (in) I pray for [relative family]
Kad pîntru [father's forename] - (if the prayer is done by the father, then this is the only prayer line that is said by someone else, usually the son or wife)
- (in) I pray for the father
Kad pîntru [mother's forename]
- (in) I pray for the mother
Kad pîntru [brother/sister's forename] - (if applicable)
- (in) I pray for the sister/brother
Kad pîntru [granfather/grandmother's forename] - (if applicable)
- (in) I pray for the grandfather/grandmother
Kad pîntru [son's forename] - (if the prayer is not done by the father, but rather by the son, then this prayer line is the only one said by someone else, usually by the father)
- (in) I pray for the son
Kad pîntru [deceased family member's forename] - (only on lunch day)
- (in) I pray for the family member
Kad pîntru [relative's forename]
- (in) I pray for [relative]
Kad pîntru [guest's forename] - (for each guest individually)
- (in) I pray for [the guest]
Kad pîntru napaste (3x)
- (in) I pray for malevolence
Kad pîntru prazņiku [Patron saint]
'Giving' prayer
On all celebrations that feature some kind of feast, like Saint days, Feast Days, birthdays, pomană, or just general family feasts that fall on any kind of holiday, a short prayer called dau ḑe srec̣e is held with the goal of 'giving' the food to both luck and for the deceased, as a way of communication with the other-worldly. It is done with the family surrounding the table with their arms by holding their hands at the edges of the table, with one person reciting the giving prayer. One half of the table is 'given' for good luck, the other for the deceased. Each has two different prayers:
For luck:
Bukac̣iļii ḑe pie mase șî bautură, kolaku, lumanarie prazņikului se fie la prazņiku [Saint]/Dumņezu, Mumă lui, Tatu lui, doa Sînc̣e Marii, patru-zeṣ-șî-patru ḑe prazniṣe, Sănta Petkă, Sîc̣i Nikolă, Sîc̣e Ioan, se fie la înẓiru noastru la toț, înẓiru [father], [mother],... . Se fie saẓuc̣e.
- (in) The dishes on the table, drinks, ritual bread, holiday candle, shall be for the holiday of [Saint]/God, His Mother, His Father, both Saint Mary's, fourty-four holidays [of the year], Saint Paraskeva, Saint Nicholas, Saint John, [they] shall be for the aura of us all, the aura of [father], of [mother],... . It shall be and it shall help.
For the deceased:
Toc̣e șî ie-pus pie mase, [listing foods one by one], viaḑare ḑi-la lampe, kaldură ḑi-la sobă, vîntu ṣe aburiaze afare, kaldură ḑi-la Soarie, se fie la [listing the deceased relatives]. Bogdaprost.
- (in) Everything that was put on the table, [listing foods one by one], the shine of the light, the warmth of the room, the wind that blows, the warmth of the Sun, shall be for [listing the deceased relatives]. Thank you (God will forgive [us]).