Kara

This encyclopedia article is about the country in northeastern Uletha. You may be looking for a city of the same name.

United Republic of Kara Fjörnåde Repúblikke Kåra (Karska) Capital: Kara Motto: Fjörnåde för Dämókrati (United for Democracy) Anthem: Sjänge som än (Sing as One)

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Kara, officially known as the United Republic of Kara (Karska: Fjörnåde Repúblikke Kåra; Vezhek: Vorencka Republika Kyorja; Yumerth: Rebulið Jarala Bäðя) is a country in East Uletha. It shares a border with Älved, Boscunis, Wyster, and Ogesten.

The United Republic of Kara was established in January 1934 with the signing of the Union Treaty of Kara, which united the independent states of Karskat, Vezhekja, and Yumerd under a federal democratic republic.

Initially a 3-state federal union with a very weak federal government, Kara's states remained relatively distinct culturally and linguistically. However, increased cultural mixing and growing demands for federal infrastructure and social programs led to the drafting of the United Kara Amendment of 1978, which passed with strong support from voters of all regions. The amendment, which took effect on 1 January 1979, created a new constitution that replaced the Union Treaty as the law of the land, replacing the initial 3-member national council that ruled with the current system of a national president and a 300-member legislature. It also abolished the 3-state system, replacing it with the current 17-state federal system.

Today, Kara is a modern, highly developed country with a regulated capitalist economy focused on modern agriculture, technology, and a rapidly-growing renewable energies sector. The government provides many benefits to citizens, especially to the socioeconomically disadvantaged. The national constitution guarantees significant freedoms to individuals and protection for ethnic minority groups.

Geographically, most of the country is situated in or around the valleys of the Tebbjet and Roving Rivers or their tributaries. Both rivers' valleys and the coastline between their mouths are highly populated, with their fertile soil and temperate climate providing an environment in which agriculture has flourished. Kara, the capital city, is located at the mouth of the Tebbjet River and is the center of a chain of urban areas stretching from Täbbjetsstad to Mynnestad. Much of the north of the country is covered in semi-mountainous forests, and the extreme north has a more tundra-like climate around the southern bit of the Boscunian Alps that reaches into the country.

Geography and Climate

Kara has a mixed temperate climate. The southern coast and Tebbjet River valley are particularly temperate, while the northern states are characterized by an alpine mountain climate.

Transportation

Kara's transportation sector is dominated by road and rail transport options for both local and long-distance travel.

Roadways

Kara has a national highway system consisting of 8 interstate highways. In some sections (particularly along the metropolitan corridor along the southern coast), the highways have dedicated right-of-ways, overpasses, and high speeds; in more rural areas they function as core regional roads but are not as free- and fast-flowing as in metropolitan areas.

Rail Transport

Kara has an extensive passenger rail network, with wide-reaching regional rail lines along with 3 national moderate-high-speed train lines. Many cities and larger metropolitan areas also have light rail or subway networks, which generally share stations and fare payment systems with the national and regional rail systems.

History

Pre-Unification (before 1934)

Prior to the formation of the republic, Kara existed as three separate states: Karskat, Vezhekja, and Yumerd.

Karskat

The areas making up Karskat were once occupied by Yumerthic and Techerian peoples. Sometime during the late 11th or early 12th centuries, however, a large group of West Ulethan people known as Kjels migrated to the area surrounding the mouth of the Tebbjet River. Within a few centuries, Kjellic peoples had intermixed with the Yumerthic and Techerian peoples in the area, and Kjellic religion, culture, and language became dominant. The Kjellic language was influenced to some extent by Yumerthic and Techerian languages, creating the modern language of Karska.

The Kingdom of Karskat was a country that made up much of what is now southern coastal Kara, and it contained Kara City, which is now the capital. The kingdom was officially founded in 1309 by Eryk Johansson af Kåra when he declared himself king over the Duchy of Kara, which was founded by his grandfather, a Lord Birjer of Kara, 50 years prior. Within its first few centuries, the kingdom grew in size through conquest and treaty. Karskat was ruled by monarchs until unification into Kara in 1934; from 1782 to 1934 the monarch was limited by a constitution and eventually a parliament.

Monarchs

Monarchs of Karskat, 1309-1934

#	Reign		Regnal Name	Birth & Death	Photo	Consort(s)
	Years	Length
1	1309 - 1330	19 yrs.	Eryk I	1272 - 1330		Äddet Birjersdytter
2	1330 - 1354	24 yrs.	Hans I	1309 - 1354		Sara Söfje Haskfryrsdytter
3	1354 - 1380	26 yrs.	Birjer II	1336 - 1380		Mari Svänsdytter Johánne Jöhansdytter
4	1380 - 1386	6 yrs.	Birjer III	1365 - 1386		N/A
5	1386 - 1388	2 yrs.	Eryk II	1372 - 1388		N/A
6	1388 - 1402	14 yrs.	Haskfryr I	1342 - 1402		Kiri Byrman Johánne Jöhansdytter
7	1402 - 1414	12 yrs.	Johánnes I	1374 - 1414		Anna Kꝏvrœ
8	1414 - 1422	8 yrs.	Birjer IV	1406 - 1422		N/A
9	1422 - 1425	3 yrs.	Kiri I	1412 - 1425		N/A
10	1425 - 1440	15 yrs.	Jönas I	1383 - 1440		N/A
11	1440 - 1458	18 yrs.	Johánne I	1393 - 1458		Öskar Jösefsson
12	1458 - 1486	28 yrs.	Jösef I	1430 - 1486		Svän Byrman
13	1486 - 1515	29 yrs.	Kristaf I	1457 - 1515		Sara Lisa Svänsdytter
14	1515 - 1530	15 yrs.	Sara I	1486 - 1530		Franz Oskar Byrkamp
15	1530 - 1540	10 yrs.	Johánne II	1513 - 1540		Ande Svänsson
16	1540 - 1570	30 yrs.	Haskfryr II	1521 - 1570

Vezhekja

The Vezhek people appear to have differentiated as a distinct group during around the 15th century. Genetic testing has shown that most Vezheks descend from a thoroughly-mixed group of Yumerths and Techerians, with some Kjellic ancestry as well. The Vezhek language appears to have originated as a hybrid of Techerian and a now-extinct relative of Yumerth, but several centuries of contact with Karska have significantly influenced the language as well.

Post-Unification (1934-present)

Pre-Amendment (1934-1978)

Leaders

The Union Treaty created a national council that served as the presidency of the otherwise separate states of Karskat, Vezhekja, and Yumerd. The council consisted of one member from each state who was elected on a staggered 6-year term.

National Council of the Union of Kara

Years	Council Members
	Karskat	Vezhekja	Yumerd
1934-1935	Haskfryr Birjär Nilsson	Dannjell Šafbvrie	Ƹiva Bяla Яvleb
1936-1937		Jandreijž Pjotr Mižgailžon
1938-1939
1940-1941
1942-1943
1944-1945			Mloŋ Bävяne
1946-1947
1948-1949		Ungoillam Šajhigle
1950-1951			Jon Rowela
1952-1953	Danjäl Jaköbsson-Berg
1954-1955
1956-1957
1958-1959
1960-1961
1962-1963			Eume Lяŋä
1964-1965	Öskar Vilhelm Åttesson
1966-1967		Fvillhëim Ežnekk Ŝitzže
1968-1969			Ezðя Bяla Rebe
1970-1971
1972-1973
1974-1975
1976-1977	Jöns-Ålåf Brydeblom
1978		Ahna Sofjaa Bljèlfve

Post-Amendment (1979-present)

Presidents

The first president of the new governmental structure, Jöns-Ålåf Brydeblom, was sworn into office on January 1st, 1979. Elections for president are held every six years, and no president may be elected to office more than once. Currently, elections are held on December 20th, and the new president takes office on January 5th of the following year. In the case of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the president, the current Speaker of the Legislature becomes the de facto president until an election can be held; however, this procedure has never taken place as every president has completed their full term.

Presidents of Kara

Term	Name	Party
1979-1985	Jöns-Ålåf Brydeblom	Conservative
1985-1991	Mattéas-Vilhelm Gustafsson	National Democrats
1991-1997	Äƹe Olяmeð Ebrenя	National Democrats
1997-2003	Klara Birgitta Haskfryrsson	Independent
2003-2009	Bяla Jozev Ŋelävя	Centrist
2009-2016	Jaköb Üŋoilam Rubeŋя-Ultermann	Independent
2016-2022	Ahna Èlišabeta Škri-Mmonejž	National Democrats
2023-present	Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl	Centrist

Government and Politics

Administrative Divisions

Administrative divisions of Kara
First-level	17 länär (states)
Second-level	151 kommunär (municipalities)

Kara is divided into of 17 federal divisions, known as länär (LE-ner) or states, which have considerable governing power. Each state is further divided into municipalities, known as kommunär (CO-moon-eyr); each municipality administers public works and utilities as well as some local community programs. The capital city, Kara, is incorporated as its own state with the same privileges as the other states but is not split up into municipalities due to the impracticality of subdividing a single conurbation, and so the state government also carries out municipality-level responsibilities.

State			Municipalities
Name (Native Name)	Capital	Area (km2)	Names	# in State
Bjergdals Län	Kärrstad	2,967.40	Älfeslätts Kommun Gaffets Kommun Jånåjks Kommun Johansbergs Kommun Kärrstads Kommun Kyrillebjörgs Kommun Nådensteds Kommun	7
Bördäjgrådes Län	Fjäjstelstad	1,587.68	Äjbsö Kommun Åbbåkens Kommun Dröfverdys Kommun Fjäjstelstads Kommun Hagalids Kommun Johánneskvärns Kommun Katädrálbjörgs Kommun Kvöde Kommun Lilskrufs Kommun Mjölysse Kommun Nåkla Kommun Pjästurby Kommun Skönkojpengs Kommun Skryppe Kommun Starkefjä Kommun Störsökke Kommun Stramsdeböde Kommun Svänskärke Kommun Västredåls Kommun Viktórjäne Kommun Vrudjála Kommun	21
Dilsryls Län (Rüv Ðilzrüla)	Ðilzrül	1,430.66	Beðяŋ Ailvejaðla Beðяŋ Ajanmяla Beðяŋ Bяlarivяmojuzяla Beðяŋ Ðilzrüla Beðяŋ Evelƹoŋla Beðяŋ Ŋuvuŋlela Beðяŋ Obяðla Beðяŋ Яvulväƹrola Beðяŋ Ƹarvela	9
Dörds Län (Rüv Ðoяðla)	Ŋülяwiƹa	3,246.80	Beðяŋ Ðovaŋla Beðяŋ Eblaðanla Beðяŋ Joneboðla Beðяŋ Lяväla Beðяŋ Ŋülяwiƹala Beðяŋ Oweaðrinlala Beðяŋ Reviala Beðяŋ Zäzяvlula	8
Gaffedals Län (Rüv Ðialƹaiðaiяlala)	Vrolevroð	1,979.04	Beðяŋ Bluvla Beðяŋ Ðevяƹla Beðяŋ Moäwala Beðяŋ Vrolevroðla Beðяŋ Wяŋjajovlala	5
Gränös Län	Gröndälf	2,901.37	Flyveryds Kommun Fjäjtorps Kommun Gröndälfs Kommun Haraldsbjörgs Kommun Jåtténe Kommun Kväränlänge Kommun Måna Kommun Onderyds Kommun Sankta Söfíje Kommun	9
Gvajllåds Län	Söjlestad	1,312.59	Andräjshäms Kommun Ädrúnaby Kommun Bladstrams Kommun Brynderyds Kommun Frydekärke Kommun Fvilhävns Kommun Gåvetorps Kommun Hjäffeblums Kommun Jusingå Kommun Liljeryds Kommun Måsséts Kommun Sådabuls Kommun Söjlestads Kommun Stänhöge Kommun Storkvärns Kommun Vilhelmstads Kommun Viskestads Kommun Zakrisfjälds Kommun	18
Kåra Stads Län	Kåra	174.79	Kåra Stads Län	1
Kireks Län	Öddeskryfve	2,262.32	Anderslyds Kommun Ågresköns Kommun Öddeskryfve Kommun Svänbergs Kommung	4
Ljenbäkks Län	Nykojpeng	1,111.98	Björnaryds Kommun Märänétjårps Kommun Nykojpengs Kommun Tålle Kommun	4
Mittedålts Län	Strammesdal	2,392.60	Ängeskögs Kommun Dålby Kommun Krökekjulle Kommun Strammesdals Kommun	4
Murräs Län	Väjtspläjt	2,246.27	Flödsdålts Kommun Jystehjälms Kommun Nilshage Kommun Stärríngebjörgs Kommun Väjtspläjts Kommun	5
Rövings Län	Hjeplingåde	2,056.14	Bjurbo Kommun Brövensby Kommun Flugesåms Kommun Hajdlmälms Kommun Hjeplingåde Kommun Johansjyns Kommun Kållkärke Kommun Kvajls Kommun Låkulle Kommun Lårreby Kommun Mynnestads Kommun Niklasbruks Kommun Ollefjäjls Kommun Pådelsteds Kommun Rökkehytte Kommun Sanktestads Kommun Värnbäkks Kommun	18
Söjdrekösts Län	Fyrans	1,180.22	Annasbjörgs Kommun Bö Kommun Dalóveskjons Kommun Fräddekjufs Kommun Fyrans Kommun Hämsderyds Kommun Ljunga Kommun Manúve Kommun Måndeskryfs Kommun Pålykestads Kommun Tränneskjö Kommun Vättsbjörgs Kommun Vikehamms Kommun Vrylle Kommun	15
Täbbjets Län	Täbbjetsstad	1,254.55	Älfesjyns Kommun Äseryds Kommun Böngovs Kommun Bröby Kommun Färgangs Kommun Förstekjulle Kommun Grassemarks Kommun Jönslunds Kommun Lilhage Kommun Störkärke Kommun Täbbjetstads Kommun	11
Upplandas Län	Kvröndesbljum	1,627.67	Fjurve Kommun Kvröndesbljums Kommun Lillebjörgs Kommun	3
Vejeks Län (Vèžèks Stot)	Vèžèkstot	1,823.56	Čëllèdebjorkejts Kommun Kitš-Jʹapfijks Kommun Mjelmstrums Kommun Vèžèkstodts Kommun	4

Government of Kara
Federal presidential constitutional republic
Capital	Kara
Head of state
• Präsident (President)	Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl
• Legisatur-Tålare (Speaker of the Legislature)	Astrid Mari Gabrjälsson
Legislature
• Upper house	Nationallegislatur (National Legislature)
Judiciary	Hövda-Demstoll (High Court)
Öfverdeme (Chief Judge)	Vяn Jozev Jäðwяn
Major political parties
Socialist   Green   Vezhek Advocates   National Democrats   Independent   Centrist   Conservative   Christic
International organizations
Assembly of Nations - member state • Association of South Ulethan Nations - observer state

Politics

The members of the legislature as well as the president are elected in partisan elections, although many candidates run (and win) without a party affiliation. Elections for the legislature are held every 2 years, with presidential elections occurring every 6 years. The legislature creates, debates, and passes federal laws with a simple (50% + 1) majority. Federal laws are subject to presidential veto, although this veto can be overridden with a 200-vote (or 2/3) majority in the legislature.

Several political parties have significant influence in the legislature, with the National Democratic, Centrist, and Conservative parties each holding significant power. Independent, non-party-affiliated representatives also hold a substantial number of seats in the legislature, but members do not vote as a group or in a bloc. The current president, Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl, is a member of the Centrist party.

Kåra Government Officials

President Kiri-Anna Päjtersson-Årdl	Speaker of the Legislature Astrid Mari Gabrjälsson	Chief Judge Vяn Jozev Jäðwяn

Political Parties in Kara

Name	Current Leader	Left/Right Ideology	Core Ideologies	Seats Held
National Democrats	Astrid Mari Gabrjälsson	Center-left to left	Social liberalism Ulethanism Liberal capitalism	92/300 (30.7%)
Conservative	Jöns-Rudolf Björgman	Center-right to right	Classical liberalism Conservatism Ulethanism	54/300 (18.0%)
Centrist	Ana Яŋvlaj	Center-left to center	Third-way centrism Regulated capitalism Ulethanism	50/300 (16.7%)
Green	Äve Gröndblad	Left to far left	Environmentalism Social democracy Ulethanism	15/300 (5.0%)
Vezhek Advocates	Rašnar Glidèž	Varies	Vezhek nationalism Karaskepticism Ulethaskepticism	4/300 (1.3%)
Socialist	Ruejя Ŋяoveƹ	Far left	Socialism Isolationism Populism	4/300 (1.3%)
Christic	Jön Adam Bånövre	Right to far right	Social paleoconservatism Christic nationalism Antiliberalism	3/300 (1.0%)
Independent	none	Varies	Varies	78/300 (26.0%)

Constitution

The current constitution took effect in 1979 after it passed a national referendum. The document can be changed with the support of the majority of the legislature and a 66% majority of voters in the next legislative election.

Individual Rights

The Indevídjalle-Frydhäter (Individual Freedoms) section of the Karska constitution guaranteed several liberties and rights in its original iteration, with some later additions:

Liberty or Right	Year Added to Constitution
Freedoms of speech and press	1979 (part of original consitution)
Freedoms of peaceful assembly and peaceful protest
Freedom of religious belief and practice
Right to speedy, public trial by impartial jury
Right to vote for all Karska citizens over the age of 18
Right to refuse to testify against oneself
Freedom from invasive searches without a warrant or probable cause
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, color, class, sex, gender, ethnicity, or nationality
Right to citizenship for children born to at least one Karska citizen parent
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of religion or disability status	1980
Freedom from enslavement beyond the reasonable punishment of a crime
Right to own weapons for purposes of hunting or personal defense, subject to reasonable government regulation intended to preserve public safety	1984
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or preference	1988
Right to vote for all legal, permanent-resident aliens over the age of 18 who have resided in Kara for at least 5 years	1994
Right to marry without regard to gender for all unmarried, consenting individuals over 18	2002
Freedom from discrimination on the basis of being transgender or gender-nonconforming	2007
Right to citizenship for children born to at least one permanent-resident alien parent	2018

National Anthem

The official Karska choral version of the national anthem, Sing as One.

Kara's national anthem, Sing as One, was written for the ratification ceremony of the United Kara Amendment; the first act of the National Legislature made it the official national anthem.

Audio

Karska	Ingerish
Sjänge som Än	Sing as One
Komme og sjänge som än Komme, föräna vårt land Vi kommer åt stå tillsamms Vi kommer åt vår bara Låt os stå för saningen Låt os sjänge för rättvis Vi är starka; vi är fräj Vi älskar dämókrati Vi ska hjälpe varandra Vi ska sjänge för frädhät Vi räspékterar andra Vi räspékterar vårt häm Utmaningar ställs inför Utmaningar ställs öfferfun Örättvis attakkärar Örättvis vi bäkämpa Komme, vi vinner kampän Komme og sjänge som än	Let us come and sing as one Let us go unite our land For we are united as one We unite for all that's fair Let us stand for what is true Let us stand for what is just We are strong and we are free And we love democracy We will lend each other aid We will sue for lasting peace We respect each human heart We respect this land that's ours Challenges will come our way Challenges, they shall not stay And injustice may molest But we fight it to the end Come, the battle must be won Let us come and sing as one

Demographics

Demographics of Kara
Demonym	Karskan
Official languages	Karska, Vezhek (Vèžèk), Yumerth (Jumяð)

Religion

Kara has not had an established state religion since the United Kara Amendment of 1979. Previous to that amendment, the government designated 3 state Christic churches (one for each ethnic/linguistic region). The 3 state churches have since united to form the People's Church of Kara.

Religious Identification in Kara, 2021

  People's Church of Kara (Christic) (51%)

  Holy Grace Church (Christic) (15%)

  Darcodian (Christic) (3%)

  Ortholic (Christic) (2%)

  Other Christic (2%)

  Judic (2%)

  Animist/Spiritualist (2%)

  General Spirituality (8%)

  Secular (14%)

  Other (1%)

Historically a Christic area, a significant majority of Karskans identify as Christic, although some other minority faiths have also gained traction, particularly through immigration. Religiously unaffiliated individuals also make up a substantial minority of the population.

People's Church of Kara

Initially founded in Kara city from a group of Christic groups in the area in the 15th century, the Church of Kara was under the leadership of the Karska monarch until the mid-18th century. It uses a traditional liturgical service, with a particular emphasis placed on music and collective prayer in services. The church continues to play a significant role in Karska society.

For its first several centuries of existence, the church's leadership exerted tight control on ideas and information within the faith, maintaining a strongly conservative belief and policy system, which continued to be very influential in society, although this influence did decrease in the 17th and 18th centuries with growing secularism and independent thought. However, the church's direction changed as a result of the 1784 secession of the Holy Grace Church in Nådensted in Bjergdals Län, which attracted many believers with its strong yet liberal belief system. In response to this crisis, the People's Church loosened control in many areas, allowing more liberal ideas to gain traction within the church.

In 1928, the church's general council elected Hans Jösef Zakrisson as Head Priest of the church. Zakrisson, the de facto leader of the church's liberal wing and a staunch proponent of liberalism and democracy in society, led several reforms in the church that ultimately were very influential in the formation of modern Kara under the Union Treaty of 1934. Within a decade, the People's Church became strongly liberal-leaning (ironically, some conservative detractors defected to the Holy Grace Church, steering it to become more conservative than the People's Church). Since the 1930s, the church has held to a strongly liberal, universalist theology and a cultural emphasis on inclusion. However, the church has also remained open to a variety of theological and political ideas, and so there are some significant conservative factions within the faith, although many conservative detractors have left for the Holy Grace denomination in recent years.

Nonetheless, the liberal majority has steered the church's policy in a strongly progressive direction, such as was seen in its 1963 resolution urging the Karska government to open the country to refugees and its calls for preservation of minority languages in the 1980s. More recently, the church moved in 1995 to allow same-sex couples to be married by the church in places where such marriage was legal, and this move is widely agreed to have been a key catalyst of the 1997 legislative decision and 2002 constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to same-sex marriage in Kara.

In 2011, Jöne Mäjbjerg became the first openly transgender and non-binary priest in the People's Church, and a 2016 council canonized them and renamed their local church (Sankte Jöne Mäjbjergs Folkes- og Domkärke Äjbsö) in their honor.

Languages

As a multinational state, several languages are used across Kara, and three languages (Karska, Yumerth, and Vezhek).

Karska

Karska (Kårska) is a Gaermanic language that is spoken in areas Kara once part of Karskat. It uses a 26-letter Latinic alphabet.

Karska Pronunciation

Letter	IPA	Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalence
Aa	⟨a⟩	got
	⟨ə⟩ or ⟨ɜ⟩ when at the end of some words	problem
Ää	⟨ɛ⟩	ever
Åå	⟨ɒ⟩	dawn
Bb	⟨b⟩	bake
Cc	⟨s⟩	center
	⟨k⟩	cave
Dd	⟨d⟩	dote
Ee	⟨ə⟩ (schwa)	problem
	⟨ɛ⟩ (when the first letter of a word or accented)	ever
Ff	⟨f⟩	fee
Gg	⟨ɡ⟩	good
Hh	⟨h⟩	home
	⟨ç⟩ (when followed by "j" as in Hjeplingåde)	hue
Ii	⟨i⟩	me
Jj	⟨j⟩	you
Kk	⟨k⟩	cave
Ll	⟨l⟩	low
Mm	⟨m⟩	mat
Nn	⟨n⟩	never
	⟨ŋ⟩ (when before a "g")	going
Oo	⟨o⟩	over
Öö	⟨œ⟩	like Kalmish "ö" in öl or möbel
Pp	⟨p⟩	pine
Rr	⟨r⟩ or ⟨ɾ⟩	rolled or tapped r (no Ingerish equivalent)
	⟨ʁ⟩ (in a few locations with heavy Kalmish influence)	related to Kalmish "r" as in groß or rätsel
Ss	⟨s⟩	so
Tt	⟨t⟩	too
Uu	⟨u⟩	clue
Vv	⟨v⟩	vow
Yy	⟨y⟩	no Ingerish equivalent, essentially an ⟨i⟩ in me with rounded lips
Zz	⟨z⟩	zoo

There are a few multigraphs in Karska:

Characters	IPA	Notes
ng	⟨ŋg⟩	Varies by region and speaker. A majority of speakers use ⟨ŋg⟩ for an "ng" not at the end of a word (ie Ljunga would be ⟨ljuŋga⟩) and ⟨ŋ⟩ for a final "ng" (ie Kojpeng or Kung as ⟨kœjpəŋ⟩ and ⟨kuŋ⟩, respectively). Some speakers use ⟨ŋg⟩ in all cases. A small minority use ⟨ng⟩.
	⟨ŋ⟩
	⟨ng⟩
sch	⟨ʃ⟩	Fairly uncommon. Equivalent to Ingerish "sh".
cc	⟨ʧ⟩	Very rare and only used in loanwords or place names, especially those with Kalmish influence. Equivalent to "ch" in Ingerish.
tsch
ctc
dsch	⟨ʤ⟩	Rare. Used only in loanwords and place names, especially those of Kalmish influence. Equivalent to Ingerish "j" as in "judge".

Accent Marks

In Karska, the first syllable of a word is always emphasized, except when otherwise marked with an accent on the vowel of the syllable to be emphasized. Áá, Íí, and Úú are prononced the same as their "core" letters (Aa, Ii, and Uu, respectively), while Éé and Óó are pronounced as Ää and Öö, respectively.

Example pronunciations of words/terms/names

Term/name	IPA	Rough Federal States Ingerish Equivalent
Ädrúnaby	ɛdɾunaby	Ed-run-ah-beu
Bördäjgrådes Län	bœɾdɛjgrɔdəs lɛn	Bor-deyg-rawd-uhs Len
Fjörnåde Repúblikka Kåra	fjœrnɔdə ɾəpublika kɔra	Fyoor-nah-duh Ruh-poob-lee-kah Kaw-ra
Hjeplingåde	çjɛpliŋgɔdə	Hyehp-leeng-ah-duh
Län	lɛn	Len
Märänétjårp	mɛɾɛnɛt'tjɔrp	Meh-reh-neht-tjawrp

Vezhek

Vezhek is one of Kara's official languages, and it is spoken in Vezheks Stot in the northwest portion of the country. It is generally considered to be a Karska-influenced creole of Techerian and Yumerth. It also uses a Latin-based alphabet, but is not phonetically consistent like Karska and Yumerth (quite the contrary — it is known for its extremely complicated spellings of seemingly simple words).

Vezhek Places, People, and their Pronunciations

Vezhek	IPA	Rough Ingerish Equivalent
Čëllèdebjorkejt	t͡ʃəlɛdəbjorkaɪt	Chuh-led-duh-byor-kait
Kitŝ-Jʹapfijk	kit͡ʃ japfik	Keetch Yahp-feek
Ahna Èlišabeta Škri-Mmonejž	ana elɪʃabeta skri manaɪʒ	Ahn-nah Ey-lih-shah-bey-tah Skree Mahn-aizh
Vèžèkstodt	veʒɛkstot	Vey-zhek-stoht
Zjuët	zjyt	Zyeut
Haatahhaŝa	χataχaʃt͡ʃja	Hah-tah-ha-shchyah

Yumerth

Yumerth is the only living member of the isolated Yumerdic language family that is spoken in the eastern portions of Kara. In the centuries since Kjellic settlement, Yumerth has had some linguistic interaction with Karska, and both languages have shared some words and linguistic features. Nonetheless, it remains a distinct language.

Yumerth is believed to have started developing its own writing system just a few centuries before Kjellic settlement, but this writing system never took off and was quickly replaced by the developed Latinic script used in Karska, although some new characters were developed to represent sounds present in Yumerth but not Karska. The alphabet has a phonetic orthography and has 20 letters:

Yumerth Alphabet

Letter	IPA
Aa	a
Ää	æ
Bb	β
Ðð	ð
Ee	e-ɛ
Ii	i-ɪ
Jj	j
Ll	l
Mm	m
Nn	n
Ŋŋ	ŋ
Oo	o
Rr	ɹ
Яя	ɚ-ɝ
Uu	u
Üü	y
Vv	v
Ww	w
Zz	z
Ƹƹ	ʒ