User:Bixelkoven/Sandbox/Qennesan

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Qennesan
Kloasă Kaneșeană
/kloaˈsə kaneʃe̯aˈnə/
Official inFlagQennes.png Qennes
Also spoken inQennesan diaspora in Malësoria flag - Timboh01.svg Malesoria and elsewhere
Estimated number of speakers~3.4 million (L1)
~2.1 million (L2)
Regulating bodyRoyal Qennesan Academy (Akademiă Roială Kaneșeană)
Signed formRoyal Qennesan
Recognized dialects- Standard (Central) Qennesan (dialekțul kaneșeanî standardzî)
- Upper Qennesan (dialekțul kaneșeanî anoțî)
- Feredetean (dialekțul feredețean)
- Terdauan (dialekțul tîrdauesk)
- Malverttean (dialekțul malverttean)
- Erezan (dialekțul erezean)
- Old Erezan (dialekțul erezean viekî)
Language familyRomantish (Southeastern, Iviran)
Qennesan Alphabet (Abedetă)
Aa Ăă Bb Dd Ḑḑ Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Îî Kk Ll Ļļ Mm Nn Ņņ Oo Pp Rr Ss Șș Ṣṣ Tt Țț C̣c̣ Uu Vv Zz Ẓẓ
Norms of linguistic structure
Common constituent word orderSVO (subject–verb–object)
Modifier placementAfter verbs and nouns (exceptions include certain adverbs)
Noun declensions
CaseGenderNumber
Verb conjugations
AspectMoodNumber
PersonTenseVoice
Adjective declensions
CaseGenderNumber

Qennesan is a southeastern Romantish language spoken primarily in Qennes and its surrounding areas in southern Uletha. On a national level, it is the official language of Qennes and a recognized minority language in Antharia and Niscavo. On a subnational level, it is a recognized minority language in Errez-Kambunar in Malesoria. Traces of Qennesan can also be found around the world, most notably in Kalkara, the Commonwealth of Central Archanta, the Federal States, Deodeca and Gobrassanya. It is a recognized unofficial language within the Association of South Ulethan Nations. It is spoken by about 3.4 million people worldwide as a first language, and an additional 2.3 million people as a second or third language, making it one of the smallest Romantish languages in the family.

History & evolution

The evolution of the Qennesan language is very complex. Linguistically, Qennesan is divided into Eganian Qennesan and Romantish Qennesan. Eganian Qennesan is the earliest form of Qennesan, originating from Eganian roots in the 3rd century AD during the Eganian colonization of the Iviran Coast, sharing similarities with Antharian and Niscavo Eganian. With most of Kenes becoming subjugated under the Eganian nation of Apokias Egane and the Antharian Kingdom, Eganian Qennesan lost ground to the opponents in the conquered lands, while the remnants of the nation ended up getting conquered by Romany creating a client state under the name Quennesh.

Romantish Qennesan has emerged in the 15th century as a Romantish language as a branch of Garlian under the influence of the Romanish invaders. Over the course of 400 years later, Qennesan with its Eganian base has seen vast influences from notably Romanish (Garlian), but also Turquese, Iviran, Franquese, Malesorian, Surian and Navennan. Despite the linguistic shift, which meant that the Qennesan language transferred language families from Uletarephian to Romantish in a very rare phenomenon, linguistics disapprove of them being one language, and rather regard them as two separate entities.

By the end of the 18th century, the language wasn't standardized and regional dialects were plentiful. Many towns and areas had their own micro-dialects, some of which persisted to the present day. Modern Qennesan was standardized in 1794 by the Royal Qennesan Academy in Arta, becoming the noble language of the archduchy. The language is characterized by words of mostly Eganian origin, grammar rules mostly influenced by Romanish (Garlian), an orthography derived from both Eganian and Romanish, and internationalisms mostly coming from Franquese. The language has a similarity index of 25/100 with Eganian Qennesan and 65/100 with the earliest examples of Romantish Qennesan.

Additionally, the Qennesan Ekelan Church uses a form of Qennesan called Darazdinian Qennesan.

Dialects

Modern Qennesan recognizes 7 active and 12 extinct dialects:

  • Standard (Central) Qennesan - the standardized form of Qennesan, spoken by about 74% of Qennesan speakers. It is the only dialect that is not losing speakers.
  • Upper Qennesan - originating in the province of Kaneș-Montă in eastern Qennes, it is spoken by 7% of Qennesan speakers.
  • Feredetean - spoken in the province of Feredetî, mainly by ethnic Eganians. It is spoken by 3% of Qennesan speakers.
  • Terdauan - spoken in the province of Tîrdau in the north of Qennes. It has significantly more Garlian influence. It is spoken by about 11% of Qennesan speakers.
  • Malverttean - spoken in the city of Malvertta, influenced by Navennan. A notable feature of this dialect is the usage of digraphs such as tt, nn, ll and ss that are otherwise not present in Qennesan. Historically it was a very notable and influential dialect used by merchants in the city, however nowadays it is spoken by only 1% of Qennesan speakers.
  • Erezan - spoken by about 4% of Qennesan speakers, mostly in Malesoria.
  • Old Erezan - spoken by 0.1% of Qennesan speakers. It is on the verge of extinction.

Orthography and phonology

The official designated alphabet of the Qennesan language is the Abedetă. The name derives from the first three major letters of the alphabet (a, b and d). It consists of 30 letters, 20 'major' and 10 'minor' letters. The language contains one digraph, 4 additional digraphs for the Malverttean dialect and x special letters. Generally, the additional characters and letters are not added to the 30 main letters of the alphabet. The alphabet was created by Dion Iubar in 1622, modelled after the Garlian and Eganian alphabets.

Qennesan alphabet
Letter A Ă B D E F G H I
Qennesan name a ă be de ḑe e ef ge ha i
Phonetic value /a/ /ə/ /b/ /d/ /d͡ʒʲ/ /e/
or /ɛ/[1]
/f/ /g/ /h/
or /x/
/i/,
/ɪ/ or /j/[2]
 
Letter Î K L Ļ M N Ņ O P R
Qennesan name î ka la ļa ma na ņa o pe er
Phonetic value /ɨ/ /k/ /l/ /ʎ/ /m/ /n/
or /ŋ/[3]
/ɲ/ /o/
or /o̯/
/p/ /r/
 
Letter S Ș T Ț U V Z
Qennesan name es șe ṣe te țe c̣e u ve ze ẓe
Phonetic value /s/ /ʃ/ /ɕ/ /t/ /t͡s/ /t͡ɕ/ /u/ /v/
or /ʋ/
/z/ /ʒ/
or /ʐ/
  1. ¹When located at the end of a word
  2. ²Only when found between two vowels, or between certain consonants and a vowel.
  3. ³Only when found before /g/ or /k/.
  4. Digraphs in Qennesan
    Digraph Dz ii ll[1] nn[2] ss[3] tt[4]
    Qennesan name dze dublu i dublu la dublu na dublu es dublu te
    Phonetic value /d͡z/ /i:/ /l:/ /n:/ /s:/ /ʔt/
    1. ¹Used in the Malverttean dialect.
    2. ²Used in the Malverttean dialect.
    3. ³Used in the Malverttean dialect.
    4. ⁴Used in the Malverttean dialect.
    5. Special and obsolete letters in Qennesan
      Letter C[1] J[2] Ci[3] Q W X Y ɔ[4]
      Qennesan name țe ia / ku, kue dublu ve eks ipsilon n'țe
      Phonetic value /t͡s/ /j/ /t͡ɕ/ /k/
      or /kʋ/
      /v/,
      /w/ or /u/
      /i/ or /j/ /ǀ/
      1. ¹Obsolete. Proposed in 1630 by Anton Buduresku.
      2. ²Obsolete. Proposed in 1842 by linguist Joseph Catherine.
      3. ³Obsolete. Not used since 1655 when it was replaced by C̣.
      4. ⁴Never used in written form. Used in digital texts only, for disagreement or disapproval.
      5. Grammar

        Sample translations

        "Steel" (Aleksandru Grigoroș, 2004)
        Ingerish text Qennesan text
        In the heart of a bustling metropolis, amidst towering skyscrapers and neon-lit streets, a clandestine society thrived, hidden in plain sight. Within this shadowy underworld, whispers of power and intrigue echoed through the alleys, where alliances were forged and betrayals plotted. At the center of it all stood a enigmatic figure known only as "The Architect," a master manipulator whose machinations controlled the fate of the city. Caught in the crossfire of this clandestine game were two unlikely souls, bound by circumstance and driven by their own desires. As they navigated the treacherous landscape of secrets and deception, they soon realized that their destinies were inexorably intertwined, and that the key to their salvation lay buried in the darkest depths of the city's secrets. În karțul unei metropole agitață, a-miẓlokul ṣerakluri turarî șî patrei iluminațe ku neon, o koņoță klandestîna se prosperață, askuns la aplă-țamă. Păna-în ac̣estă kațîmond skiodz, sițre ḑe poure șî intrigere au razunaț pe strapoungarei, unḑe alianțe se-au siḑuraț șî prodoṣî amenazaț....

        Reading Qennesan on the map

        Directions and map legend
        Qennesan wordTranslationNotes
        vuoț nmnorth/vuoˈt͡s/ - Egan. vóreios
        vuoțî adjnorthern/vuoˈt͡sɨ/ - Egan. vóreios
        vuoț-ḑață nmnorthwest/vuoˈt͡sʔd͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Egan. vóreios + Unkn.
        vuoț-iast nmnortheast/vuoˈt͡sʔjastə/ - Egan. vóreios + Garl. est
        naoț nmsouth/naoˌt͡s/ - Egan. nótos
        naoțî adjsouthern/naoˌt͡sɨ/ - Egan. nótos
        naoț-ḑață nmsouthwest/naoˌt͡sʔd͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Egan. nótos + Unkn.
        naoț-iast nmsoutheast/naoˌt͡sʔjastə/ - Egan. nótos + Garl. est
        ḑaț nmwest/d͡ʒʲaˈt͡s/ - Unkn.
        ḑață adjwestern/d͡ʒʲaˈt͡sə/ - Unkn.
        iast nmeast/jast/ - Garl. est
        iastikă; iastă adjeastern/jaˈstikə/; /jastə/ - Garl. est
        Physical geography and landforms
        Qennesan wordTranslationNotes
        golf nfbay/golf/ - Garl. golf
        plaẓa nfbeach/plaʐa/ - Franq. plage
        alumiă nfforest/aluˈmjə/ - Unkn.
        al nmtree/al/ - Unkn.
        poiană nmplain/pojaˈnə/ - Livn. poljana
        falț nfcliff/falt͡s/ - Franq. falaise
        arhipelag nmarchipelago/arhipeˈlag/ - Garl. arhipelag
        munc̣î nmmountain/muˈnʲt͡ʃʲə/ - Garl. munte
        rău nmriver/rəu/ - Garl. râu
        lină nmlakeEgan. límni
        insulă nmislandGarl. insulă
        peninsulă nmpeninsulaGarl. peninsulă
        arsonă nmpeninsulaEgan. chersónisos
        volkan nmvolcanoFranq. volcan
        kaņon nmcanyon/kaɲon/ - Franq. canyon
        glaṣer nmglacier/glaɕeˈr/ - Franq. glacier
        erîma nmdesert/erɨma/ - Egan. érimos
        vale nmvalleyGarl. vale
        plaț nmplateauGarl. platou
        delta nmdeltaFranq. delta
        ris nmreefFranq. récif
        fiord nmfjordSven. fjord
        spilă nmcavernEgan. spílaio
        farînga nmgorge/farɨŋga/ - Egan. farángi
        oază nmoasisFranq. oasis
        estuar nmestuaryFranq. estuaire
        iaulă nmestuary/jaulə/ - Egan. ekvolí
        mlaștină nmmarsh/mlaʃʲtɨnə/ - Garl. mlaştină
        lagună nmlagoonNaven. laguna
        stenă nmstraitEgan. stenó
        vrațară nmwetland/vrat͡se̯arə/ - Egan. vregménos + Plev. terra
        rezervoar nmreservoirFranq. réservoir
        damîna nmreservoirEgan. dexamení
        kataraktă nmcataract; rapidGarl. cataractă
        kramnă nmescarpmentEgan. krimnós
        plaț ḑe alață nmsalt flat/plat͡s d͡ʒʲe alaˈt͡sə/ - Garl. plat + Egan. álas
        alikeṣ nmsalt marsh/alikʲeˈɕ/ - Egan. alykés
        mlaștină alață nmsalt marshGarl. mlaştină + Egan. álas
        krik nmcoveFranq. crique
        sond nmsoundIng. sound
        stepă nmsteppeGarl. stepă
        munc̣e submarin nmseamount/muˈnʲt͡ʃʲə suˌbʔmaˈrin/ - Garl. munte + Garl. submarin
        krik nminletFranq. crique
        poiană aluvială nmalluvial plainLivn. poljana + Franq. alluvial
        piemonț nmpiedmontFranq. piémont
        kanal nmchannelGarl. canal
        polder nmpolderLent. polder
        meandre nmmeanderGarl. meandre
        karstaț nmkarstGarl. carstică
        perisip nmsandbarGarl. perisip
        perisip nmspit; sandspitGarl. perisip
        kordon ḑe amă nmspit; sandspitGarl. cordon + Egan. ámmos
        pingo nmpingoIng. pingo
        koladă nmsaddleLarc. collada
        grotă nmgrottoPlev. grotta
        poiană plimîra nmfloodplain/pojaˈnə plimɨˈrə/ - Livn. poljana + Egan. plimmýra
        areț nmarêteFranq. arête